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SQUID measurements of human nerve and muscle near-dc injury-currents using a mechanical modulation of the source position SQUID测量人体神经和肌肉近直流损伤电流，使用机械调制源位置
Applied Superconductivity Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00012-5
G. Wübbeler , J. Mackert , F. Armbrust , M. Burghoff , B.-M. Mackert , K.-D. Wolff , J. Ramsbacher , G. Curio , L. Trahms
{"title":"SQUID measurements of human nerve and muscle near-dc injury-currents using a mechanical modulation of the source position","authors":"G. Wübbeler ,&nbsp;J. Mackert ,&nbsp;F. Armbrust ,&nbsp;M. Burghoff ,&nbsp;B.-M. Mackert ,&nbsp;K.-D. Wolff ,&nbsp;J. Ramsbacher ,&nbsp;G. Curio ,&nbsp;L. Trahms","doi":"10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00012-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00012-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Near-dc ionic currents arise after injury of nerves. The detection of their concomitant magnetic fields requires new techniques, to be applied in the growing field of biomagnetic measurement technology. The mechanical modulation of the source-to-detector distance enables monitoring of such slowly varying magnetic fields. In this report we describe technical details of the modulation device, including signal processing and system performance. The functionality of the device is demonstrated with an investigation on an <em>in vitro</em> human nerve specimen and with an <em>in vivo</em> investigation, performed with a patient undergoing a diagnostically indicated muscle biopsy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100110,"journal":{"name":"Applied Superconductivity","volume":"6 10","pages":"Pages 559-565"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00012-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"111932581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Optically-induced effects in Y–ba–cu–O Josephson junctions Y-ba-cu-O Josephson结的光诱导效应
Applied Superconductivity Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00039-3
Roman Adam , Roman Sobolewski , Wilhelm Markowitsch , Christian Stockinger , Wolfgang Lang
{"title":"Optically-induced effects in Y–ba–cu–O Josephson junctions","authors":"Roman Adam ,&nbsp;Roman Sobolewski ,&nbsp;Wilhelm Markowitsch ,&nbsp;Christian Stockinger ,&nbsp;Wolfgang Lang","doi":"10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00039-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00039-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We report our studies on light-induced changes in electrical properties of YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub><em>x</em></sub> (YBCO) grain-boundary Josephson weak links. We discuss the erasable process (photodoping), in which light-induced enhancement of junctions properties at low temperatures relaxes back above 250<!--> <!-->K. Our studies are focused on the junction critical current versus time, light intensity, and magnetic field measurements. In tested few-<em>μ</em>m-wide step-edge junctions, photodoping manifested itself as above 50% increase of the critical current and the decrease of the junction magnetic penetration depth, leading to reduction of the effective junction width. Contrary to the photodoping effect, the high-intensity laser modification of junctions led to permanent modification of their electrical characteristics that remained unchanged after subsequent room-temperature/helium thermal cycling of the sample. The laser-modified junctions exhibited up to 25% increase of the critical current times normal-state resistance product.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100110,"journal":{"name":"Applied Superconductivity","volume":"6 10","pages":"Pages 759-765"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00039-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73029840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Investigation of basic elements and devices in multilayer technology for HTS digital RSFQ circuits HTS数字RSFQ电路多层技术的基本元件和器件研究
Applied Superconductivity Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00031-9
B. Ruck, Y. Chong, G. Wahl, R. Dittmann, C. Horstmann, A. Engelhardt, B. Oelze, E. Sodtke
