Earthquake Research Advances最新文献

{"title":"The evolution process between the earthquake swarm beneath the Noto Peninsula, central Japan and the 2024 M 7.6 Noto Hanto earthquake sequence","authors":"Zhigang Peng ,&nbsp;Xinglin Lei ,&nbsp;Qing-Yu Wang ,&nbsp;Dun Wang ,&nbsp;Phuc Mach ,&nbsp;Dongdong Yao ,&nbsp;Aitaro Kato ,&nbsp;Kazushige Obara ,&nbsp;Michel Campillo","doi":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2024.100332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2024.100332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Several physical mechanisms of earthquake nucleation, such as pre-slip, cascade triggering, aseismic slip, and fluid-driven models, have been proposed. However, it is still not clear which model plays the most important role in driving foreshocks and mainshock nucleation for given cases. In this study, we focus on the relationship between an intensive earthquake swarm that started beneath the Noto Peninsula in Central Japan since November 2020 and the nucleation of the 2024 <em>M</em> 7.6 Noto Hanto earthquake. We relocate earthquakes listed in the standard Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) catalog since 2018 with the double-different relocation method. Relocated seismicity revealed that the 2024 <em>M</em> 7.6 mainshock likely ruptured a thrust fault above a parallel fault where the <em>M</em> 6.5 Suzu earthquake occurred in May 2023. We find possible along-strike and along-dip expansion of seismicity in the first few months at the beginning of the swarm sequence, while no obvious migration pattern in the last few days before the <em>M</em> 7.6 mainshock was observed. Several smaller events occurred in between the <em>M</em> 5.5 and <em>M</em> 4.6 foreshocks that occurred about 4 min and 2 ​min before the M7.6 mainshock. The Coulomb stress changes from the <em>M</em> 5.5 foreshock were negative at the hypocenter of the <em>M</em> 7.6 mainshock, which is inconsistent with a simple cascade triggering model. Moreover, an <em>M</em> 5.9 foreshock was identified in the JMA catalog 14 ​s before the mainshock. Results from back-projection of high-frequency teleseismic P waves show a prolonged initial rupture process near the mainshock hypocenter lasting for ∼25 ​s, before propagating bi-laterally outward. Our results suggest a complex evolution process linking the earthquake swarm to the nucleation of the <em>M</em> 7.6 mainshock at a region of complex structures associated with the bend of a mapped large-scale reverse fault. A combination of fluid migration, aseismic slip and elastic stress triggering likely work in concert to drive both the prolonged earthquake swarm and the nucleation of the M7.6 mainshock.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100384,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Research Advances","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143135629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geophysical delineation of the newly identified Gulmarg fault in the Kashmir Basin, NW Himalaya. Implications for active structural control","authors":"Ayaz Mohmood Dar,&nbsp;Syed Kaiser Bukhari","doi":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2024.100315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2024.100315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Kashmir Basin, shaped by the collision of the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates, features prominent faults, including the Balapur fault and other fault zones. This study focuses on the Gulmarg fault within the Northwestern Himalaya, using advanced geomagnetic techniques for delineation. Geomagnetic measurements reveal the characteristics of the newly identified Gulmarg fault. Ground magnetic surveys with Proton Precession Magnetometers along linear profiles and a magnetic grid highlight fault-related anomalies. The results indicate a fault running through the Gulmarg meadows, approximately 1.6 ​km from the Balapur fault, suggesting a potential coupling between the two. Three profiles across the fault exhibit distinctive magnetic variations, highlighting the intricate nature of the fault structure. Gridding methods also reveal anomalies associated with subsurface water and hydraulic activities, underscoring the importance of advanced geophysical techniques. This study emphasizes the significance of detailed investigations to unravel the complex geological processes shaping the Kashmir Basin. The study provides valuable insights into the tectonic activity in the Gulmarg region, underscoring the role of geophysical studies in enhancing our understanding of dynamic geological structures like the Gulmarg fault zone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100384,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Research Advances","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143135632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global research trends in seismic landslide: A bibliometric analysis","authors":"Mengjie Yang ,&nbsp;Shenghua Cui ,&nbsp;Tao Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2024.100329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2024.100329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Earthquake-induced landslides have always been a hot research topic in the field of geosciences. However, there have been few bibliometric analyses on this topic. To systematically understand the research status, this study is based on bibliometrics and extensively uses visualization analysis techniques. It combines quantitative and qualitative methods to conduct an in-depth analysis of 5 016 papers collected from the Web of Science (<span><span>www.webofscience.com</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>). The results revealed that: ①The number of papers on earthquake-induced landslides is steadily increasing, and is expected to continue to rise. ②Countries prone to frequent earthquakes have made significant contributions to the research on earthquake-induced landslides, and the frequent and effective cooperation among these countries has had a very positive impact on promoting landslide study. ③ Research on earthquake-induced landslides is no longer limited to the field of geology, and the future direction is to integrate knowledge and technical methods from multiple disciplines. In the research methods of earthquake-induced landslides, there is a gradual shift from \"experience, theory\" to \"data-driven\". This study can provide researchers in this field with information on the core research forces, evolving hot topics, and future development trends of earthquake-induced landslides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100384,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Research Advances","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143135633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coseismic deformation and seismogenic structure of the 2024 