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Noise and mixing properties of high-Tc Josephson junctions at W-band frequencies w波段高tc约瑟夫森结的噪声和混频特性
Applied Superconductivity Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00030-7
O. Harnack , M. Darula , H. Andoh , S. Beuven , H. Kohlstedt
{"title":"Noise and mixing properties of high-Tc Josephson junctions at W-band frequencies","authors":"O. Harnack ,&nbsp;M. Darula ,&nbsp;H. Andoh ,&nbsp;S. Beuven ,&nbsp;H. Kohlstedt","doi":"10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00030-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00030-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We report on the noise and Josephson mixing properties of high-<em>T</em><sub>c</sub><span> superconductor<span> (HTS) Josephson junctions. Direct radiation measurements and heterodyne mixing experiments in the frequency range 45–141 GHz have been performed by using YBa</span></span><sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7−<em>x</em></sub> (YBCO) step-edge junctions (SEJ) on LaAlO<sub>3</sub><span><span> and MgO and bicrystal junctions (BCJ) on MgO substrates. Junctions with current voltage characteristics (CVC) close to predictions of the resistivity shunted junction (RSJ) model were mounted into a high sensitive radiometer system. From </span>linewidth measurements we calculated an effective noise temperature of our junctions. In heterodyne mixing experiments we obtained conversion efficiencies around −14 dB in the 11 GHz intermediate frequency (IF) band under the radiation of two monochromatic signals. In the fundamental mixing regime we observed response at IF at working temperatures up to 72</span> <span><span>K. The measured receiver and mixer noise temperature of the Josephson mixer at 94 GHz </span>local oscillator (LO) frequency, an IF of 1.4 GHz and at a working temperature of 10</span> <!-->K was 4700 and 3400<!--> <!-->K, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100110,"journal":{"name":"Applied Superconductivity","volume":"6 10","pages":"Pages 689-697"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00030-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84252456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Index 指数
Applied Superconductivity Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00055-1
{"title":"Index","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00055-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00055-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100110,"journal":{"name":"Applied Superconductivity","volume":"6 10","pages":"Pages ix-xi"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00055-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136553262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Multilayer high-tc superconductor sampler circuit 多层高温超导取样电路
Applied Superconductivity Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00019-8
M. Hidaka, H. Terai, T. Satoh, S. Tahara
{"title":"Multilayer high-tc superconductor sampler circuit","authors":"M. Hidaka,&nbsp;H. Terai,&nbsp;T. Satoh,&nbsp;S. Tahara","doi":"10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00019-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00019-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>We designed and measured a high-Tc superconductor sampler circuit based on ramp-edge junctions with an upper-layer groundplane. Undesirable current distributions as a result of parasitic inductance occurred in the circuit. We experimentally observed that about 30% of signal and feedback current distributed to the control line of the read-out SQUID. During sampler operation, we avoided the effect of distributed current by selecting a suitable detection timing for output voltage and we successfully measured a signal </span>current waveform using the circuit at 50</span> <!-->K.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100110,"journal":{"name":"Applied Superconductivity","volume":"6 10","pages":"Pages 615-619"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00019-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77690331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
High-resolution magnetoneurography 高分辨率magnetoneurography
Applied Superconductivity Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00013-7
M Burghoff , B.-M Mackert , W Haberkorn , G Curio , L Trahms
{"title":"High-resolution magnetoneurography","authors":"M Burghoff ,&nbsp;B.-M Mackert ,&nbsp;W Haberkorn ,&nbsp;G Curio ,&nbsp;L Trahms","doi":"10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00013-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00013-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Low noise dc-SQUID systems allow noninvasive measurements of magnetic fields generated by electric currents in human peripheral nerves. High-resolution magnetoneurography techniques were used to detect the magnetic fields of stimulated leg nerves with amplitudes of only 10–20<!--> <!-->fT over the lower spine. A signal-to-noise ratio of about 10 was achieved after a special designed signal processing routine which was sufficient for an analysis of the source current, i.e. in particular the estimation of its location, strength, and spatial extent.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100110,"journal":{"name":"Applied Superconductivity","volume":"6 10","pages":"Pages 567-575"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00013-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82056717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Design and testing of data-driven self-timed RSFQ shift register 数据驱动的自定时RSFQ移位寄存器的设计和测试
