{"title":"Dry friction of manganese phosphate coatings on steel and cast iron","authors":"Andrzej KozŁowski","doi":"10.1016/0300-9416(74)90009-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0300-9416(74)90009-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It was confirmed that manganese phosphate-based coatings decrease considerably the coefficient of dry sliding friction. Better results are obtained when both parts are phosphated. The effect of load on the friction coefficient was established, indicating a different mechanism of friction from that of metals. It is suggested that friction of phosphate coatings is similar to that of relatively soft metal coatings on the one hand and certain brittle substances such as rocksalt on the other hand, with considerable contribution of abrasion wear, particularly in the running-in period. No visible effect of chemical pretreatment, friction velocity (within the examined limit) and coating unit weight (above certain critical value) on the dry friction coefficient value has been observed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100399,"journal":{"name":"Electrodeposition and Surface Treatment","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 109-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0300-9416(74)90009-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84196065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electrodeposition of ternary alloys of iron-cobalt-cadmium from the sulphate bath","authors":"S.K. Narang, T.L.Rama Char","doi":"10.1016/0300-9416(74)90008-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0300-9416(74)90008-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ternary alloys of iron-cobalt-cadmium have been electrodeposited for the firdt time from the sulphate bath. Detailed studies on alloy composition, cathode efficiency and cathode potential have led to the operating conditions for obtaining satisfactory deposits containing iron 0–60, cobalt 0–60 and cadmium 7–100%. The cathode effeciency was 39–99%, and the limiting current density 30 A/dm<sup>2</sup>. X-Ray studies indicate the presence of mixtures of the b.c.c. and h.c.p. phases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100399,"journal":{"name":"Electrodeposition and Surface Treatment","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 93-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0300-9416(74)90008-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78780198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electrolyte contamination effects of the high temperature deposition of barrier anodic films on aluminium in aqueous solutions","authors":"S. Ikonopisov, L. Andreeva","doi":"10.1016/0300-9416(74)90011-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0300-9416(74)90011-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The formation of barrier alumina films in aqueous electrolytes is known to proceed anomalously at temperatures above 40°C and to result in unstable films. In contrast with this the advantage of the high temperature anodization is proved by industrial experience. In order to elucidate the reasons for these discrepancies the galvanostatic anodization of aluminium in a boric acid solution at 90°C was studied. Some impurities of very low concentrations in the electrolyte were found to become active at high temperature and to cause the appearance and enlargement with the film growth of corrosion spots with a high electronic conduction. The shape, size and number of these spots turned out to be associated with the nature and concentration of the active impurities. These impurities are incorporated in the film during anodization and the electrolyte is thus ‘adapted’ by elimination of the impurities carried away by the oxide. The anodization in such ‘adapted’ electrolytes was found to proceed normally and to give high-resistance anodic films. Some practical application aspects of these findings are also discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100399,"journal":{"name":"Electrodeposition and Surface Treatment","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 135-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0300-9416(74)90011-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78926047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identification of the cause of embrittlement in annealed low current density nickel electrodeposits","authors":"D.M. Braddick , S.J. Harris","doi":"10.1016/0300-9416(74)90010-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0300-9416(74)90010-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An attempt has been made to identify the nature and cause of grain boundary gas bubbles which are formed during the annealing of low current density (21.5 A/m<sup>2</sup>) Watts nickel electrodeposits. Chemical analysis has shown that low c.d. nickel contains greater quantities of oxygen and hydrogen than do higher c.d. deposits, and that carbon is present in all deposits. Changes in the slopes of Tafel slopes measured at low c.d. possibly indicate a cathodic oxygen reduction reaction which may explain the analysis result. Mass spectrometry experiments indicate that carbon monoxide gas is evolved at temperatures above 600°C from 21.5 A/m<sup>2</sup> nickel. It is suggested that the higher concentrations of carbon and oxygen in low c.d. material favour the formation of high densities of gas filled pores and thus produce the observed embrittlement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100399,"journal":{"name":"Electrodeposition and Surface Treatment","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 123-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0300-9416(74)90010-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77381389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Boron and boron carbide by vapor deposition","authors":"J.G. Donaldson, J.B. Stephenson, A.A. Cochran","doi":"10.1016/0300-9416(74)90012-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0300-9416(74)90012-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Boron trichloride can be reduced by hydrogen at 1,300°C with a recovery of approximately 85% as elemental boron. The optimum H<sub>2</sub> to BCl<sub>3</sub> molar ratio was 30 under the test conditions used. No reaction between tungsten substrates and the boron deposits could be detected. Other substrate materials tested, in order of increasing reactivity with the depositing boron, were fused silica, mullite, graphite, titanium and nickel. Alumina reacted extensively with the chloride gases to form aluminum chloride.</p><p>BBr<sub>3</sub> can be reduced by hydrogen at slightly lower temperatures than can BCl<sub>3</sub>, but this advantage is probably outweighed by the lower boron content, lower volatility and higher cost of BBr<sub>3</sub>.</p><p>When stoichiometric amounts of BCl<sub>3</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> were reacted with an excess of H<sub>2</sub> at 1,300°C, B<sub>4</sub>C deposits were obtained. An excess of CH<sub>4</sub> in the reaction mixture resulted in the codeposition of B<sub>4</sub>C and free carbon. B<sub>4</sub>C deposits contained 74.7 to 76.0% boron, compared with 78.3% for pure B<sub>4</sub>C. The specific gravity of the B<sub>4</sub>C was 2.32, which is 90% or more of the theoretical value. The Knoop microhardness of one B<sub>4</sub>C deposit on a mullite substrate was 3,472.