Applications in Energy and Combustion Science最新文献

{"title":"Research progress on thermochemical conversion technologies for hydrogen production from waste plastics","authors":"Jiahui Zhu ,&nbsp;Ning Cai ,&nbsp;Chuanwen Zhao ,&nbsp;Haiping Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermochemical conversion of waste plastics presents a pivotal strategy for simultaneously addressing global plastic pollution and clean hydrogen demand. This review provides a systematic synthesis of established pathways, including catalytic pyrolysis and gasification, alongside emerging electrification technologies such as microwave-assisted conversion and Flash Joule Heating (FJH). Beyond descriptive summaries, we strictly benchmark these routes regarding hydrogen yield, energy efficiency, and techno-economic viability. The analysis reveals distinct trade-offs: while gasification currently offers the lowest levelized cost due to economies of scale, emerging electrified pathways demonstrate superior specific energy efficiency and potential negative production costs via high-value co-products. Critical technical bottlenecks are critically examined, with a focus on deciphering catalyst deactivation mechanisms—specifically coking and heteroatom poisoning—and evaluating scale-up constraints based on industrial pilot cases. Furthermore, by integrating insights from Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), we clarify the divergence between economic drivers and environmental benefits. The review concludes by proposing a forward-looking strategic framework that prioritizes impurity-tolerant reactor designs and continuous process integration, aiming to bridge the gap between laboratory technical potential and sustainable industrial realization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100451"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A latent variable framework for handling detailed chemistry in reacting flows","authors":"Eva Muñoz ,&nbsp;Mohammad Rafi Malik ,&nbsp;Alberto Cuoci ,&nbsp;Hong G. Im ,&nbsp;Alessandro Parente","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Combustion involves multiple scales and intricate physical processes that make its simulation extremely demanding in terms of computational resources. To overcome this challenge, reduced-order models are essential for improving our understanding of the process and speeding up simulations. This work introduces a latent variable (LV) transport framework and demonstrates its compression capabilities through 0D batch reactor simulations. To improve solver efficiency and numerical stability, we introduce <em>projected tolerances</em>, which scale the ODE solver tolerances in the latent space, significantly improving numerical stability and computational efficiency compared to traditional <em>fixed tolerance</em> approaches.</div><div>The methodology is validated on 0D simulations using methane, propane, and n-heptane combustion with detailed and lumped kinetic mechanisms. Results show that the LV solver achieves substantial computational cost reductions (up to 50%) while preserving solution accuracy. We further analyse the influence of kinetic mechanisms, demonstrating that detailed mechanisms benefit the most from latent space compression due to their higher dimensionality.</div><div>The proposed LV framework offers a robust and efficient alternative to conventional solvers for detailed kinetics and establishes a foundation for its extension to multidimensional reactive flow simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100430"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145651982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of municipal solid waste gasification for hydrogen production: Influencing factors, novel technologies, and engineering prospects","authors":"Yongfeng Jiang ,&nbsp;Zixuan Yuan ,&nbsp;Hao Jiang,&nbsp;Hao Song,&nbsp;Qiang Hu,&nbsp;Jiageng Xia,&nbsp;Haiping Yang,&nbsp;Hanping Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2026.100456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2026.100456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid growth of municipal solid waste (MSW) has posed severe environmental challenges, making its safe and resource-efficient disposal crucial for urban sustainable development. Gasification technology offers a promising route for the high-value utilization of MSW by converting it into hydrogen-rich syngas that can be used for power generation, heating, or the production of high-purity H₂ fuels. However, the heterogeneous and variable composition of MSW complicates gasification, while the coupled effects of operating parameters on H₂ formation remain insufficiently understood. Moreover, a systematic understanding that integrates feedstock characteristics, process optimization, and emerging gasification technologies for efficient H₂ generation is still lacking. Therefore, this review systematically summarizes the fundamental characteristics of MSW, the pyrolysis and gasification behaviors of MSW and products characteristics. Key process parameters affecting hydrogen production, including gasifying agents, reaction temperature, residence time, and catalyst type, are critically analyzed. In addition, recent advances in novel heating-assisted gasification technologies, including plasma, Joule heating, electromagnetic induction heating, and microwave heating, are reviewed, together with novel processes such as chemical looping gasification. Finally, large-scale industrial applications of MSW gasification and the recent syngas purification methods for pure H₂ production are summarized, followed by an outlook on the future development trends and research priorities for MSW gasification toward sustainable hydrogen production. This review is expected to provide valuable guidance for the process optimization, development of novel gasification technologies, and engineering application of MSW gasification technology for hydrogen production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100456"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A modeling study on the combustion characteristics of alcohol/diesel dual fuel counterflow