Applications in Energy and Combustion Science最新文献

{"title":"Progress in spontaneous ignition of hydrogen during high-pressure leakage with the considerations of pipeline storage and delivery","authors":"Xin-Yi Liu,&nbsp;Z.Y. Sun,&nbsp;Yao Yi","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-pressure pipeline storage presents a promising method for widespread and efficient hydrogen transfer. However, challenges arise in mitigating pressurized hydrogen leakage due to hydrogen embrittlement issues associated with conventional pipeline materials. Experimental findings indicate that pressurized hydrogen is prone to spontaneous combustion, even at relief pressures as low as approximately 2 MPa - well below the permissible pipeline pressure in most countries. Despite this, there remains a lack of consensus regarding the mechanism of spontaneous ignition from high-pressure hydrogen leakage, and current research in this area is deemed insufficient. This study aims to analyze and discuss the presumed mechanisms of spontaneous ignition comparatively, review the progress in the study of spontaneous ignition of hydrogen in high-pressure leakage based on diffusion ignition theory, and statistically compare and discuss the influences of significant factors existing in pipelines (e.g., macro size factors and internal structure) and/or pipe failures (e.g., rupture factors) on spontaneous ignition. It is hoped that this article will provide scholars involved in the development of hydrogen energy and the theories of spontaneous combustion with a systematic understanding of these phenomena.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100290"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142319733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of injector configuration on secondary wave formation and propagation in a rotating detonation combustor","authors":"Michael Ullman,&nbsp;Venkat Raman","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Numerous studies of rotating detonation engines (RDEs) have noted the appearance of weaker secondary waves which travel with or counter to the primary wave system. These secondary waves can affect the speed, strength, multiplicity, and directional preference of the primary wave system, all of which have implications for engine performance and operability. As such, understanding the formation and stabilization of different wave modes is critical for developing practical RDE systems. To this end, the present work uses an adaptive mesh refinement framework to simulate two-dimensional unwrapped RDEs at high spatial resolution. Four injection configurations are considered, including a simplified continuous injection boundary, as well as three discrete injection setups with varying injector diameter and spacing. In the discrete injection cases, the effects of mass flow rate and near-wave grid resolution are also investigated. Continuous injection is found to produce a single wave, while discrete injection yields increasing numbers of co- and counter-propagating waves when the number of injectors or the reactant flow rate increases. The generation of secondary waves is linked to acoustic reflections associated with wave passage over the discrete injectors, as well as successive “micro-explosions” that occur when a reaction zone recouples to a shock wave traversing a reactant jet. These secondary waves can then coalesce in the presence of fresh reactants, providing a mechanism for new primary waves to form and the directional preference of the wave system to switch. The diameter and spacing of the injectors directly impact the sustained propagation of the primary waves, as well as the availability of reactants needed to form a strong counter-propagating wave system. The unsteadiness induced by the different injection schemes is manifested in conditional statistics for heat release and heat release rate, which show enhanced deflagrative combustion in discrete injection configurations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100289"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X2400044X/pdfft?md5=4837dd052aab2f7a604d2cd642df3b2d&pid=1-s2.0-S2666352X2400044X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142272807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liquid-fueled high-performance burner utilizing a coarse porous matrix","authors":"Daiki Matsugi ,&nbsp;Shoma Kawamura ,&nbsp;Takuya Yamazaki ,&nbsp;Yuji Nakamura","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, a kerosene-fueled premixed burner system with a thick and large pore-sized (“coarse”) porous matrix was developed to achieve less-soot stable premixed combustion with variable combustion loads, i.e., turn-down ratio, TDR, defined as the ratio between the maximum and minimum loads. The present burner system mainly consists of the thick and coarse porous matrix made by packed ceramic balls of 8 mm-diameter, which acts as a vaporizer, mixer, and flame holder. The liquid fuel is fed into the porous matrix along with air. As the air and vaporized fuel are supplied toward the top-end (surface) of the porous matrix, a premixed flame is formed at this surface. Benefits of the adopted porous matrix include reduced wettability of the liquid fuel to pores of the porous matrix, which prevents its direct supply