Applications in Energy and Combustion Science最新文献

{"title":"Fuel reid vapor pressure level and ethanol content on stochastic preignition, effects at steady and unsteady engine operation","authors":"Derek A. Splitter ,&nbsp;Gurneesh Jatana ,&nbsp;Dan DelVescovo ,&nbsp;Gina Fioroni ,&nbsp;Elana Chapman ,&nbsp;John Salyers ,&nbsp;Johnathan Pung ,&nbsp;Scott Parrish","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present work investigates relations between fuel Reid vapor pressure (RVP) and biofuel (ethanol) content on stochastic preignition (SPI) at both sustained steady-state engine operation and following load transients. This work stems from in-field observations that automotive original equipment manufacturers have observed consistent seasonal increases in United States customer drivability complaints and warranty claims during September and October where SPI is suspected to be responsible. The seasonal timing of these events coincides with the United States seasonal fuel property changeover initiating on September 15 each year, where fuel RVP increases. To explore potential linkage between fuel RVP and SPI the present study employs engine SPI experiments coupled with laboratory spray measurements of fuels with RVPs of 8, 12, and 16 psi in both E10 (10% ethanol) and E25 (25% ethanol) fuels.</div><div>Engine results are partitioned into fuel RVP and ethanol content effects on SPI in steady-state, sustained high-load engine operation and unsteady-state low- to high-load transitions, where off-engine spray vessel patternation and tip penetration results help to elucidate the observed fuel effects on SPI. A boosted direct-injected, spark-ignition engine was fueled with three market relevant E10 and E25 fuels with RVPs of 8, 12, and 16 to characterize the interplay between winter fuels and abnormal combustion behavior. The steady-state work shows that for high-load, steady-state engine operation, SPI is directly linked to fuel retention, which was found to be dependent on fuel distillation. The unsteady-state engine operation work shows that following low-to high-load transitions, SPI can occur from a memory of fuel property effects at low-load operation. Specifically, the fuel RVP effect on fuel spray collapse at low loads was found to correlate with SPI with a more than 95% confidence interval following low- to high-engine-load transitions. Results suggest that fuel-wall impingement at low-load operation could carry over into high-load transitions and generate SPI events following low- to high-load transitions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100403"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From pure H2 to H2–CO2 mixtures: A study of reductant strategies in plasma iron smelting reduction","authors":"Jordan N. Figueiredo,&nbsp;Bassam B. Dally,&nbsp;Deanna A. Lacoste","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen plasma offers an emerging route for carbon-free iron oxide reduction, but typical inert gas dilution limits industrial applicability. This study explores pure hydrogen and hydrogen–carbon dioxide plasma for in-flight hematite reduction in atmospheric elongated arc discharge. Pure hydrogen yields the lowest power consumption, but reduced plasma stability and limited conversion. CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> addition enhances stability, increasing gas temperature from approximately 1900<!--> <!-->K (pure H<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>) to 2900 K at 50% CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> driven by exothermic H<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> oxidation. Particle rapidly reach gas temperature (<span><math><mo>&gt;</mo></math></span>2000 K within 5 ms). The highest metallization degree (<span><math><mo>≈</mo></math></span>37%) achieved at 30% CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>, corresponds to an optimal reductant gas composition balancing hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and atomic hydrogen availability. Higher dilution (50% CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>) significantly decreased the reductant gas availability, lowering the degree of reduction despite higher temperatures. These insights demonstrate that controlled CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> co-feeding and regeneration optimize plasma stability, temperature, and reductant gas chemistry, presenting a promising approach towards scalable and energy-efficient hydrogen plasma smelting reduction for sustainable metallurgy with a CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> closed loop.