{"title":"Die elektrolytische abscheidung von zinnüberzügen aus pyrophosphatelektrolyten","authors":"B.A. Purin, I.A. Vitina","doi":"10.1016/0300-9416(73)90030-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9416(73)90030-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>(1) Die kathodische Reduktion des Zinns wird sowohl durch die Bedingungen der Zufuhr und des Zerfalls des Zinn-Pyrophosphatkomplexes im Kathodenraum, als auch durch die Bildung des Hydroxids und der passivierenden Schicht bedingt.</p><p>Die Hauptrolle bei den Passivierungsvorgängen auf der Kathode spielt die Reduktion des Sn(IV) zum Sn(II), die mit der Bildung einer kompakten Zinnoxidschicht verbunden ist.</p><p>(2) Der Einfluβ der Konzentration der Sn<sup>4+</sup>-Ionen und einiger stabilisierender Zusätze zum Elektrolyt auf den Prozeβ der elektrolytischen Abscheidung von Zinn-Niederschlägen und die Stabilität des Elektrolyts während seiner Arbeit wurde untersucht. Es wird gezeigt, daβ Hydrazinhydrochlorid die Oxydation des Sn(II) wirksam unterdrückt; zusammen mit Gelatinehydrolysat läβt sich mit diesen Zusätzen eine hohe Einebnung (bis zu 100%) der Zinnoberfläche erzielen.</p><p>(3) Auf Grund der mitgeteilten Untersuchungsergebnisse wird ein hochleistungsfähiger Pyrophosphatelektrolyt zur elektrolytischen Verzinnung und Blechverzinnung empfohlen. Dieser Elektrolyt ist hydrolytisch stabil, oxydationsfest und gibt glänzende und halbglänzende porenfreie Zinnüberzüge in einem breiten Arbeitstemperaturbereich der Lösung.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100399,"journal":{"name":"Electrodeposition and Surface Treatment","volume":"1 6","pages":"Pages 471-481"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0300-9416(73)90030-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92079763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The effect of addition agents on the electrical resistivity of electrodeposited nickel","authors":"P. Sibley , P.A. Brook","doi":"10.1016/0300-9416(73)90027-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0300-9416(73)90027-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effects of butynediol, coumarin, sodium naphthalenesulphonate, sodium benzenesulphonate and toluenesulphonamide on the electrical resistivity, mean grain diameter and hardness of nickel deposited from a Watts type solution are reported. The resistivity is dependent on type of addition, its concentration and the thickness of the deposit. The effect of thickness is that a very flat maximum is produced in between 10 and 20 μm. The absolute values of the resistivity vary from ≈70 μΩ-mm for deposits from a pure Watts bath to ≈120 μΩ-mm for deposits from baths containing coumarin.</p><p>The results are correlated with the size and active groups of the molecules through their adsorption-desorption behaviour. The adsorption of butynediol follows the Langmuir adsorption.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100399,"journal":{"name":"Electrodeposition and Surface Treatment","volume":"1 6","pages":"Pages 439-448"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0300-9416(73)90027-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76066642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A non-destructive optical technique for testing lacquered metal surfaces","authors":"J.P.G. Farr, J.M. Keen , M.D. Pettitt","doi":"10.1016/0300-9416(73)90028-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0300-9416(73)90028-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A simple non-destructive optical technique is described for testing lacquering on metal. A d.c. voltage is applied across a nematic liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the lacquered surface under investigation and a transparent conductive layer on a microscope slide. Current leakage across the nematic as the voltage is raised disturbs the molecular structure in the liquid crystal and causes dynamic optical displays viewed through the glass slide. Leakage occurs readily at pin-holes, less readily at physical or chemical heterogeneities in the lacquer. Examples are given of the application to defects in lacquer on tin-plate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100399,"journal":{"name":"Electrodeposition and Surface Treatment","volume":"1 6","pages":"Pages 449-455"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0300-9416(73)90028-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74230069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pulsating potential electrolysis in the deposition of copper","authors":"G. Savic-Maglić, A.R. Despić","doi":"10.1016/0300-9416(73)90026-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0300-9416(73)90026-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A very low impedance circuit was constructed in order to provide a pulsating cathodic potential for a copper electrode immersed in a copper sulphate solution of the type used in copper refining. The increase in surface roughness during a fixed period of plating was investigated as a function of the frequency of pulsation. It was established that the relative increase in surface roughness depended linearly on the square root of the reciprocal frequency. This is in accordance with the theory based on the model of amplification of surface roughness being a transport controlled phenomenon.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100399,"journal":{"name":"Electrodeposition and Surface Treatment","volume":"1 6","pages":"Pages 429-438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0300-9416(73)90026-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84646081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of ultrasonic agitation on some properties of electrodeposits","authors":"C.T. Walker, R. Walker","doi":"10.1016/0300-9416(73)90029-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0300-9416(73)90029-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper reviews the effect of ultrasonic agitation of the plating solution on the grain size, hardness, internal stress, porosity and brightness of electrodeposited metals. Generally, the hardness and brightness of electrodeposits are increased by ultrasonic agitation, whereas the porosity is decreased. Results from different sources for the effect of ultrasound on internal stress are conflicting, although coatings which are codeposited with hydrogen usually have a reduced internal stress. The influence of ultrasonic vibration on deposit grain size appears to be the controlling factor in most, if not all, property changes; dehydrogenation and the codeposition of extraneous particles, however, may also be important.