Electron最新文献

{"title":"Cover Image, Volume 2, Number 1, February 2024","authors":"Wuwei Mo,&nbsp;Joel Jie Foo,&nbsp;Wee-Jun Ong","doi":"10.1002/elt2.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elt2.37","url":null,"abstract":"<p>2D carbon-based heterostructured electrocatalysts have recently emerged as one of the promising nanomaterials to drive sustainable hydrogen production and combat climate change. Unlike conventional noble metal-based catalysts, such heterostructures made from carbon allotropes and transition metals prevail due to their remarkable activities, cost-effectiveness, and earth abundance. Particularly, this review (DOI: 10.1002/elt2.20) summarizes state-of-the-art 2D carbon nanosheet-, graphene-, and graphdiyne-based heterostructured electrocatalysts towards hydrogen evolution and water splitting from both experimental and computational aspects. Besides, novel structural engineering and facile synthesis strategies are also spotlighted, which are vital to greatly enhance electrocatalytic performances.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":100403,"journal":{"name":"Electron","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elt2.37","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139993888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allying interfacial engineering of 2D carbon nanosheet-, graphene-, and graphdiyne-based heterostructured electrocatalysts toward hydrogen evolution and overall water splitting","authors":"Wuwei Mo,&nbsp;Joel Jie Foo,&nbsp;Wee-Jun Ong","doi":"10.1002/elt2.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elt2.20","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and overall water splitting (OWS) for renewable energy generation have recently become a highly promising and sustainable strategy to tackle energy crisis and global warming arising from our overreliance on fossil fuels. Previously, tremendous research breakthroughs have been made in 2D carbon-based heterostructured electrocatalysts in this field. Such heterostructures are distinguished by their remarkable electrical conductivity, exposed active sites, and mechanical stability. Herein, with fundamental mechanisms of electrocatalytic OWS summarized, our review critically emphasized on state-of-the-art 2D carbon nanosheet-, graphene-, and graphdiyne-based heterostructured electrocatalysts in HER and OWS since 2018. Particularly, the three emerging carbonaceous substrates tend to be incorporated with metal carbides, phosphides, dichalcogenides, nitrides, oxides, nanoparticles, single atom catalysts, or layered double hydroxides. Meanwhile, fascinating structural engineering and facile synthesis strategies were also unraveled to establish the structure–activity relationship, which will enlighten future electrocatalyst developments toward ameliorated HER and OWS activities. Additionally, computational results from density functional theory simulations were highlighted as well to better comprehend the synergistic effects within the heterostructures. Finally, current stages and future recommendations of this brand-new electrocatalyst type were concluded and discussed for advanced catalyst designs and future practical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":100403,"journal":{"name":"Electron","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elt2.20","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139993907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crystallinity engineering of carbon nitride protective coating for ultra-stable Zn metal anodes","authors":"Chen Liu,&nbsp;Yuxin Zhu,&nbsp;Shuanlong Di,&nbsp;Jiarui He,&nbsp;Ping Niu,&nbsp;Antonios Kelarakis,&nbsp;Marta Krysmann,&nbsp;Shulan Wang,&nbsp;Li Li","doi":"10.1002/elt2.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elt2.29","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ineffective control of dendrite growth and side reactions on Zn anodes significantly retards commercialization of aqueous Zn-ion batteries. Unlike conventional interfacial modification strategies that are primarily focused on component optimization or microstructural tuning, herein, we propose a crystallinity engineering strategy by developing highly crystalline carbon nitride protective layers for Zn anodes through molten salt treatment. Interestingly, the highly ordered structure along with sufficient functional polar groups and pre-intercalated K⁺ endows the coating with high ionic conductivity, strong hydrophilicity, and accelerated ion diffusion kinetics. Theoretical calculations also confirm its enhanced Zn adsorption capability compared to commonly reported carbon nitride with amorphous or semi-crystalline structure and bare Zn. Benefiting from the aforementioned features, the as-synthesized protective layer enables a calendar lifespan of symmetric cells for 1100 h and outstanding stability of full cells with capacity retention of 91.5% after 1500 cycles. This work proposes a new conceptual strategy for Zn anode protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":100403,"journal":{"name":"Electron","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elt2.29","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139993861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in Fe-N-C single-atom site coupled synergistic catalysts for boosting oxygen reduction reaction","authors":"Katam Srinivas,&nbsp;Zhuo Chen,&nbsp;Hesheng Yu,&nbsp;Dawei Liu,&nbsp;Jian Zhen Ou,&nbsp;Ming-qiang Zhu,&nbsp;Yuanfu Chen","doi":"10.1002/elt2.