flame","authors":"Pourya Rahnama ,&nbsp;Ricardo Novella ,&nbsp;Bart Somers","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2026.100460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2026.100460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study combines a 0D Well Stirred Reactor (WSR), 1D counterflow flame, experimental data, and a 1D gas dynamic model to create an integrated modeling tool to study the dual fuel combustion behavior in engine-relevant conditions, fueled with E85 and diesel fuels. First, the performance of a reduced chemical kinetic mechanism is studied, and the most important reactions are identified. Subsequently, the validated mechanism is utilized to investigate ignition and flame propagation characteristics, and to analyze the combustion mode in different thermal and compositional stratification levels. The results reveal that under the studied operating conditions, auto-ignition of the background mixture was unlikely due to long ignition delay times compared to experimental combustion durations. Instead, the combustion mode is more of a partially premixed flame and diffusive combustion influenced by reactivity and thermal stratification. The effects of thermal stratification revealed that at higher temperatures of the background mixture, the location of the most reactive mixture fractions moves to the richer sides. Notably, low-temperature ignition behavior reflects the existence of cool flame chemistry near the stoichiometric zone, where intermediate species like formaldehyde form before full heat release occurs. When the oxidizer temperature increases further, a secondary, most reactive mixture fraction can be observed on the oxidizer (lean) side. Temperature and heat release rate profiles also revealed that at lower oxidizer temperatures, the heat release rate shows more traditional diffusive combustion behavior. However, at elevated temperatures, the secondary heat release rate, which corresponds to flame propagation, becomes more prominent. Increasing the ratio of E85 to diesel also influences the partially premixed flame propagation and its heat release. When the oxidizer temperature or E85 content is increased, the location of the secondary heat release moves further away to the oxidizer side, away from the stoichiometric region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100460"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic ejection phenomenon and modeling of velocity driven by internal pressure in thermal runaway of high-capacity NCM523 lithium-ion batteries: Advancing safety design and fire accident investigation","authors":"Yiming Qin ,&nbsp;Zhaoyang Liu ,&nbsp;Ye Sun ,&nbsp;Hongquan Ye ,&nbsp;Qianran Zhou ,&nbsp;Qinzheng Wang ,&nbsp;Xuning Feng ,&nbsp;Huaibin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2026.100467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2026.100467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the wide application of new energy vehicles, thermal runaway and combustion behavior of lithium-ion batteries have become key safety issues. The dynamic characteristics of thermal runaway jet fire eruption,such as eruption behavior and Particle Ejection Velocit,directly determine the fire diffusion risk and prevention and control efficiency. In this paper, by studying the jet behavior of 50Ah Li(Ni_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3)O₂ batteries, combined with high-speed imaging, temperature measurement and pressure monitoring technology, the evolution law of jet is systematically analyzed, and the specific process, temperature and velocity of jet are analyzed. The jet process is divided into four processes, and a prediction model for estimating the Particle Ejection Velocit by internal pressure is established. This study reveals the key physical characteristics of the battery thermal runaway jet, which provides technical support and data reference for the safety design of ternary lithium-ion batteries and the traceability and cause analysis of lithium-ion battery accidents based on the jet behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100467"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of pocket formation in the extinction of methane flames subject to strong turbulence","authors":"Patrick A. Meagher ,&nbsp;Samuel Calello III ,&nbsp;Xinyu Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite extensive studies of local and global extinction, it remains unclear how local flame dynamics contribute to the global evolution of a turbulent flame at large Karlovitz numbers. Furthermore, the extent to which canonical laminar flame properties, such as laminar flame speed and extinction strain rate, govern the behavior of highly turbulent flames is not yet well understood. Unique to these conditions is the formation of isolated Product-in-Fuel (PiF) pockets from an initially continuous flame surface. The present study proposes that local extinctions are coupled to the global ignition or extinction of a turbulent flame through the PiF pocket mechanism. Direct numerical simulations of a methane/air flame kernel subject to homogeneous isotropic turbulence at Karlovitz numbers larger than 100 are conducted. A 17-species reduced mechanism derived from FFCM-1 is employed and later perturbed to conduct the parametric studies. The topology and evolution of the PiF pockets are quantified. The distribution of thermochemical states in spatial coordinates relative to the flame surface demonstrates that the quenching pockets serve to deposit sensible enthalpy, combustion products, and radicals (particularly CH<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>O) into the fresh mixture ahead of the flame. To evaluate the role of canonical flame properties on the pocket formation and flame evolution, the baseline methane/air chemical kinetics model is perturbed using a Monte Carlo method to generate modified reaction mechanisms that individually alter the laminar flame speed and extinction strain rate. The laminar flame speed is found to be the most relevant parameter for the current configuration, counteracting the turbulent deformation of the flame and ensuring the necessary product support for