to the flame, promotes vaporization and mixing, and functions as a flame holder, allowing the flame to be sustained within the porous matrix. Combustion experiments were then carried out under various equivalence ratios (<em>φ</em>) between 0.47 and 1.34, and temperature measurement was conducted to evaluate the vaporization capability within the porous matrix. The experimental results confirmed that the quasi-steady and stable premixed combustion across the entire surface of the porous matrix throughout the burning event was successfully achieved under all <em>φ</em> values considered in this study. A simplified (one-dimensional) analytical model was developed to examine achievable range of TDR. It was found that the expected achievable TDR was higher than the value for the conventional spray combustion technology (∼ 6). Thus, the present burner system with a thick and coarse porous matrix was effective for attaining stable premixed combustion and a high TDR.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100287"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X24000426/pdfft?md5=a4b50d4190acb54bf8bc2d82adc235d8&pid=1-s2.0-S2666352X24000426-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142097624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspective article: Mitigating social and economic impact of wildfires","authors":"Louis A.(Lou) Gritzo","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wildfires are a natural part of the earth's ecosystem. Over time, the social and economic consequences have significantly increased as development in or near forested areas (i.e. the wildland/urban interface or WUI) has continued, resulting in more value and lives exposed to wildfire events, and due to increasingly large wildfire prone regions and extended seasons caused by changes in the climate. The most significant events are, by some measures, hardly ‘wildland fires’, they are more massive conflagrations affecting communities of burning homes and businesses. The total area around the world that can reasonably be regarded in ‘high fire risk’ is beyond the level of controlled burns, forest thinning, or one-by-one implementation of defensible spaces around structures and homes. Current policies are not effective at the scale of the problem. Better capabilities are needed to provide key decisionmakers including land use planners, building code officials, and wildland managers the right tools to manage this risk. A well designed and governed public private partnership is required. The combustion research community will be at the core of the development that can make it successful, but they will need to band together to bring their numerous individual skills to the table together.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100285"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X24000402/pdfft?md5=697165f5ff4f9cf493ee62a0b043a720&pid=1-s2.0-S2666352X24000402-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142097625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meeting the challenge of mitigating Li-ion battery fires for aviation","authors":"Paul Papas","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aviation industry faces a pressing challenge in reducing its environmental footprint, especially with the projected growth in global passenger traffic. Electrification and more-electric aircraft, particularly through Lithium-ion Battery (LiB) systems, offers a promising pathway to reduce emissions but introduces significant safety concerns, particularly regarding thermal runaway (TR) events. This prospective paper examines the unique challenges posed by aviation environments for developing safe LiB systems. It discusses multifaceted mitigation approaches, integrating fire containment structures with advanced thermal management and fire protection technologies. Various cooling technologies and fire suppression agents are explored for their effectiveness in extinguishing LiB fires and mitigating thermal runaway propagation. Integrated LiB suppression systems are proposed to combine fire containment, suppression, and thermal management functionalities for achieving the demanding specific energy density levels that will be required. Scaling safe LiB pack solutions for commercial aviation requires coordinated efforts among regulators, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), engineers, and researchers to establish standardized design criteria, develop validated modeling tools, and establish rigorous certification testing requirements. In conclusion, addressing the safety concerns of large LiB packs in aircraft applications requires a holistic, integrated approach. This paper provides insights into current research, identifies key challenges, and outlines future directions for advancing LiB safety in aviation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100286"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X24000414/pdfft?md5=25ea528ad709b1dd6f2277a438eae6f5&pid=1-s2.0-S2666352X24000414-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature evolution of laser-ignited micrometric iron particles: A comprehensive experimental data set and numerical assessment of laser heating impact","authors":"Leon C. Thijs ,&nbsp;Daoguan Ning ,&nbsp;Yuriy S. Shoshin ,&nbsp;Thijs Hazenberg ,&nbsp;XiaoCheng Mi ,&nbsp;Jeroen A. van Oijen ,&nbsp;Philip de Goey","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines the effects of laser heating on the ignition and critical combustion characteristics, such as temperature and burn time, of individual iron particles. It provides time-dependent temperature profiles of laser-ignited particles across a broad spectrum of particle size distributions and oxygen concentrations obtained from experiments, which are a useful database for further development and validation of iron particle combustion models. The herein reported datasets significantly complement those existing in the literature. In the current study, the raw data are thoroughly re-evaluated using refined approaches. For the experimental canonical configuration of single iron particle combustion, an ignition system based on laser heating provides several advantages in overcoming temperature field uncertainties and facilitating controlled environments for optical diagnostics. Despite the inherent uncertainties in laser heating, associated with non-uniform intensity profiles and particle size variations, this study addresses the critical question of how these uncertainties affect <em>in situ</em> measurements of particle temperature and time to reach peak temperature. This study, conducted using a numerical model, reveals a dependence of the particle temperature after laser heating on particle size. However, this dependence does not significantly impact the key parameters of iron-particle combustion, such as the maximum temperature and burn time of the laser-ignited iron particle. The study also presents a comparison between the simulated particle temperature histories and those derived from two-color pyrometry measurements for a wide range of particle size distributions and oxygen concentrations. Notably, by implementing a laser-heating sub-model into an iron particle combustion model, assuming external-diffusion-limited oxidation only up to stoichiometric FeO, the temperature evolution up to the maximum temperature is reasonably captured for a wide range of particle sizes (20–<span><math><mrow><mn>53</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>) and oxygen volumetric fractions (14–21<!--> <!-->vol% O<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> mixed with N<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>). However, with increasing oxygen concentration, the external-diffusion limited model significantly overestimates the heating rate and subsequently the maximum particle temperature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100284"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X24000396/pdfft?md5=ca35ebf742a2a41053af38601ddba753&pid=1-s2.0-S2666352X24000396-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141984950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micron-sized aluminum particle combustion under elevated gas condition: Equivalence ratio effect","authors":"Pikai Zhang ,&nbsp;Chenyang Cao ,&nbsp;Huangwei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Micron-sized aluminum (Al) particle combustion under elevated gas condition is critical for improving energetic material performance, impacting propulsion and explosives technology. This study utilizes Eulerian-Lagrangian method to investigate Al particle combustion dynamics, encompassing both heterogeneous reaction (HTR) and homogeneous reaction (HMR). It focuses on the critical role of the equivalence ratio in single Al particle combustion, highlighting the interplay between HTR and HMR, aiming to optimize energy release and emission control. Our study identifies four stages in the combustion of a single Al particle, where the highest heat release is attributed to HTR, succeeded by HMR, and the minimal from unburned Al vapor. We observe a decline in the total heat release rate with an increasing equivalence ratio, primarily due to the differential impacts of heterogeneous and homogeneous reactions. The thermal-runaway stage in HTR is governed by the particle temperature, while the subsequent decaying stage is influenced by either the diminishing effective Al droplet diameter or the availability of oxygen, contingent upon the fuel conditions. Utilizing Cantera software to analyze HMR allows us to elucidate the thermal effects of elementary reactions and the key reaction pathways. These findings underscore the complex interactions between Al particles and the surrounding gas, providing insights into optimizing the conditions for Al-containing reaction systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100283"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X24000384/pdfft?md5=58dd33c76dfc420eedea1a9279f7666a&pid=1-s2.0-S2666352X24000384-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141952024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scale effects on rotating detonation rocket engine operation","authors":"Tyler Mundt,&nbsp;Carl Knowlen,&nbsp;Mitsuru Kurosaka","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rotating detonation rocket engines are propulsive devices employing detonation waves moving circumferentially around an annular channel that consume axially fed propellants. Theoretically, this provides benefits with respect to combustion pressure gain and thermodynamic