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elt2.26","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Metal–air batteries, fuel cells, and electrochemical H₂O₂ production currently attract substantial consideration in the energy sector owing to their efficiency and eco-consciousness. However, their broader use is hindered by the complex oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) that occurs at cathodes and involves intricate electron transfers. Despite the significant ORR performance of platinum-based catalysts, their high cost, operational limitations, and susceptibility to methanol poisoning hinder broader implementation. This emphasizes the need for efficient non-precious metal-based ORR electrocatalysts. A promising approach involves utilizing single-atom catalysts (SACs) featuring metal–nitrogen–carbon (M-N-C) coordination sites. SACs offer advantages such as optimal utilization of metal atoms, uniform active centers, precisely defined catalytic sites, and robust metal–support interactions. However, the symmetrical electron distribution around the central metal atom of a single-atom site (M-N₄) often results in suboptimal ORR performance. This challenge can be addressed by carefully tailoring the surrounding environment of the active center. This review specifically focuses on recent advancements in the Fe-N₄ environment within Fe-N-C SACs. It highlights the promising strategy of coupling Fe-N₄ sites with metal clusters and/or nanoparticles, which enhances intrinsic activity. By capitalizing on the interplay between Fe-N₄ sites and associated species, overall ORR performance improved. The review combines findings from experimental studies and density functional theory simulations, covering synthesis strategies for Fe-N-C coupled synergistic catalysts, characterization techniques, and the influence of associated particles on ORR activity. By offering a comprehensive outlook, the review aims to encourage research into high-efficiency Fe single-atom sites coupled synergistic catalysts for real-world applications in the coming years.</p>","PeriodicalId":100403,"journal":{"name":"Electron","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elt2.26","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139993921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering orbital hybridization in heterogeneous catalysis","authors":"Xiaoyang Yue,&nbsp;Lei Cheng,&nbsp;Eszter Baráth,&nbsp;Rajenahally V. Jagadeesh,&nbsp;Quanjun Xiang","doi":"10.1002/elt2.16","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elt2.16","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The catalytic coordinate is essentially the evolving frontier orbital interaction while feeding with catalytic materials and adsorbates under proper reaction conditions. The heterogeneous catalytic reaction mechanism involves the initial adsorption and activation of reactants, subsequent intermediate transformation, final target product desorption, and regeneration of catalytic materials. In these catalytic processes, interaction modulations in terms of orbital hybridization/coupling allow an intrinsic control on both thermodynamics and kinetics. Concerned charge transfer and redistribution, orbital splitting and rearrangement with specific orientation, and spin change and crossover pose a formidable challenge on mechanism elucidation; it is hard to precisely correlate the apparent activity and selectivity, let alone rational modulations on it. Therefore, deciphering the orbital couplings inside a catalytic round is highly desirable and the dependent descriptor further provides in-depth insights into catalyst design at the molecule orbital level. This review hopes to provide a comprehensive understanding on orbital hybridizations, modulations, and correlated descriptors in heterogeneous catalysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":100403,"journal":{"name":"Electron","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elt2.16","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139601171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving sulfur transformation of lean electrolyte lithium–sulfur battery using nickel nanoparticles encapsulated in N-doped carbon nanotubes","authors":"Ze Zhang,&nbsp;Yuqing