Applied Superconductivity Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00015-0
Z. John Deng , Nobuyuki Yoshikawa , Stephen R. Whiteley , Theodore Van Duzer
{"title":"Design and testing of data-driven self-timed RSFQ shift register","authors":"Z. John Deng ,&nbsp;Nobuyuki Yoshikawa ,&nbsp;Stephen R. Whiteley ,&nbsp;Theodore Van Duzer","doi":"10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00015-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00015-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>We report design, implementation and testing of a superconductive rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ) shift register based on a data-driven self-timed (DDST) architecture, and demonstrated the validity of this asynchronous design approach. In the DDST architecture, a clock signal is localized within the basic modules, and complementary data signals are used between the modules to transmit timing information. A larger system is simply an array of the basic modules and no extra timing consideration is required. Monte Carlo analysis on a 4-bit DDST shift register has shown that a 40-kbit shift register operating at 20</span> <span>GHz can be built by using the present Nb Josephson technology. We have observed fully correct operation of a cascade of two 4-bit DDST shift registers with dc bias voltage margin of ±15% at low frequency and ±10% at 20</span> <!-->GHz.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100110,"journal":{"name":"Applied Superconductivity","volume":"6 10","pages":"Pages 585-589"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00015-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81158040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Superconducting sigma-delta analog-to-digital converters 超导σ - δ模数转换器
Applied Superconductivity Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00025-3
Donald L. Miller, John X. Przybysz, A.Hodge Worsham, Andrew H. Miklich
{"title":"Superconducting sigma-delta analog-to-digital converters","authors":"Donald L. Miller,&nbsp;John X. Przybysz,&nbsp;A.Hodge Worsham,&nbsp;Andrew H. Miklich","doi":"10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00025-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00025-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The sigma-delta architecture is the method of choice for designers and manufacturers of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) for high dynamic range applications. This architecture uses oversampling and precise feedback to generate a shaped spectral distribution of the </span>quantization noise<span>. Subsequent digital filtering suppresses out of band quantization noise, yielding a large signal to in-band noise ratio. This permits the use of quantizers with only a few bits of resolution, most applications use single-bit quantizers. A unique advantage of superconducting electronics is the availability of the flux quantum which can be used to provide quantum mechanically accurate feedback at GHz rates. Josephson digital technology extends the realm of sigma-delta ADCs from MHz sampling rates to GHz sampling rates, from kHz signal bandwidths to MHz signal bandwidths, with comparable or better dynamic range when compared to semiconductor implementations. This paper presents circuits for Josephson sigma-delta ADCs, including single-loop, and double-loop modulators, circuits for quantized feedback, and digital data processing. Experimental results of a double-loop modulator sampling at 1.28 GHz are reported.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100110,"journal":{"name":"Applied Superconductivity","volume":"6 10","pages":"Pages 657-661"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00025-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87063494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Noise measurements of single electron transistors using a transimpedance amplifier1 用透阻放大器测量单电子晶体管的噪声
Applied Superconductivity Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00051-4
B. Starmark, P. Delsing, D.B. Haviland, T. Claeson
{"title":"Noise measurements of single electron transistors using a transimpedance amplifier1","authors":"B. Starmark,&nbsp;P. Delsing,&nbsp;D.B. Haviland,&nbsp;T. Claeson","doi":"10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00051-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00051-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We have measured a single electron transistor (SET) using a transimpedance amplifier which increases the bandwidth of the SET by two orders of magnitude compared to the conventional voltage sensitive amplifier. Using this amplifier to measure the properties of the SET we find a bandwidth of 6.2<!--> <!-->kHz and measure the SET noise density up to 1<!--> <!-->kHz. The noise is δ<em>Q</em><sub><em>n</em></sub>≈3.9×10<sup>−5</sup> <em>e</em>/<span><math><mtext>Hz</mtext></math></span> at 300<!--> <!-->Hz.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100110,"journal":{"name":"Applied Superconductivity","volume":"6 10","pages":"Pages 837-841"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00051-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89420536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Picosecond nodal testing of centimeter-size superconducting Nb microstrip interconnects 厘米级超导铌微带互连的皮秒节点测试
Applied Superconductivity Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00048-4
Marc Currie, Chia-Chi Wang, Roman Sobolewski, Thomas Y Hsiang