{"title":"Investigation of basic elements and devices in multilayer technology for HTS digital RSFQ circuits","authors":"B. Ruck,&nbsp;Y. Chong,&nbsp;G. Wahl,&nbsp;R. Dittmann,&nbsp;C. Horstmann,&nbsp;A. Engelhardt,&nbsp;B. Oelze,&nbsp;E. Sodtke","doi":"10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00031-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00031-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Complex high temperature superconductor digital RSFQ circuits require a multilayer technology that is compatible with freely positionable </span>Josephson junctions. For RSFQ circuits, especially small inductances are required. This can be achieved by using superconducting </span>striplines<span><span><span> on a YBCO groundplane. We have produced and examined all basic elements like, e.g., superconducting cross-overs, vias, pinhole free insulation layers<span> and on-chip resistors that are necessary to design and fabricate HTS RSFQ circuits. All structures have been successfully tested and integrated with ramp type junctions with PBCO barriers. For the superconducting lines over the groundplane an inductance of 0.8 pH/square was measured which shows the advantage of a superconducting groundplane. Based on this technology we fabricated a simple multilayer circuit consisting of two magnetically coupled d.c.-SQUIDs. Here we used </span></span>bicrystal junction stacks due to the smaller spread of junction parameters. The circuit allowed essential operations like generating, erasing and detecting a single flux quantum. One d.c.-SQUID served as storage loop while the other was kept permanently in the voltage state and was used to determine the </span>internal flux state of the storage loop.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100110,"journal":{"name":"Applied Superconductivity","volume":"6 10","pages":"Pages 699-704"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00031-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78504940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Electromigration study of SNS ramp edge Josephson junctions SNS斜坡边Josephson结的电迁移研究
Applied Superconductivity Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00005-8
J.P Sydow , D Chamberlain , R.A Buhrman , K Char , B.H Moeckly
{"title":"Electromigration study of SNS ramp edge Josephson junctions","authors":"J.P Sydow ,&nbsp;D Chamberlain ,&nbsp;R.A Buhrman ,&nbsp;K Char ,&nbsp;B.H Moeckly","doi":"10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00005-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00005-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We report on the effects of electromigration of basal plane oxygen vacancies on SNS ramp edge Josephson junctions where the N-layer is YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>2.79</sub>Co<sub>0.21</sub>O<sub>7−<em>δ</em></sub>, a doped version of the YBCO electrodes. Through the application of a 4–10 mA (∼2–5 MA/cm<sup>2</sup>) current bias at room temperature, the basal plane oxygen order and content in the N and S layers were improved. This is demonstrated by an increase in <em>I</em><sub>c</sub><em>R</em><sub>n</sub> from &lt;5<!--> <em>μ</em>V, to as much as 205<!--> <em>μ</em>V. The implications of these results on SNS junction fabrication, and the nature of tunneling in such devices are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100110,"journal":{"name":"Applied Superconductivity","volume":"6 10","pages":"Pages 511-517"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00005-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85505711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Bit error rate experiments in ring-shaped RSFQ circuits 环形RSFQ电路误码率实验
Applied Superconductivity Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00034-4
M.I. Khabipov , W. Kessel, F.-Im. Buchholz, R. Dolata, J. Niemeyer
{"title":"Bit error rate experiments in ring-shaped RSFQ circuits","authors":"M.I. Khabipov ,&nbsp;W. Kessel,&nbsp;F.-Im. Buchholz,&nbsp;R. Dolata,&nbsp;J. Niemeyer","doi":"10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00034-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00034-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ring-shaped rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ) circuits composed of segments of Josephson transmission lines (JTLs) and other RSFQ circuits enable permanent SFQ pulse circulation. New ring structures of different designs have been realized which comprise T-flipflop (TFF) and multiplier (MULT) circuits. Reliability in circuit operation has been proven experimentally by a bit error rate <em>BER</em>≅10<sup>−16</sup>. The fabrication process has been optimized by using PTB-4<!--> <em>μ</em>m Nb/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–Al/Nb trilayer technology with externally shunted tunnel junctions of critical current densities of <em>j</em><sub>c</sub>=≅1<!--> <!-->kA/cm<sup>2</sup>. Characteristic voltage is <em>V</em><sub>c</sub>=250<!--> <em>μ</em>V and Steward–McCumber parameter <em>β</em><sub>c</sub><span>≤1. A linear dependence of pulse circulation frequency on JTL bias currents has been measured within a bias current interval of 20%.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100110,"journal":{"name":"Applied Superconductivity","volume":"6 10","pages":"Pages 719-725"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00034-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80773339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Tunneling spectroscopy of high-Tc superconductors 高温超导体的隧穿光谱