Xu,&nbsp;Donggen Xiong,&nbsp;Ji Yu,&nbsp;Jianxin Cai,&nbsp;Yizhong Huang,&nbsp;Zhenyu Yang","doi":"10.1002/elt2.19","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elt2.19","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Efficient redox reactions of lean electrolyte lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries highly rely on rational catalyst design. Herein, we report an electrocatalyst based on N-doped carbon nanotubes (CNT)-encapsulated Ni nanoparticles (Ni@NCNT) as kinetics regulators for Li–S batteries to propel the polysulfide-involving multiphase transformation. Moreover, such a CNT-encapsulation strategy greatly prevents the aggregation of Ni nanoparticles and enables the extraordinary structural stability of the hybrid electrocatalyst, which guarantees its persistent catalytic activity on sulfur redox reactions. When used as a modified layer on a commercial separator, the Ni@NCNT interlayer contributes to stabilizing S cathode and Li anode by significantly retarding the shuttle effect. The corresponding batteries with a 3.5 mg cm⁻² sulfur loading achieve the promising cycle stability with ∼85% capacity retention at the electrolyte/sulfur ratios of 5 and 3 μL mg⁻¹. Even at a high loading of 12.2 mg cm⁻², the battery affords an areal capacity of 7.5 mA h cm⁻².</p>","PeriodicalId":100403,"journal":{"name":"Electron","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elt2.19","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139616461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the correlation between structural alterations and enhanced high-voltage cyclability in Na-deficient P3-type layered cathode materials via Li incorporation","authors":"Xiaoxia Yang,&nbsp;Suning Wang,&nbsp;Hang Li,&nbsp;Jochi Tseng,&nbsp;Zhonghua Wu,&nbsp;Sylvio Indris,&nbsp;Helmut Ehrenberg,&nbsp;Xiaodong Guo,&nbsp;Weibo Hua","doi":"10.1002/elt2.18","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elt2.18","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With exceptional capacity during high-voltage cycling, P3-type Na-deficient layered oxide cathodes have captured substantial attention. Nevertheless, they are plagued by severe capacity degradation over cycling. In this study, tuning and optimizing the phase composition in layered oxides through Li incorporation are proposed to enhance the high-voltage stability. The structural dependence of layered Na_2/3Li_<i>x</i>Ni_0.25Mn_0.75O_2+<i>δ</i> oxides on the lithium content (0.0 ≤ <i>x</i> ≤ 1.0) offered during synthesis is investigated systematically on an atomic scale. Surprisingly, increasing the Li content triggers the formation of mixed P2/O3-type or P3/P2/O3-type layered phases. As the voltage window is 1.5–4.5 V, P3-type Na_2/3Ni_0.25Mn_0.75O₂ (NL_0.0NMO, <i>R</i><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mover>\u0000 <mn>3</mn>\u0000 <mo>‾</mo>\u0000 </mover>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $overline{3}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math><i>m</i>) material exhibits a sequence of phase transformations throughout the process of (de)sodiation, that is, O3⇌P3⇌O3′⇌O3″. Such complicated phase transitions can be effectively suppressed in the Na_2/3Li_0.7Ni_0.25Mn_0.75O_2.4 (NL_0.7NMO) oxide with P2/P3/O3-type mixed phases. Consequently, cathodes made of NL_0.7NMO exhibit a substantially enhanced cyclic performance at high voltages compared to that of the P3-type layered NL_0.0NMO cathode. Specifically, NL_0.7NMO demonstrates an outstanding capacity retention of 98% after 10 cycles at 1 C within 1.5–4.5 V, much higher than that of NL_0.0NMO (83%). This work delves into the intricate realm of bolstering the high-voltage durability of layered oxide cathodes, paving the way for advanced sodium-ion battery technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":100403,"journal":{"name":"Electron","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elt2.18","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139531791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress in MXene-based catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction","authors":"Jieli Chen,&nbsp;Xiaohong Gao,&nbsp;Jing Li,&nbsp;Zhenye Kang,&nbsp;Juan Bai,&nbsp;Tianjiao Wang,&nbsp;Yuliang Yuan,&nbsp;Chenghang You,&nbsp;Yu Chen,&nbsp;Bao Yu Xia,&nbsp;Xinlong Tian","doi":"10.1002/elt2.