Hualien Earthquake measured by InSAR and GNSS","authors":"Jiangtao Qiu ,&nbsp;Lingyun Ji ,&nbsp;Liangyu Zhu ,&nbsp;Yongsheng Li ,&nbsp;Chuanjin Liu ,&nbsp;Qiang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2024.100328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2024.100328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>On April 3, 2024, an <em>M</em>7.3 earthquake occurred in the offshore area of Hualien County, Taiwan, China. The seismogenic structure at the epicentral location was highly complex, and studying this earthquake is paramount for understanding regional fault activity. In this study, we employed ascending and descending orbit Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data and utilized differential interferometry (InSAR) technique to obtain the co-seismic deformation field of this event. The line-of-sight deformation field revealed that the main deformation caused by this earthquake was predominantly uplift, with maximum uplift values of approximately 38.8 ​cm and 46.1 ​cm for the ascending and descending orbits, respectively. By integrating the three-dimensional GNSS co-seismic deformation field, we identified the seismogenic fault located in the offshore thrust zone east of Hualien, trending towards the northwest. The fault geometry parameters, obtained through the inversion of an elastic half-space homogeneous model, indicated an optimal fault strike of 196°, a dip angle of 30.9°, and an average strike-slip of 0.4 ​m and dip-slip of −2.6 ​m. This suggests that the predominant motion along the seismogenic fault is thrusting. The distribution of post-seismic Coulomb stress changes revealed that aftershocks mainly occurred in stress-loaded regions. However, stress loading was observed along the northern segment of the Longitudinal Valley Fault, with fewer aftershocks. This highlights the importance of closely monitoring the seismic hazard associated with this fault segment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100384,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Research Advances","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141839729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The rupture process of the Hualien M7.3 sequence on April 3, 2024","authors":"Zhigao Yang ,&nbsp;Huifang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2024.100333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2024.100333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Hualien <em>M</em> 7.3 earthquake on April 3, 2024, was a significant and strong earthquake in Taiwan, China in the past two decades. The rupture process of the main shock and strong aftershocks is of great significance to the subsequent seismic activity and seismogenic tectonic research. Based on local strong-motion data, we used the IDS (Iterative Deconvolution and Stacking) method to obtain the rupture process of the mainshock and two strong aftershocks on the 23rd. The rupture of the mainshock was mainly unilateral, lasting 31 ​s, with a maximum slip of 2 ​m, and the depth of the large slip zone is about 41–49 ​km. There is a clear difference between the rupture depth of the main shock and the two strong aftershocks. The depths of the large slip zones of the latter two are 3–9 ​km and 8–10 ​km, respectively. There is also a significant difference in the seismogenic fault between the mainshock and the aftershocks, and we believe that there are two seismogenic fault zones in the study area, the deep and the shallow fault zone. The slip of the deep faults activates the shallow faults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100384,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Research Advances","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143135630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and application of submarine seismic ambient noise in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2024.100311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2024.100311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Submarine seismic ambient noise imaging combines current marine and on-land seismic detection technologies. Based on data from several broadband shallow-sea type ocean bottom seismometers (SOBSs) deployed in the Bohai Sea and north Yellow Sea, this paper analyzes the submarine seismic ambient noise characteristics. It explores the theory, technology, method and application of the submarine seismic ambient noise imaging using the single-point horizontal and vertical spectral ratio method (HVSR). The observations yield the following results: 1) Submarine seismic ambient noise has consistent and constant energy, making it an appropriate passive seismic source for submarine high-frequency surface wave investigation. 2) Using the HVSR approach, a single three-component OBS could differentiate between the basement and sediments. Array seismic observation could be utilized to extract the frequency dispersion curve and invert it to obtain the velocity structure for more accurate stratification. 3) The SOBS we use is suitable for submarine surface wave exploration. 4) Tomography results with greater resolution and deeper penetration could be obtained by combining active and passive sources in a simultaneous inversion of the HVSR and frequency dispersion curve. Seamless land-to-ocean seismic research can be accomplished with submarine seismic ambient noise imaging technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100384,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Research Advances","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141036524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D shear wave velocity and azimuthal anisotropy structure in the shallow crust of Binchuan Basin in Yunnan, Southwest China, from ambient noise tomography","authors":"Jing Wang ,&nbsp;Huajian Yao ,&nbsp;Ying Liu ,&nbsp;Baoshan Wang ,&nbsp;Weitao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2024.100327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2024.100327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Binchuan Basin in northwest Yunnan, southwest China, is a rift basin developed at the intersection of the Red River Fault and Chenghai Fault, where historical earthquakes have occurred. Understanding the fine velocity structure of the shallow crust in this region can help improve earthquake location accuracy and our understanding of the relationship between fault zone structures and fault slip behaviors. Using the continuous waveform data recorded by 381 dense array stations in 2017, we obtained 7 915 Rayleigh-wave phase velocity dispersion curves in the period band of 0.2–6 ​s from ambient noise cross-correlation functions after rigorous data processing and quality control. We determined 3D isotropic and azimuthally anisotropic shear wave velocity models at depths above 6 ​km in the shallow crust based on the direct surface wave azimuthal anisotropic