efficiency when compared to deflagration-based combustors. To facilitate size scaling of these devices, the relationships between geometric parameters, performance, and wave dynamics have been investigated with gaseous methane-oxygen propellant. Empirical relations were derived between combustor geometry, fueling conditions, and engine operation, as well as correlation to thermodynamic parameters calculated with chemical kinetics codes. The radius of curvature effects were explored in annular combustors having outer diameters of 25 mm, 51 mm, and 76 mm with a fixed gap width of 5 mm. The injectors were scaled to have same oxidizer-to-fuel injector port area ratio, impingement distance, and injector-to-gap area ratio. Larger combustors had higher wave counts during operation at a given mass flux and equivalence ratio. Combustor axial pressures were found to be more dependent on propellant mass flux and equivalence ratio than geometry. Mass flux and the inner-to-outer radius ratio, the latter of which was related to other geometric ratios, dictated the operating mode transition thresholds and the number of resulting waves, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100282"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X24000372/pdfft?md5=4e9f755def84db9f5c520eb97dc9624d&pid=1-s2.0-S2666352X24000372-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141838625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ChemPlasKin: A general-purpose program for unified gas and plasma kinetics simulations","authors":"Xiao Shao,&nbsp;Deanna A. Lacoste,&nbsp;Hong G. Im","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work introduces ChemPlasKin, a freely accessible solver optimized for zero-dimensional (0D) simulations of chemical kinetics of neutral gas in non-equilibrium plasma environments. By integrating the electron Boltzmann equation solver, CppBOLOS, with the open-source combustion library, Cantera, at the source code level, ChemPlasKin computes time-resolved evolution of species concentration and gas temperature in a unified gas–plasma kinetics framework. The model allows high fidelity predictions of both chemical thermal effects and plasma-induced heating, including fast gas heating and slower vibrational–translational relaxation processes. Additionally, a new heat loss model is developed for nanosecond pulsed discharges, specifically within pin–pin electrode configurations. With its versatility, ChemPlasKin is well-suited for a wide range of applications, from plasma-assisted combustion (PAC) to fuel reforming. In this paper, the reliability, accuracy and efficiency of ChemPlasKin are validated through a number of test problems, demonstrating its utility in advancing gas–plasma kinetic studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100280"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X24000359/pdfft?md5=7dfac2dbd589d8f72c87b54a95d8e550&pid=1-s2.0-S2666352X24000359-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141960543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards detailed combustor wall kinetics: An experimental and kinetic modeling study of hydrogen oxidation on Inconel","authors":"Wenxian Tang ,&nbsp;Andre Nicolle ,&nbsp;Qi Wang ,&nbsp;Andres Cardenas-Alvarez ,&nbsp;Bambar Davaasuren ,&nbsp;S. Mani Sarathy","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gas-phase hydrogen combustion is ubiquitous in industrial processes, and the associated surface kinetics on heat-resistant alloys plays a crucial role in designing efficient low-carbon technologies. We conducted new temperature programmed reduction experiments to determine the reducibility of materials following an oxidation cycle. These experiments were modeled using a thermoconsistent multi-site microkinetic model for H₂ heterogeneous oxidation on Inconels, which was validated against literature experiments. This competitive adsorption model considers iron bulk content, hydrogen spillover and subsurface oxygen migration on hydrogen surface oxidation kinetics. New X-ray diffraction experiments confirmed the postulated crystallographic structures in the Inconel samples, suggesting their presence on the surface scale. The phenomenological model was coupled with several state-of-the-art gas-phase oxidation mechanisms to assess gas/surface reactions interaction as a function of material and temperature. The results reveal a complex interaction in which surface removes H radicals from the gas-phase, while the Bradford (H₂+OH) reaction converts OH into H₂O, promoting water adsorption on Inconel. This interaction was found to give rise to gas-phase thermokinetic oscillations. The model predicts a non-monotonous effect of reactor area-to-volume ratio on reactivity and emphasizes the impact of Inconel composition on product selectivity. Overall, the multi-site model provides new insight into the contrasting reactivities among active sites, bridging the gap between material science and heterogeneous combustion modeling.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100281"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X24000360/pdfft?md5=35b70ddcf6e65b82cafd9c5faa110511&pid=1-s2.0-S2666352X24000360-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141706802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}