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100399,"journal":{"name":"Electrodeposition and Surface Treatment","volume":"1 6","pages":"Pages 457-469"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0300-9416(73)90029-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84406886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Observations on the dissolution tests for sealing quality of anodic coatings on aluminium","authors":"R. Lizarbe, S. Feliu","doi":"10.1016/0300-9416(73)90031-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0300-9416(73)90031-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An approach is made towards a better understanding of the influence of some variables on the immersion tests currently in favour for determination of the sealing quality of anodic coatings on aluminium. The paper first discusses the dissolution mechanism of unsealed oxide coatings and that of coatings with different degrees of sealing. Data are then given which show the effects of the dissolved aluminium and of sodium acetate and acetic acid additions on the dissolving power of the so-called “acetic bath” as well as of sodium sulphite and sulphuric acid additions on the so-called “acidified sulphite bath”. The influence of a nitric acid pretreatment on the results obtained from both baths is also discussed. Finally, the effect of ageing on the oxide coating is commented upon.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100399,"journal":{"name":"Electrodeposition and Surface Treatment","volume":"1 6","pages":"Pages 483-497"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0300-9416(73)90031-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78100072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electrochemical boriding of molybdenum in molten salts","authors":"A. Bonomi, H. Giess, C. Gentaz","doi":"10.1016/0300-9416(73)90025-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0300-9416(73)90025-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work describes a study of the growth of a Mo<sub>2</sub>B<sub>5</sub> layer, obtained by diffusion of boron produced by cathodic reduction of KBF<sub>4</sub> on molybdenum metal in molten fluorides, at 830°C.</p><p>The growth of the Mo<sub>2</sub>B<sub>5</sub> layer has been studied by the galvanostatic method, and is controlled by diffusion of boron in the boride layer.</p><p>The experimental results show that boriding may occur with about 100% Faraday efficiency, and the calculated diffusion coefficient of boron in the surface layer is in agreement with the literature data obtained by chemical vapour boriding studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100399,"journal":{"name":"Electrodeposition and Surface Treatment","volume":"1 5","pages":"Pages 419-427"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0300-9416(73)90025-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75140831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Elektrolumineszenzerscheinungen bei der anodisierung des aluminiums in chromsäure","authors":"P. Csokán","doi":"10.1016/0300-9416(73)90020-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0300-9416(73)90020-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Es wurden Untersuchungen zwecks Feststellung der Bedingungen des Auftretens von Elektrolumineszenzerscheinungen beim Anodisieren des Aluminiums durchgeführt. Die in verdünnten, kalten Chromsäurelösungen ermittelten Ergebnisse bestätigen, daβ Funkenentladungs- und Glimmerscheinungen nicht nur bei der Formierung der Oxidsperrschichten in oxidnichtlösenden Elektrolyten auftreten, sondern — im Gegensatz zur bisherigen Auffassung — bei Anwendung bestimmter Versuchsbedingungen auch in den oxidlösenden Elektrolyten hervorgerufen werden können.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100399,"journal":{"name":"Electrodeposition and Surface Treatment","volume":"1 5","pages":"Pages 349-358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0300-9416(73)90020-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87600992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corrosion tests of stainless steel X6 Cr Mo 17 and of microcracked chromium surface layers by electrochemical techniques","authors":"F. Stricker, J. Brauner","doi":"10.1016/0300-9416(73)90023-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0300-9416(73)90023-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electrode potential- and current density-time curves in dilute sulphuric acid and in 3% NaCl solution were measured in order to compare the corrosion resistance of microcracked chromium layers and of X6 Cr Mo 17 steel. The surface potentials of the two materials were registered in another series of trials in weak acid alcoholic solution. The results allowed the following conclusions to be drawn: </p><ul><li><span>1.</span><span><p>1. The X6 Cr Mo 17 steel has the better corrosion resistance in weak sulphuric acid; this means that it is the better suited for an industrial atmosphere.</p></span></li><li><span>2.</span><span><p>2. In solutions with chlorine ions a more or less superficial attack on the microcracked chromium layer can be observed, but the pitting of the X6 Cr Mo 17 steel is to be expected.</p></span></li><li><span>3.</span><span><p>3. In electrolytes the production of local cells on the microcracked chromium layer is to be expected and for that reason some local corrosion, too; there is no pitting, however. The corresponding differences of potential were not observed with the X6 Cr Mo 17 steel. Therefore the steel must react more advantageously.</p></span></li></ul><p>Accelerated corrosion tests completed the trials and brought results which agree with these conclusions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100399,"journal":{"name":"Electrodeposition and Surface Treatment","volume":"1 5","pages":"Pages 395-404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0300-9416(73)90023-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84747739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anodic oxidation of aluminium in sulphuric acid under potentiostatic conditions","authors":"T. Muramaki, H.R. Khan, Ch.J. Raub","doi":"10.1016/0300-9416(73)90024-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0300-9416(73)90024-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The behaviour of the current and impedance have been investigated at low potentials and temperatures by means of a potentiostatic technique for the initial anodic oxidation of aluminium in sulphuric acid. A linear relationship between the reciprocal capacitance and the oxide over potential was obtained and found to be independent of temperature. However, the resistance of the oxide films was temperature dependent. It increases with increasing electrical field. A deviation from an exponential relationship between the current and the potential was found at lower potentials. The experimental data obtained indicate that the initial growth of the pores of the oxide films depends on the applied electrical field strength. A deviation from the empirical exponential relationship between the ionic current and the electrical field strength for the barrier type film is a characteristic of the porous type film in the region of low oxide over potentials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100399,"journal":{"name":"Electrodeposition and Surface Treatment","volume":"1 5","pages":"Pages 405-418"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0300-9416(73)90024-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84166950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}