Earthquake Research Advances最新文献

{"title":"Risk-targeted seismic hazard model for the Philippines","authors":"Rhommel Grutas,&nbsp;Jhon Philip Camayang,&nbsp;Justine Anne Duka,&nbsp;Miguel Antonio Magandi,&nbsp;John Edward Nachor,&nbsp;Jedrek Angelo G. Tupas,&nbsp;Guia Angela C. Agoncillo","doi":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2025.100402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2025.100402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Philippines' current seismic design framework, grounded in outdated uniform hazard approaches, fails to ensure consistent structural safety due to regional variations in seismic risk and structural fragility. This study aims to develop the first risk-targeted seismic hazard maps for the Philippines, adopting the ASCE 7–16 framework and integrating updated probabilistic seismic hazard data from the SHADE Project. Through the application of risk-integral formulations, the annual probability of structural collapse was computed by convolving seismic hazard curves and lognormal fragility functions. A parametric analysis was conducted using varying fragility dispersions (β ​= ​0.6, 0.7, 0.8) and target collapse probabilities (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>P</mi><mtext>fail</mtext></msub></mrow></math></span>) to evaluate their effects on risk coefficients (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mi>R</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>), conditional collapse probabilities, and hazard curve slopes (η) for spectral accelerations at 0.2 s and 1.0 s. Results reveal that higher fragility dispersions and lower collapse targets significantly increase required design motions, particularly in short-period structures. The selected baseline parameters, β ​= ​0.6 and <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>P</mi><mtext>fail</mtext></msub></mrow></math></span> ​= ​2 ​× ​10⁻⁴ (1 ​% collapse risk in 50 years), yielded consistent collapse probabilities and aligned with international standards. Spatial analyses showed elevated <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mi>R</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> in high-hazard zones such as Western Luzon, Eastern Visayas and Mindanao, while a strong correlation between <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mi>R</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> and η underscores the importance of hazard curve shape in seismic design. All computations assumed rock site conditions, with future work recommended to address site-specific effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100384,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Research Advances","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146154216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The seismogenic structure of strong intraplate earthquakes in Shantou region, South China: Insights from upper crustal shear-wave velocity structure","authors":"Lue Yang ,&nbsp;Lun Li ,&nbsp;Xiuwei Ye ,&nbsp;Jinming Zhang ,&nbsp;Jialong He ,&nbsp;Yuan Gao ,&nbsp;Pengfei Li ,&nbsp;Yu He ,&nbsp;Ziwei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2025.100390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2025.100390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Shantou region, one of the most seismically active zones of Guangdong Province (South China), has experienced multiple strong earthquakes, including two significant events with magnitudes greater than 7.0 that occurred in 1600 and 1918, respectively. To investigate the seismogenic structures responsible for these major earthquakes and their potential triggering mechanisms, we construct a high-resolution shear-wave velocity model from the surface to ∼15 ​km depth based on a dense nodal seismic array using ambient noise tomography. The model reveals a pronounced low-velocity zone (LVZ) at depths of 2–15 ​km, with a perturbation of −2 to −8%, coinciding with the northwestern extension of the Huanggangshui Fault previously identified in the offshore region. Integrating our results with previous field geological surveys and shallow reflection seismic exploration, we interpret the LVZ as a wide fault zone, potentially comprising multiple fault branches that possibly include two NW-trending faults (i.e., the Rongjiang Fault and the Hanjiang Fault). Notably, the interaction between the Huanggangshui Fault and NE-trending Littoral Fault is suggested to have triggered the 1918 <em>M</em> 7.3 Nan'ao earthquake. Additionally, the 1895 <em>M</em> 6.2 earthquake seems to have occurred at the edge of the LVZ near the Rongjiang Fault, a possible branch of the Huanggangshui Fault, further supporting the association between this structure and seismic activity. These findings imply that the LVZ may represent a region of concentrated tectonic stress, making it a potential site for future strong earthquakes. Consequently, this area should be prioritized in seismic hazard assessments. This study provides valuable insights into the seismogenic characteristics of the Shantou region and contributes to improving seismic hazard evaluations in South China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100384,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Research Advances","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146154207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of focal depths for the 2024 M 7.3 Hualien offshore and 2025 M 6.2 Tainan earthquakes in Taiwan, China: An enhanced method based on sPn phase and waveform cross-correlation techniques","authors":"Huifang Chen ,&nbsp;Binhua Lin ,&nbsp;Tairan Xu ,&nbsp;Yanming Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuanhong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2025.100398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2025.100398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a method for determining earthquake focal depths by combining the sPn phase with the waveform cross-correlation technique, based on waveform data recorded by the Fujian Seismic Network from the 2024 <em>M</em> 7.3 Hualien offshore earthquake and the 2025 <em>M</em> 6.2 Tainan earthquake. The Pn phase onset was precisely aligned using waveform cross-correlation, and the arrival time difference (<span><math><mo>Δ</mo><mi>t</mi></math></span>) between the sPn and Pn phases was extracted via a sliding time-window correlation method. The focal depths were derived using a layered velocity model for the Taiwan region. Results show that the calculated focal depth for the Hualien earthquake is 23.1 km (<span><math><mo>Δ</mo><mi>t</mi></math></span> = 6.9 s), with a relative error of 2.7% compared to the official result (22.5 km) from the Central Weather Administration of Taiwan. For the Tainan earthquake, the depth is 17.9 km (<span><math><mo>Δ</mo><mi>t</mi></math></span> = 6.1 s), with a relative error of 13.3%. In this study, we show that a cross-correlation threshold of 0.8 and a bandpass filtering of 0.1–0.3 Hz are efficient to suppress noise and significantly improve depth accuracy for shallow earthquakes with depth &lt;30 km. Compared to traditional travel-time location methods, this approach exhibits superior noise resistance and computational efficiency. Future work will focus on optimizing 3D velocity structures, integrating multiple phases, and applying deep learning techniques such as convolutional neural networks, aiming to improve the results in a more reliable and automatic way, and to provide efficient support on earthquake emergency response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100384,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Research Advances","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146154206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coulomb stress transfer from the 2025 MW 7.7 Myanmar earthquake to active faults in southwestern Yunnan, China: Implications for seismic hazard","authors":"Yujiang Li,&nbsp;Cheng Yang,&nbsp;Xingping Hu,&nbsp;Jie Yuan,&nbsp;Rui Yao,&nbsp;Hong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2025.100397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2025.100397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>On 28 March 2025, a strong <em>M</em>_W 7.7 earthquake struck the seismic gap in the central section of the Sagaing Fault in Myanmar, causing significant damages and casualties in Myanmar and neighboring countries. Major earthquakes like this are expected to transfer stresses to nearby active regions and change their seismic hazards in the near future. In this study, based on a stratified viscoelastic model and a coseismic slip model, we calculated the co- and post-seismic Coulomb stress change (△<em>CFS</em>) imparted by the <em>M</em>_W 7.7 Myanmar earthquake to the main active faults in the adjacent southwestern Yunnan region in China. Our results show that five fault segments experience up to 3 kPa of coseismic stress increase, including the Longling-Lancang Fault, the Nantinghe Fault, the Menglian Fault, the Heihe Fault, and the Red River Fault, respectively. The pattern of postseismic △<em>CFS</em> is similar to that of coseismic △<em>CFS</em>, suggesting that with the increasing elapsed time, the stress level continues to increase in these fault zones. The coseismic auxiliary stress fields show that the orientation of the principal tensile stress is predominantly NE-SW in the northern part of the southwestern Yunnan region, and shows clockwise rotation to NW-SE in the south. This stress regime controls the additional slip motion, consistent with that reflected by the coseismic shear stress change. Combined with other geophysical and geodetic data, we propose that more attention should be paid to the Longling-Lancang Fault, the Nantinghe Fault, the Menglian Fault, and the Heihe Fault, potential candidates for the next strong earthquakes in this region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100384,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Research Advances","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100397"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146154217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal correlation of multi-depth rock mass deformation and mining-induced subsidence: A case study of the Shagoucha Coal Mine","authors":"Dongdong Cao ,&nbsp;Jun Zhang ,&nbsp;Ming Li ,&nbsp;Baoqiang Chen ,&nbsp;Jia Li ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2025.100391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2025.100391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the insufficient understanding of the dynamic coupling between surface subsidence and multi-depth rock mass deformation induced by underground mining, this study focuses on the 520109 working face of the Shagoucha Coal Mine in Shaanxi Province. Most existing subsidence prediction models rely heavily on surface deformation data and often overlook the temporal evolution of deep rock mass responses, limiting their predictive accuracy under complex geological conditions. In this context, we implement a fully integrated GNSS–borehole monitoring system to obtain high-frequency continuous GNSS observations and internal deformation time series at three key depths (14 ​m, 92 ​m, and 132 ​m). To reveal the dynamic correlation between strata deformations and surface subsidence across multiple time scales, cross-wavelet transform (XWT) analysis is applied to quantify both amplitude and phase