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100401"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A numerical investigation on the flow effect over the Nusselt number in single droplet combustion","authors":"Hippolyte Cléris ,&nbsp;Sébastien Tanguy ,&nbsp;Olivier Rouzaud ,&nbsp;Jean-Luc Estivalèzes ,&nbsp;Annafederica Urbano","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Numerical simulations of the combustion of isolated droplets, based on an interface capturing two-phase flow solver, are presented in this paper. The new numerical solver used is an extension of a classical evaporation solver based on a Level Set-Ghost Fluid Method to combustion applications. It is based on a variable density low Mach number solver for Navier–Stokes equations, and it accounts for complex thermo-physical variations of physical properties. After presenting a preliminary validation against experimental data for a <span><math><mi>n</mi></math></span>-decane static burning droplet, it is shown that the numerical simulations reproduce accurately different types of flame shapes. In particular, depending on the conditions, an envelope flame surrounding the droplet, a wake flame attached at the rear of the droplet or side flame, which is an intermediate state between the previous two regimes, are observed. The numerical results clearly demonstrate the strong effect of the different flame shapes on the Nusselt number of the evaporating droplet. The Nusselt number tends to decrease during the transition between the envelope flame to the wake flame, exhibiting a non-monotonic behavior for increasing Reynolds numbers. These results are significant since classical correlations on the Nusselt number assumes a monotonic increase for increasing Reynolds numbers, and thus miss the effect of the transition between the envelope flame to the wake flame. Finally, the solver developed for the sake of this study, presents many potentialities to explore more complex configurations than isolated and spherical droplets. Indeed, the overall numerical methodology enables to handle any interface shape and topology, and can be relevant to study collective effects, as the combustion of droplet groups, for instance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100400"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimentally producing firebrands showers from disparate fuels to represent the combustion of structural and vegetative fuels simultaneously","authors":"Sayaka Suzuki ,&nbsp;Samuel L. Manzello","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A laboratory-scale firebrand generator, developed by the authors, has been used to generate a new set of firebrand distributions to replicate firebrand shower processes from cedar building materials and mixed, disparate Douglas-fir/cedar wood species. Douglas-fir (DF) wood pieces were intended to represent firebrands from vegetative fuel combustion, such as shrubs or trees, and were cut into the dimensions, average (± standard deviation) of 7.9 (± 1) mm (thickness), 7.9 (± 1) mm (width), and 12.7 (± 1) mm (length) with the mass of 0.50 (± 0.05) g. Western Red Cedar (WRC) wood pieces, intended to represent firebrands from burning buildings, were made from Red Cedar wood shingle siding, and cut into the dimensions, average (± standard deviation), of 40 (± 2) mm (length), 40 (± 2) mm (width), and 6.9 (± 1.8) mm (thickness) with the mass of 3.59 (± 0.91) g. Glowing firebrand distributions were produced by feeding these wood types in the firebrand generator using three methods: DF only at 80 g/min, WRC only at 80 g/min, and a mix of DF at 40 g/min and WRC at 40 g/min. For each feeding scenario, results are reported on the spatially resolved number distribution, as well as detailed size, mass, and exit velocity of the generated firebrands. For the first time, it is possible to simultaneously produce glowing firebrands representative of vegetative combustion and building combustion in the same shower.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100399"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large eddy simulation of turbulent premixed combustion with a data-driven filtered density function model","authors":"Hanying Yang ,&nbsp;James C. Massey ,&nbsp;Nedunchezhian Swaminathan","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent data-driven approaches have demonstrated promising predictive capabilities in many <em>a priori</em> assessments. However, their performance evaluation in <em>a posteriori</em> large eddy simulation (LES) assessments is limited. This study implements an artificial neural network (ANN)-based sub-grid filtered density function (FDF) model in LES of turbulent premixed combustion. The ANN model is trained on DNS data from moderate or intense low-oxygen dilution (MILD) combustion and a premixed twin-V flame, predicting sub-grid marginal FDFs of the progress variable to model the filter reaction rate through on-the-fly inference. Simulations with the ANN models are 2 to 3 times longer than those for the presumed FDF-based tabulation method because of its complex architecture and reduced parallel scalability. However, its over 300-fold lower memory usage offsets the computational expenses. The ANN model is evaluated using two cases, a bluff-body stabilised methane–air flame and the well-known Volvo afterburner propane–air flame. The simulations demonstrate improved prediction of key flow and flame characteristics, including recirculation zone length, velocity recovery, and downstream temperature distributions, with lower sensitivity to mesh resolution. These findings highlight the potentials of the ANN-based sub-grid FDF modelling approach as a better alternative to