Applied Superconductivity Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00042-3
L Alff , A Marx , R Gross , A Beck , H Takashima , S Kashiwaya , M Koyanagi , Y Tanaka
{"title":"Tunneling spectroscopy of high-Tc superconductors","authors":"L Alff ,&nbsp;A Marx ,&nbsp;R Gross ,&nbsp;A Beck ,&nbsp;H Takashima ,&nbsp;S Kashiwaya ,&nbsp;M Koyanagi ,&nbsp;Y Tanaka","doi":"10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00042-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00042-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We have performed tunneling spectroscopy experiments on different kinds of high-temperature superconductors (HTS) and different types of junctions. Firstly, spectra were taken on surfaces of YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7-<em>δ</em></sub><span> (YBCO) thin films and Nd</span><sub>1.85</sub>Ce<sub>0.15</sub>CuO<sub>4-<em>y</em></sub><span> (NCCO) single crystals by low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (LTSTM/S) in a superconductor-insulator-normal metal (SIN) configuration. Second, the tunneling spectra of grain-boundary junctions (GBJs) fabricated on bicrystal substrates were measured for the materials YBCO, La</span><sub>1.85</sub>Sr<sub>0.15</sub>CuO<sub>4-<em>δ</em></sub> (LSCO), Bi<sub>2</sub>Sr<sub>2</sub>CaCu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8+<em>δ</em></sub><span> (BSCCO) and NCCO in a SIS configuration. The characteristics of the spectra in both systems could be related to the symmetry of the order parameter in the superconducting electrode(s). In particular, a zero bias conductance peak (ZBCP) was observed only in systems with a d-wave symmetry, but was completely absent in the s-wave system NCCO.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100110,"journal":{"name":"Applied Superconductivity","volume":"6 10","pages":"Pages 783-787"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00042-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84111969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Real-time measurements on a four stage RSFQ-counter with Nb–Al2O3–Nb Josephson junctions 实时测量的四级rsfq计数器与Nb-Al2O3-Nb约瑟夫森结
Applied Superconductivity Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00011-3
W. Benzing, M. Biehl, E. Crocoll, R. Koch, M. Neuhaus, T. Scherer, W. Jutzi
{"title":"Real-time measurements on a four stage RSFQ-counter with Nb–Al2O3–Nb Josephson junctions","authors":"W. Benzing,&nbsp;M. Biehl,&nbsp;E. Crocoll,&nbsp;R. Koch,&nbsp;M. Neuhaus,&nbsp;T. Scherer,&nbsp;W. Jutzi","doi":"10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00011-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00011-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>RSFQ-toggle-flipflops with a SFQ-trigger circuit a Josephson transmission line at the input and a SFQ/dc-circuit at the output of each stage are implemented in the Nb–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><span>–Nb Josephson junction<span> technology on a single chip having coplanar wave guides at input and output. The counter is tested successfully at 4.2</span></span> <span>K via coplanar/coaxial transitions using a bit pattern generator<span> and a digital oscilloscope at room temperature up to </span></span><em>f</em><sub>I</sub>≈2<!--> <span>GHz pulse repetition frequency at the input. The highest test frequency </span><em>f</em><sub>I</sub> is limited by the available pattern generator.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100110,"journal":{"name":"Applied Superconductivity","volume":"6 10","pages":"Pages 553-557"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00011-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74122876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
DC SQUID-based position detector for gravitational experiments 基于直流squid的重力实验位置探测器
Applied Superconductivity Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00040-X
W. Vodel, S. Nietzsche, H. Koch, Glyscinski J.v. Zameck