relationships in the time–frequency domain. The results demonstrate that surface subsidence consistently lags behind deep rock mass deformation, with the deepest monitored stratum (132 ​m) showing the earliest and largest deformation. The 92 ​m layer (primary subsidence deformation zone) also displays a leading response, particularly in high-frequency bands, indicating its role in stress redistribution and transmission. In contrast, the shallow 14 ​m loess layer exhibits a lagging and hydrologically sensitive behavior, responding passively to overlying subsidence. These results highlight the stratified and frequency-dependent nature of deformation evolution, emphasizing the significance of deep rock mass signals as early indicators of subsidence progression. By integrating multi-depth deformation monitoring with time–frequency correlation analysis, this study provides novel insights into the temporal hierarchy of mining-induced subsidence. It provides theoretical support for refining subsidence prediction models and early warning systems. Compared with previous studies that focus primarily on surface or single-depth data, our approach provides a more comprehensive framework for interpreting the spatiotemporal dynamics of stratified deformation processes in mining areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100384,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Research Advances","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146154209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FilterNet: A CNN-RNN based filter model used for raw tunnel lining GPR data","authors":"Bang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yu-Qi Cai ,&nbsp;Zi-Ye Yu ,&nbsp;Kai Li","doi":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2025.100374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2025.100374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) technology, with its characteristics of being fast, non-destructive, and high-resolution, has become an important tool for detecting underground structures. However, GPR data inevitably suffer from environmental noise and electromagnetic interference during the acquisition process, leading to decreased data quality and increased complexity in data processing. Traditional filtering algorithms have limitations such as low discrimination between noise and signal, poor adaptability, and inability to process data in real time. This paper proposes a filtering model based on deep neural networks, called FilterNet. FilterNet combines Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) and recurrent neural networks (RNN) for processing multi-channel data. It can perform end-to-end filtering directly on the raw tunnel lining GPR data, achieving functions such as removing air reflection waves, denoising, and automatic gain. Using PSNR (Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio) and SSIM (Structural Similarity Index) as statistical indicators, it is shown that the FilterNet model improves filtering precision. The SSIM of all three models is 0.997, and the PSNR of FilterNet1D and FilterNet are 19.06 and 19.41, respectively. Furthermore, tests on the model's processing efficiency indicate that FilterNet requires less memory and is more efficient than the UNet model. FilterNet's parameters are only 48 ​% of those of UNet. Its GFLOPS (Giga Floating Point Operations Per Second) is only one-third of UNet's, and it can process data in real time. Additionally, FilterNet performs exceptionally well in suppressing random noise.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100384,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Research Advances","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100374"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145420106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismogenic characteristics of the 2025 Dingri Ms 6.8 earthquake: Insights from GNSS observations","authors":"Yu Li,&nbsp;Yuebing Wang,&nbsp;Yinxing Shao,&nbsp;Hongbo Shi,&nbsp;Tan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2025.100375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2025.100375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the seismogenic characteristics of the 2025 Dingri <em>M</em>_<em>S</em> <em>6.8</em> earthquake through multi-parametric GNSS analyses of velocity field, strain rate evolution and displacement patterns across pre-seismic and co-seismic phases. Our findings demonstrate spatiotemporally heterogeneous crustal deformation exhibiting kinematic precursors correlating with subsequent rupture propagation. The epicentral region exhibited prolonged N-S compressional strain accumulation accompanied by accelerated E-W extensional deformation and progressive counterclockwise rotation of principal strain axes three years prior, indicating enhanced local normal fault activities. Co-seismic observations delineate significant displacement domains, with the XZSJ (∼95 ​mm) site documenting the largest northeastward motion, consistent with rupture propagation along secondary N-E trending structures. Co-seismic strain analysis identifies concentrated seismic moment release primarily west of the Xainza-Dinggye Fault and north of the Southern Qinghai-Xizang Detachment Fault system, displaying normal fault kinematics in agreement with the seismic source mechanism. The co-seismic strain partitioning pattern shows critical implications for regional N-S trending normal fault system, necessitating sustained geodetic monitoring to advance understanding of seismic cycle deformation in this area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100384,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Research