conventional tabulation methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100393"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Non-premixed GOx/Methane Resonance Igniter","authors":"Jonathan Neeser ,&nbsp;Francesca De Domenico","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Resonance igniters are a promising alternative to conventional ignition devices for rocket engines using non-hypergolic propellants. This paper presents the development and analysis of a resonance igniter using gaseous oxygen and methane, supported by experimental measurements and numerical modelling. The effect of nozzle gap distance on acoustic resonance heating is investigated using oxygen and nitrogen as driving gases. Microphone data are used to determine the operating mode of the igniter; thermocouple data acquired on the outside of the resonator tip are used to evaluate heating performance across various nozzle pressure ratios and nozzle gap distances. A numerical model based on the open-source CFD software SU2 is developed and validated against resonance heating experimental data. This non-reacting flow model accurately captures the transition from the high-frequency Jet Screech Mode to the lower-frequency Jet Regurgitant Mode. Furthermore, it identifies the operational parameters leading to the highest rates of resonance heating observed in the experiments. Ignition attempts in non-premixed conditions, using gaseous oxygen and methane, show that the separate injection of methane in cross-flow into the combustion chamber causes severe disruption of resonance heating, preventing ignition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100392"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gas-phase pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of lithium-ion battery electrolyte components: difference from liquid-based fire hazard classification","authors":"Keisuke Kanayama,&nbsp;Kaoru Maruta,&nbsp;Hisashi Nakamura","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fire safety has become a more serious concern for lithium-ion battery (LIB) applications with their market growth to various usage and operation conditions, especially in the energy and transportation sectors. A well-recognized fire hazard classification of LIB electrolyte solvents is determined based on the liquid phase that strongly reflects phase change properties. This study poses a difference in the potential fire hazard of LIB electrolyte solvents depending on liquid-/gas-phase properties considered by demonstrating fundamental gas-phase pyrolysis and combustion simulations. By assuming a LIB fire scenario where vaporized electrolyte solvents are present, pyrolysis in a perfectly stirred reactor, laminar flame speeds and ignition delay times were simulated for commercially used carbonate ester mixtures, ethylene carbonate (EC)/dimethyl carbonate (DMC), EC/ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) and EC/diethyl carbonate (DEC), using a chemical kinetic model. Pyrolysis simulations indicated that at “low” temperatures (≲ 600 K), even after 1000 s, which could be attainable during a thermal runaway event, carbonate esters are still dominant components but not pyrolysis products, such as H₂/CO/CO₂/CH₄ for DMC and CO₂/C₂H₄/alcohol for EMC and DEC cases. Simulated laminar flame speeds of EC/DMC/air mixtures were lower than those of EC/EMC/air and EC/DEC/air mixtures at 500 K, having a good correlation with a transport parameter, i.e., thermal diffusivity. The relative fire hazard of LIB electrolyte solvents in terms of gas-phase combustion based on laminar flame speed is opposite to that of liquid-phase classification. A proper flammability classification and key combustion properties need to be considered depending on the expected LIB fire situation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100396"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of initial pressure and heat flux on hydrogen and carbon monoxide production in supercritical water gasification of biomass: A molecular dynamics study","authors":"Mohammed Al-Asadi ,&nbsp;Ali B. M. Ali ,&nbsp;Dheyaa J. Jasim ,&nbsp;Narinderjit Singh Sawaran Singh ,&nbsp;Soheil Salahshour ,&nbsp;S. Mohammad Sajadi ,&nbsp;Kamkar Vahedi","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effects of initial pressure and external heat flux on hydrogen and carbon monoxide production during the supercritical water gasification of biomass. According to the results, after one nanosecond of equilibration, the system reached thermal equilibrium and structural stability, with potential and total energies stabilizing at –83.84 and –83.77 kcal/mol, respectively. The results show that increasing the initial pressure from 0 to 2.5 bar caused a decrease in the number of CO molecules from 86 to 71 and H₂ molecules from 574 to 543, indicating that higher pressure suppressed gas formation. Combustion efficiency also declined from 32 % to 25 % with increasing pressure, suggesting more complete reactions under elevated pressure conditions. Conversely, heat flux slightly increases from 3.92 to 4.06 W/m², likely due to enhanced gas production, while thermal conductivity rose from 0.30 