flame propagation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100450"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Advances in catalysts for production of renewable H2/CH4 by Aqueous Phase Reforming (APR) of biomass-derived oxygenates” [Applications in Energy and Combustion Science 24, December 2025, 100415]","authors":"Yuhan Liao ,&nbsp;Dan Wu ,&nbsp;Armin Rezayan ,&nbsp;Jun Zhao ,&nbsp;Chunbao Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100452","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100452"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Offline reinforcement learning for mitigating thermoacoustic instabilities in a laminar premixed flame","authors":"Juan Camilo Giraldo Delgado,&nbsp;Qi Wang,&nbsp;S. Mani Sarathy","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2026.100464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2026.100464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermoacoustic instabilities pose a significant challenge in combustion applications, leading to potential damage to rocket engines and gas turbines. Among various mitigation strategies, active control has been explored as a mean to decouple acoustics from heat release in combustion systems. Due to the highly nonlinear nature of thermoacoustic instabilities, machine learning methodologies have gained attention to enhance active control strategies. In particular, prior studies have shown that classical phase-shift control can be improved by adapting its parameters using Reinforcement Learning (RL). In this study, we investigated the application of Offline RL to leverage existing datasets for mitigating thermoacoustic instabilities in a laminar premixed flame. The methodology uses data collected from a closed-loop experimental setup operating under a phase-shift control strategy. The gain and time delay were recorded, and Implicit Q Learning (IQL) was then used to train a neural network (actor) to determine these parameters based on observations of chemiluminescence and pressure fluctuations in the flame. The training procedure was conducted offline, and upon experimental deployment, the trained neural network successfully reduced thermoacoustic instabilities. These results highlight the potential of Offline RL for combustion control applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100464"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards real-time digital twins of combustion systems via soft-clustered local reduced-order models","authors":"Chiara Novelli ,&nbsp;Alberto Procacci ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Giuntini ,&nbsp;Alessandro Piscopo ,&nbsp;Axel Coussement ,&nbsp;Alessandro Parente","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2026.100466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2026.100466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work introduces a methodology to develop reduced-order models (ROM) of combustion systems that addresses the challenges of nonlinearity and high dimensionality by combining soft clustering techniques with dimensionality-reduction and nonlinear regression. Clustering is routinely used to partition data into localized regions, allowing ROMs to better represent the system response within each zone. To avoid discontinuities at cluster interfaces, a soft clustering is introduced to allow for overlapping regions, resulting in smoother and more consistent predictions. The use of soft clustering provides an additional degree of flexibility compared to traditional hard-clustered ROM formulations. In each cluster, a local reduced-order model is built using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition to reduce the dimensionality, and Gaussian Process Regression to estimate the input–output relationship. The approach is validated using a dataset of 80 one-dimensional NH₃/H₂ laminar flames and a stagnation-point reverse-flow combustor fueled with the same mixture, using a dataset of 175 two-dimensional axisymmetric RANS simulations. Results demonstrate a significant improvement in predictive accuracy over traditional global and local reduced-order model approaches, with soft clustering enhancing model performance and reducing sharp gradients at cluster boundaries. This research contributes to the development of efficient reduced-order model frameworks for practical combustion systems, supporting the design and implementation of sustainable energy technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100466"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-sized boron composites energetic materials: Preparation, combustion and mechanism","authors":"Mingyu Li ,&nbsp;Ruixiao Li ,&nbsp;Vladimir Zarko ,&nbsp;Richard A. Yetter ,&nbsp;Zhongyue Zhou ,&nbsp;Weiqiang Pang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2026.100458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2026.100458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nano-sized boron (nB)-based composite energetic materials (CEMs) are an emerging class of high-energy-density fuels with excellent combustion performance, offering broad potential applications in space propulsion and explosives. In this paper, we review the various preparation techniques for nB-based CEMs (comparing their respective advantages and limitations) and discuss the combustion characteristics and reaction mechanisms of these materials, while also surveying current development trends and future challenges. Recent findings show that incorporating nB significantly improves the ignition characteristics, burning rates, and overall energy release efficiency of B-based energetic formulations. In particular, nB-based composites exhibit faster reaction kinetics, higher energy release rates, and greater gas generation than their micro-sized boron (μB) counterparts. These enhancements underscore the promise of nB-based CEMs for next-generation propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics, and existing research has already laid a solid foundation for further progress in designing such advanced energetic systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100458"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}