Advances","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145420105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid disaster assessment of a M 6.8 earthquake in Dingri, Xizang, China","authors":"Can Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongme Guo ,&nbsp;Dongming Wang ,&nbsp;Yuping Yang ,&nbsp;Zhen Zhao ,&nbsp;Ying Zhang ,&nbsp;Zonghang He","doi":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2025.100377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2025.100377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We conducted a rapid seismic intensity assessment of a <em>M</em> 6.8 earthquake in Dingri, Xizang, using a ground motion parameter attenuation model based on the shortest fault distance combined with either an empirical equation for the surface rupture length or data on the aftershocks that occurred within 1.5 ​hr after the earthquake. The assessment showed that the empirical equation for the relationship between the surface rupture length and magnitude established by Wells et al. yielded a surface rupture length that was closer to the actual value, while the seismic intensity determined using a combination of the ground motion parameter attenuation model and the empirical equation for the surface rupture length was relatively in line with the intensity from the actual investigation. This study also demonstrated that manual intervention and screening are needed for aftershocks within 1.5 ​hr after the earthquake if this information is to be employed in the intensity assessment. In addition, if the death assessment model does not consider the seismic vulnerability of local buildings, significant errors can occur in practice. Nevertheless, the disaster assessment results were obtained within 5 ​min after the earthquake, thus providing important data support for the government emergency command and decision-making associated with the emergency rescue response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100384,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Research Advances","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100377"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145420156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid report of the March 28, 2025 MW 7.9 Myanmar earthquake","authors":"Jing Cai,&nbsp;Nan Xi,&nbsp;Guangjie Han,&nbsp;Wenze Deng,&nbsp;Li Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2025.100396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2025.100396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>On March 28, 2025, a moment magnitude (<em>M</em>_W) 7.9 earthquake struck Myanmar, marking it as the most powerful seismic event of the year. The earthquake occurred along the Sagaing Fault, a prominent right-lateral strike-slip fault and the most significant active tectonic structure in Myanmar. In response to this seismic emergency, China Earthquake Networks Center (CENC) promptly published several reports on seismic source parameters. The focal mechanism solution indicates strike-slip faulting as the causative mechanism of the earthquake. Analysis of the rupture process indicates that it predominantly propagates from north to south. The rupture extended over a length exceeding 200 ​km and persisted for approximately 95 ​s. According to the estimated seismic intensity map, the meizoseismal region experienced shaking intensity reaching up to X(10), while the area with an intensity of more than VI exceeds 443 487 ​km². This earthquake inflicted substantial casualties and extensive property damage, underscoring the long-standing seismic hazard posed by the Sagaing Fault and highlighting the need for enhanced seismic preparedness and risk mitigation strategies in the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100384,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Research Advances","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145420157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recorded responses of Four Tall buildings in South China to the M 7.9 Myanmar Earthquake on March 28, 2025","authors":"Tao Fan ,&nbsp;Zhe Qu ,&nbsp;Jiang Yang ,&nbsp;Juan Qin ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Xu ,&nbsp;Yuxiu Chen ,&nbsp;Qiong Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2025.100395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2025.100395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper reports the recorded structural responses of four 170 m–320 m tall buildings in China to the mainshock of the <em>M</em> 7.9 Myanmar earthquake on March 28, 2025. The buildings are located approximately 1 200 km–2 000 ​km away from the epicenter. The following observations are made by preliminary analysis of the data: (1) the base motion of the buildings exhibited significant long-period components in the range of 2 s–10 s; (2) the identified fundamental periods were much larger than the empirical equations in the design codes, suggesting that the empirical equations may be overly conservative; (3) the amplification of floor accelerations was much more significant than code provisions for determining the seismic demands on non-structural elements, possibly attributing to the overly high damping ratios assumed in the design codes; (4) the buildings exhibited large enough equivalent lateral stiffnesses to satisfy the drift limit under frequent earthquakes by the Chinese seismic provisions, and (5) the significant durations of the shaking of the upper floors of the buildings were comparable to those of the base motions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100384,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Research Advances","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145420103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}