</p><p>A method of etching B<sub>4</sub>C was developed and used. Etching revealed that the B<sub>4</sub>C deposits had a columnar microstructure with the columns perpendicular to the substrate.</p><p>When BCl<sub>3</sub> was reduced with H<sub>2</sub> at 1,500°C with a graphite substrate, the depositing boron reacted with the graphite to produce uniform, strongly adherent coatings of B<sub>4</sub>C on graphite. The Knoop microhardness of two of these B<sub>4</sub>C coatings was 3,065 and 3,195, which corresponds to a Mohs hardness of approximately 9. Graphite coated with B<sub>4</sub>C has many physical and chemical properties that would be desirable in rocket nozzle applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100399,"journal":{"name":"Electrodeposition and Surface Treatment","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 149-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0300-9416(74)90012-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86973843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"1974 Gorden research conference on electrochemistry","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/0300-9416(74)90013-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9416(74)90013-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100399,"journal":{"name":"Electrodeposition and Surface Treatment","volume":"2 2","pages":"Page 164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0300-9416(74)90013-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137006862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The performance of electrodeposited iron plate in contact with lead-tin alloys","authors":"G.R. Perger, P.M. Robinson","doi":"10.1016/0300-9416(73)90005-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0300-9416(73)90005-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The influence of variables in the plating process on the properties and performance of electrodeposited iron plate in contact with molten lead-tin soldering alloys has been investigated. Satisfactory electrodeposits for this application can be produced from mixed sulphate-fluoborate baths provided that the processing variables are closely controlled. The major modes of failure of the plate in service are microcracking, thermal fatigue and abrasive wear; methods of minimising these are considered.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100399,"journal":{"name":"Electrodeposition and Surface Treatment","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 75-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0300-9416(73)90005-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75435025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of the low-temperature CVD process","authors":"K.H. Bloss, H. Lukas","doi":"10.1016/0300-9416(73)90003-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0300-9416(73)90003-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The low-temperature CVD process, a specific version of the single vapour deposition procedure, is presented and its potential applications are described. The important features that have led to the designation “low-temperature CVD process” are outlined.</p><p>Besides organometals as pyrolyzable compounds, evaporation and pyrolysis, diffusion zone and gas dynamics, the determination of the deposition conditions especially are discussed in detail. This discussion covers practice-oriented rather than theoretical approaches to the problem.</p><p>Following the above-mentioned line, the applications of depostion from the vapour phase at low temperatures are discussed. This discussion includes protective coatings against corrosion and wear, optical and decorative coatings, pigments and fillers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100399,"journal":{"name":"Electrodeposition and Surface Treatment","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 47-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0300-9416(73)90003-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80551304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Variation des tensions internes et de l'epaisseur de fissuration des revetements electrolytiques Ni-Mo avec les conditions experimentales","authors":"Elizabeth Chassaing, Vu Quang Kinh","doi":"10.1016/0300-9416(73)90004-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0300-9416(73)90004-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dans des conditions expérimentales déterminées, les revêtements électrolytiques Ni-Mo provenant des bains complexants citrate sont exempts de fissure lorsque la densité de courant est supérieure à une certaine valeur. Dans ce travail, on étudie l'effet de la constitution du bain, de la densité de courant et de la composition du dépôt sur certains paramètres intrinsèques à l'alliage déposé. Les contraintes internes de traction s'élèvent rapidement avec la teneur croissante en molybdène du dépôt, tandis que l'épaisseur de fissuration diminue dans ces conditions. Le bain sulfamate de nickel donne des rendements de courant et des épaisseurs de fissuration supérieurs aux bains chlorure ou sulfate. Les facteurs intervenant dans la fissuration des dépôts Ni-Mo ont été discutés.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100399,"journal":{"name":"Electrodeposition and Surface Treatment","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 65-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0300-9416(73)90004-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90241103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electrodeposition from liquid ammonia solutions","authors":"E.W. Brooman","doi":"10.1016/0300-9416(73)90002-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0300-9416(73)90002-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A review of some of the properties of liquid ammonia as a solvent for electrodeposition is given. Data from the literature on the deposition of elements from Groups IA to VIIA of the Periodic Table are collected together and discussed. Particular emphasis is given to the electrodeposition of refractory and light metals, and the anodic deposition of elements and compounds of interest to the super- and semiconducting industries.</p><p>Liquid ammonia as a solvent holds promise for the anodic deposition of those elements which form polyanionic complexes, for compounds of these elements, and for the deposition of those elements such as Be and Ti which react with the solvent in aqueous solutions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100399,"journal":{"name":"Electrodeposition and Surface Treatment","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 1-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0300-9416(73)90002-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80961098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}