tomography method. The isotropic model reveals a strong correspondence between the S-wave velocity structure at depths of 0–1 ​km and the regional topography and lithology. The Binchuan depocenter, Zhoucheng depocenter, Xiangyun Basin, and Xihai Rift Basin are primarily composed of Quaternary deposits, which show low-velocity anomalies, while the regions with the Paleozoic shale, limestone, and basalt exhibit high-velocity anomalies. The nearly N–S orientation of fast directions from azimuthal anisotropy models are mainly controlled by the active Binchuan Fault with N–S strike as well as the NNW-oriented primary compressive stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100384,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Research Advances","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141706801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A fast survey report about bridge damages by the 2024 Noto Peninsula Earthquake","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2024.100312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2024.100312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The 2024 Noto Peninsula Earthquake was a significant seismic event that caused extensive damage across the region, characterized by a strong shake, subsequent tsunami, fires, liquefaction, and landslides. An emergency survey was conducted by our team from January 6 to January 8, 2024, focusing primarily on the impact of the earthquake on road bridges. This preliminary report includes ground motion records from the most affected areas and their response spectra, providing insights into the earthquake's intensity and characteristics. Among the key findings, substantial damage was reported to the long-span bridges connecting Noto Island to the mainland, specifically the Noto Island Ohashi Bridge and the Naka-Noto Agriculture Bridge (Twin Bridge Noto). These bridges are crucial as they serve as the sole access points to Noto Island. Additionally, the survey recorded damage to several other structures, including the Okogawa Bridges, Ouchigata Bridge, and a collapsed old wooden bridge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100384,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Research Advances","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141057637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid determination of source parameters of the M6.2 Jishishan earthquake in Gansu Province and its application in emergency response","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2024.100310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2024.100310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we swiftly determined the focal parameters (focal mechanism, seismic imaging process, magnitude) of the Jishishan earthquake, leveraging a solved fault model to assess the intensity field and casualties promptly. The investigation began by retrieving the source mechanism through the P-wave initial motion and W-phase method. This enabled us to chart the spatial and temporal distribution of energy release in the source area via the back-projection technique. Following this, we estimated the earthquake's intensity field by merging the source inversion findings with the ground motion prediction equation. This analysis facilitated the evaluation of earthquake casualties, utilizing the theoretical intensity field and a casualty assessment model. Our findings indicate that the fault type is a thrust fault, characterized by a unilateral rupture in the direction of NW, with a rupture length spanning approximately 10–15 ​km and a duration ranging between 8 and 10 ​s. The earthquake's magnitude varied from <em>M</em> 5.9 to <em>M</em> 6.2. The demarcated high-intensity areas, as per our intensity assessment, align closely with the actual survey results. Furthermore, the predicted total casualties and identified critical rescue zones closely match the real-world casualty figures. These insights offer crucial technical support for governmental emergency command and rescue operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100384,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Research Advances","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141037375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Site classification methodology using support vector machine: A study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2024.100294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqrea.2024.100294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The site effect is a crucial factor when analyzing seismic risk and establishing ground motion attenuation relationships. A number of countries have introduced building site classification into earthquake-resistant design codes to account for local site effects on ground motion. However, most site classification indicators rely on drilling data, which is often expensive and requires considerable manpower. As a result, the less detailed drilling data may lead to an undetermined site category of numerous stations. In this study, a Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm-based site classification model was trained to address this issue using strong ground motion data and site data from KiK-net and K-net. The classification model used the average HVSR curve of the labeled site and the combined inputs, including frequency, peak, “prominence, and “sharpness” extracted from the curve. The SVM classification model has an accuracy of 76.12% on the test set, with recall rates of 82.69%, 75%, and 63.64% for sites I, II, and III, respectively. The precision rates are 75.44%, 73.77%, and 87.50%, respectively, with F1 scores of 78.90%, 74.38%, and 73.68%. For sites without significant peaks in the HVSR curve, the HVSR curve value was used as the characteristic parameter (input), and the SVM-based site classification model was also trained. The accuracy of class I and II is 75.86%. The results of this study show higher recall and accuracy rates than those obtained using the spectral ratio curve matching method and GRNN method, indicating a better classification performance. Finally, the generalization ability of the model was verified using some basic stations in Xinjiang deployed by the “National Seismic Intensity Rapid Reporting and Early Warning Project”. The SVM-based site classification model that employs strong motion data can provide more reliable classification results for sites without detailed borehole information, and the site classification results can serve as a reference for probing ground motion attenuation relationships, ground motion simulation, and seismic fortification considering the site effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100384,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Research Advances","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140269571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}