{"title":"DC SQUID-based position detector for gravitational experiments","authors":"W. Vodel,&nbsp;S. Nietzsche,&nbsp;H. Koch,&nbsp;Glyscinski J.v. Zameck","doi":"10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00040-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00040-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Experiments like the test of the weak equivalence principle at the Bremen drop-tower, Germany, and STEP (Satellite Test of the Equivalence Principle) require a position detector with an extremely high resolution to measure tiny displacements of free falling test bodies.</p><p>In order to develop a SQUID position detector numerous configurations of test bodies and pick-up coils with different geometries were tested experimentally. As a function of the position of the test body the inductance of the pick-up coil was measured with a commercial LCR meter as well as with a LTS DC SQUID system. This SQUID system, which is developed and manufactured at the Jena University, provides high sensitivity and extremely low intrinsic noise, especially at low frequencies.</p><p>This contribution will also discuss some recent results in measuring the motion of one body during its free fall over 109<!--> <!-->m at the Bremen drop-tower.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100110,"journal":{"name":"Applied Superconductivity","volume":"6 10","pages":"Pages 767-775"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00040-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81396669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Josephson array oscillator with microstrip resonators for submillimeter wave region 带微带谐振器的约瑟夫森阵列亚毫米波振荡器
Applied Superconductivity Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00045-9
Akira Kawakami, Yoshinori Uzawa, Zhen Wang
{"title":"Josephson array oscillator with microstrip resonators for submillimeter wave region","authors":"Akira Kawakami,&nbsp;Yoshinori Uzawa,&nbsp;Zhen Wang","doi":"10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00045-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00045-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Shunted tunnel junctions with a small parasitic inductance have been developed for improving the operating frequency of Josephson array oscillators. The inductance was minimized by reducing the inductive length to 1<!--> <em>μ</em>m and was estimated to be about 40<!--> <!-->fH. The analysis of resonant properties for the shunted junctions gave a high resonant frequency up to 1.4<!--> <!-->THz. Josephson array oscillators were designed and fabricated to operate at near Nb gap frequency (700<!--> <!-->GHz) using 11 shunted Nb/AlO<em>x</em>/Nb tunnel junctions with Nb microstrip resonators. Shapiro steps induced by Josephson oscillation were clearly observed above the Nb gap frequency (up to 830<!--> <span>GHz). By fitting the step height to the simulation result using the RLCSJ model, the output power of the Josephson oscillator to the load resistor was estimated to be about 0.1</span> <em>μ</em>W at 680<!--> <!-->GHz.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100110,"journal":{"name":"Applied Superconductivity","volume":"6 10","pages":"Pages 799-803"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00045-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82940362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ultralow temperature NMR detection using dc SQUIDs 使用直流squid进行超低温核磁共振检测
Applied Superconductivity Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00038-1
S.L. Thomasson , C.M. Gould
{"title":"Ultralow temperature NMR detection using dc SQUIDs","authors":"S.L. Thomasson ,&nbsp;C.M. Gould","doi":"10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00038-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00038-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments at ultralow temperatures place high demands on superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) amplifiers. We have developed a suitable direct-coupled readout SQUID electronics system, which utilizes additional positive feedback (APF), and have achieved a system bandwidth of 5<!--> <span>MHz, maximum slew rate of 1.3×10</span><sup>7</sup> <!-->Φ<sub>0</sub>/s at 14<!--> <!-->kHz and a white noise level of 3.4<!--> <em>μ</em>Φ<sub>0</sub>/<span><math><mtext>Hz</mtext></math></span>. We have also investigated improving the signal-to-noise ratio by using a low noise series array of dc SQUIDs and by placing the SQUID amplifier closer to the ultralow temperature experiment. We will discuss how we have configured our SQUID amplifiers for operation at <em>T</em>≪1<!--> <!-->K.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100110,"journal":{"name":"Applied Superconductivity","volume":"6 10","pages":"Pages 751-757"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0964-1807(99)00038-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89898294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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