{"title":"Picosecond nodal testing of centimeter-size superconducting Nb microstrip interconnects","authors":"Marc Currie,&nbsp;Chia-Chi Wang,&nbsp;Roman Sobolewski,&nbsp;Thomas Y Hsiang","doi":"10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00048-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00048-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We have implemented a low-temperature electro-optic sampling system for non-invasive, nodal testing of superconducting Nb integrated circuits. With submillivolt sensitivity and a subpicosecond temporal response, this system has been used to perform nodal analysis on rapid-single-flux quantum (RSFQ) devices and superconducting microstrip interconnects. Here we demonstrate that by measuring the propagation of 6-ps-wide pulses at various test nodes, we are able to fully characterize a superconducting microstrip waveguide the size of an entire chip. The transmission line was selected not only to perform the first complete characterization of a superconducting microstrip, but also to demonstrate full nodal testing of a foundry-fabricated RSFQ integrated circuit. Finally, our results provided much-needed feedback for improving computer simulations of superconducting digital circuits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100110,"journal":{"name":"Applied Superconductivity","volume":"6 10","pages":"Pages 817-821"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00048-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78217155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
10 K NbN ADC for IR sensor applications 用于红外传感器应用的10k NbN ADC
Applied Superconductivity Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00037-X
D. Durand , B. Dalrymple , L. Eaton , J. Spargo , M. Wire , M. Dowdy , M. Ressler
{"title":"10 K NbN ADC for IR sensor applications","authors":"D. Durand ,&nbsp;B. Dalrymple ,&nbsp;L. Eaton ,&nbsp;J. Spargo ,&nbsp;M. Wire ,&nbsp;M. Dowdy ,&nbsp;M. Ressler","doi":"10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00037-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00037-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The authors report the design, fabrication and test results of a 12-bit NbN SFQ counting A/D converter operating at 9 to 10<!--> <span><span>K and its insertion into a test IR focal plane array sensor system. The NbN IC is based on a linearized SQUID front-end which generates SFQ pulses at a frequency proportional to the signal. A gated SFQ counter integrates the signal over the sample time and the data is driven off chip through a serializing latching voltage state logic (MVTL) output shift register. The TRW A/D converter chip has been packaged and inserted into an IR focal plane array sensor test facility, or test bed, at the NASA </span>Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The entire system has been successfully demonstrated producing IR images at 100</span> <!-->frames/s with the NbN A/D converter operating at 9<!--> <!-->K, dissipating 0.3<!--> <!-->mW. Performance of the A/D converter chip, the package including magnetic shielding and medium/high speed signal I/O, and the integrated test bed system are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100110,"journal":{"name":"Applied Superconductivity","volume":"6 10","pages":"Pages 741-750"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00037-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72598708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Excess low-frequency noise in YBCO rf SQUIDs in weak magnetic fields 弱磁场中YBCO射频乌贼的过量低频噪声
Applied Superconductivity Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00027-7
C.P. Foley, S. Lam, K.E. Leslie, K-H. Müller, R.A. Binks, L. Macks, G.J. Sloggett
{"title":"Excess low-frequency noise in YBCO rf SQUIDs in weak magnetic fields","authors":"C.P. Foley,&nbsp;S. Lam,&nbsp;K.E. Leslie,&nbsp;K-H. Müller,&nbsp;R.A. Binks,&nbsp;L. Macks,&nbsp;G.J. Sloggett","doi":"10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00027-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00027-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Thin-film HTS SQUIDs operated at 77<!--> <span>K and exposed to weak magnetic fields exhibit significant excess low-frequency noise arising from thermally-activated hopping of flux trapped in the superconducting film. We report an investigation of the dependence of this phenomenon on SQUID design and fabrication, measurement conditions and magnetic field history. The level of excess noise was directly related to the amount of flux penetrating the SQUID, and consequently was worse in large SQUIDs than in small SQUIDs due to the greater flux focussing of the larger SQUID. In SQUID fabrication, good film quality (high </span><em>J</em><sub>c</sub>) was found to be essential to minimize low frequency noise and careful patterning was required to avoid degrading the film. The method of cooling the SQUID was found to strongly affect the level of excess noise, with cooling in the magnetic field in which the SQUID was to be operated being preferable to zero-field cooling. The excess noise was typically 10 pTHz<sup>−1/2</sup> at 1<!--> <!-->Hz for 150 pH rf washer SQUIDs having a white noise floor of about 1 pTHz<sup>−1/2</sup> operated in an applied field of 50 <em>μ</em>T.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100110,"journal":{"name":"Applied Superconductivity","volume":"6 10","pages":"Pages 669-673"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00027-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73913008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
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