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elt2.17","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electrochemical water splitting for hydrogen generation is considered one of the most promising strategies for reducing the use of fossil fuels and storing renewable electricity in hydrogen fuel. However, the anodic oxygen evolution process remains a bottleneck due to the remarkably high overpotential of about 300 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm⁻². The key to solving this dilemma is the development of highly efficient catalysts with minimized overpotential, long-term stability, and low cost. As a new 2D material, MXene has emerged as an intriguing material for future energy conversion technology due to its benefits, including superior conductivity, excellent hydrophilic properties, high surface area, versatile chemical composition, and ease of processing, which make it a potential constituent of the oxygen evolution catalyst layer. This review aims to summarize and discuss the recent development of oxygen evolution catalysts using MXene as a component, emphasizing the synthesis and synergistic effect of MXene-based composite catalysts. Based on the discussions summarized in this review, we also provide future research directions regarding electronic interaction, stability, and structural evolution of MXene-based oxygen evolution catalysts. We believe that a broader and deeper research in this area could accelerate the discovery of efficient catalysts for electrochemical oxygen evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":100403,"journal":{"name":"Electron","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elt2.17","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139993970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A common polar dye additive as corrosion inhibitor and leveling agent for stable aqueous zinc-ion batteries","authors":"Hao Wang,&nbsp;Chao Hu,&nbsp;Zefang Yang,&nbsp;Tingqing Wu,&nbsp;Yihu Li,&nbsp;Qi Zhang,&nbsp;Yougen Tang,&nbsp;Haiyan Wang","doi":"10.1002/elt2.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elt2.21","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The industrial application of zinc-ion batteries is restricted by irrepressible dendrite growth and side reactions that resulted from the surface heterogeneity of the commercial zinc electrode and the thermodynamic spontaneous corrosion in a weakly acidic aqueous electrolyte. Herein, a common polar dye, Procion Red MX-5b, with high polarity and asymmetric charge distribution is introduced into the zinc sulfate electrolyte, which can not only reconstruct the solvation configuration of Zn²⁺ and strengthen hydrogen bonding to reduce the reactivity of free H₂O but also homogenize interfacial electric field by its preferentially absorption on the zinc surface. The symmetric cell can cycle with a lower voltage hysteresis (78.4 mV) for 1120 times at 5 mA cm⁻² and Zn//NaV₃O₈·1.5H₂O full cell can be cycled over 1000 times with high capacity (average 170 mAh g⁻¹) at 4 A g⁻¹ in the compound electrolyte. This study provides a new perspective for additive engineering strategies of aqueous zinc-ion batteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":100403,"journal":{"name":"Electron","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elt2.21","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139993873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An examination and prospect of stabilizing Li metal anode in lithium–sulfur batteries: A review of latest progress","authors":"Bingyan Song,&nbsp;Laisuo Su,&nbsp;Xi Liu,&nbsp;Wanjie Gao,&nbsp;Tao Wang,&nbsp;Yuan Ma,&nbsp;Yiren Zhong,&nbsp;Xin-Bing Cheng,&nbsp;Zhi Zhu,&nbsp;Jiarui He,&nbsp;Yuping Wu","doi":"10.1002/elt2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elt2.13","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Li metal anode emerges as a formidable competitor among anode materials for lithium–sulfur (Li-S) batteries; nevertheless, safety issues pose a significant hurdle in its path toward commercial viability. This review enumerates three historical challenges inherent to the Li metal anode: unavoidable volume expansion, multifunctional solid electrolyte interface formation, and uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth. In particular, when paired with a sulfur cathode, the Li anode presents an additional unique hurdle: the shuttle effect. To address these issues, this article offers a thorough examination of the latest innovations aimed at stabilizing the Li metal anode within Li-S batteries. We categorize these approaches into five classifications: liquid electrolyte optimization, enhancement of non-liquid-state electrolytes, Li metal surface modification, Li anode architecture design, and Li alloy improvement. For several noteworthy results within these categories, we have compiled their electrochemical performance into tables, facilitating direct comparison. This detailed analysis illuminates feasible strategies and suggests directions warranting further exploration for optimizing the capability and safety of Li metal anodes in Li-S batteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":100403,"journal":{"name":"Electron","volume":"1 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elt2.13","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138454707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}