to 0.37 W/m·K, reflecting improved heat transfer resulting from denser atomic packing. Furthermore, increasing the external heat flux from 0.001 to 0.005 W/m² intensified molecular dissociation, raising CO and H₂ counts from 93 to 112 and 605 to 692, respectively, which corresponded with an improvement in combustion efficiency from 49 % to 69 %. However, the heat flux decreases from 3.89 to 3.76 W/m², and thermal conductivity dropped from 0.28 to 0.19 W/m·K with higher heat flux, attributed to structural degradation and disrupted conductive pathways. Overall, these findings demonstrate the complex interplay between pressure and heat flux on gasification efficiency, molecular product distribution, and thermal properties, providing valuable insights for optimizing hydrogen production through supercritical water gasification of biomass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100395"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling combustion chemistry using C3MechV4.0: An extension to mixtures of hydrogen, ammonia, alkanes, and cycloalkanes","authors":"Luna Pratali Maffei ,&nbsp;Raymond Langer ,&nbsp;Yuki Murakami ,&nbsp;Scott W. Wagnon ,&nbsp;Pengzhi Wang ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Liu ,&nbsp;Mohsin Raza ,&nbsp;Yuxiang Zhu ,&nbsp;Sanket Girhe ,&nbsp;Christian Schwenzer ,&nbsp;Joachim Beeckmann ,&nbsp;Stephen J. Klippenstein ,&nbsp;Tiziano Faravelli ,&nbsp;Heinz Pitsch ,&nbsp;Peter Kelly Senecal ,&nbsp;Henry J. Curran","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The design of novel renewable fuel mixtures (such as hydrogen, ammonia, methanol, ethanol, and other blends) compatible with existing engine infrastructure can be greatly aided by accurate kinetic modeling of fuel surrogate mixtures. With this objective, a robust kinetic model should accurately describe the kinetics of the pure components and their mixtures at engine-relevant conditions. This work presents the results of the continued work of the Computational Chemistry Consortium (C3) to build a “universal” chemical kinetic mechanism to describe the oxidation of fuel surrogate mixtures. Our previous model, C3MechV3.3, focused on conventional fuel mixtures, i.e., the ignition behavior of <span><math><mi>n</mi></math></span>-alkanes up to C₁₂, as well as pollutant formation, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitrogen oxides (NO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>). To meet the needs of fast renewable fuel mixture screening, the updated model, C3MechV4.0, now also includes the combustion of carbon-free fuels, including hydrogen and ammonia; dimethyl carbonate, and ethylene carbonate, which are useful to investigate battery fires in hybrid vehicles; cyclopentane, cyclohexane, and xylene, which enrich the palette of useful conventional fuel surrogate components. Each kinetic subset was updated according to the most recent literature findings and, if needed, tuned to improve the prediction of experimental target data. The model was tested against a wide range of experimental data (some of which is new) for fuel mixtures, focusing on hydrogen, methane, and ammonia, proving the model’s predictive capabilities. A hierarchical and modular mechanism structure was enforced, enabling the automatic assembly of smaller subsets of mechanisms, which can accelerate kinetic simulations of fuel mixtures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100385"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laminar flame speed measurements and laser absorption characterization of high-temperature, premixed ethane–air flames","authors":"Alison M. Ferris ,&nbsp;Julian J. Girard ,&nbsp;Adam J. Susa ,&nbsp;Ronald K. Hanson","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laminar flame speed, temperature, and pressure measurements were conducted in high-temperature, spherically expanding ethane–air flames. The experiments were conducted in a shock tube, which allows access to a high-temperature regime previously under-explored for premixed ethane–air flames. The stoichiometric ethane–air mixtures were initially shock-heated to unburned gas conditions of 461–537 K, 1 atm. An Nd:YAG laser was used to spark-ignite the heated gas mixtures and initiate laminar flame propagation. High-speed, OH* endwall imaging was used to record the propagation of the spherically expanding flames in time, and the images were analyzed to determine the unburned, unstretched laminar flame speed. The measurements show close agreement with available literature results and kinetic model simulations (AramcoMech 3.0, NUIGMech1.3, and FFCM-2). A comprehensive survey of available ethane–air flame speed data was conducted to enable a high-fidelity power-law fit to describe the temperature dependence of ethane–air flame speeds. A single line-of-sight laser absorption diagnostic was additionally used to measure burned-gas temperature and pressure. The temperature and pressure measurements confirmed that flames generated using the shock-tube laminar flame method are adiabatic and constant-pressure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100378"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}