Applications in Energy and Combustion Science最新文献

{"title":"So, you want to measure flare emissions? Challenges and opportunities for quantifying utility pipe flare performance","authors":"Margaret S. Wooldridge ,&nbsp;Jenna Stolzman ,&nbsp;Ashray Mohit ,&nbsp;Jesse Capecelatro","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flares are critical for the safe destruction of waste gases and must operate effectively over a broad range of conditions. Even at low gas flow rates, the flames created by flares are highly turbulent and exhibit significant transient behavior, yet few studies report time-resolved emission data. This work presents spatially- and temporally-resolved experimental and computational results for gas-phase emissions from a utility-pipe flare (7.62 cm diameter) under varying crosswind speeds. Emissions measurements are presented for high and low combustion efficiency (CE) using natural gas and a propane and natural gas blend. The experiments considered flow rates of 98 liters per minute (LPM) for natural gas with crosswind speeds of 0.3 m/s (CE = 100 % ± 0.03 %) and 10 m/s (CE = 80.2 % ± 2.46 %). The propane and natural gas blend experiments were conducted at a flow rate of 490 LPM and crosswind speeds of 8.8 m/s (CE = 94.3 % ± 2.71 %) and 16 m/s (CE = 88.0 % ± 2.71 %). Large-eddy simulations (LES) of methane at 830 LPM with crosswind speeds of 3 to 12 m/s yielded CE values from 99.45 % to 95.89 %. Both experiments and LES demonstrate that severe thermal and species gradients persist well downstream of the primary combustion zone. LES further reveals that local CE can deviate significantly from global CE, underscoring potential limitations of emissions measurement approaches. The findings provide a benchmark data set for flare emissions under crosswind conditions and highlight the need to refine existing analytical methods while guiding the development of next-generation measurement strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100448"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigation of the effectiveness of shaded fuel break prescriptions for WUI fire scenarios","authors":"Pascale Vacca,&nbsp;Simona Dossi,&nbsp;Eulàlia Planas,&nbsp;Elsa Pastor","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2026.100470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2026.100470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shaded fuel breaks are intended to provide suppression opportunities for the emergency services and they are currently also being considered as mitigation strategies for the protection of assets located at the WUI. The prescriptive characteristics of these fuel breaks depend on regional regulations, which often differ. In this manuscript, the effectiveness of shaded fuel break regulations of the neighbouring regions of Catalonia (Spain) and Pyrénées-Orientales (France) is quantitatively analysed and compared through FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) simulations. The vegetation within the fuel break, simulated in form of Lagrangian particles, is exposed to a predefined wildland fire with two different fireline intensities (10000 kW/m and 30000 kW/m) and two wind speeds (15 km/h and 28 km/h). An untreated scenario is also analysed. Results show that the analysed fuel break prescriptions reduce fire behaviour metrics to values that allow for safe intervention for suppression from the emergency services. However, when it comes to asset protection when emergency services are not able to intervene, a width of 25 m (minimum width prescribed in Catalonia) is not sufficient in cases with high winds or high fireline intensities, while a width of 50 m (in Pyrénées-Orientales) is also insufficient when exposed to high winds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100470"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the thermal response of large-scale decking assemblies exposed to firebrand piles","authors":"Mohamed E. Mohamed ,&nbsp;Trent D. Penman ,&nbsp;Jacques De Beer ,&nbsp;Stanislav I. Stoliarov ,&nbsp;Gavin P. Horn ,&nbsp;Alexander I. Filkov","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2026.100463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2026.100463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Firebrand accumulation in the form of piles significantly contribute to structural losses in the Wildland-Urban Interface. Decking materials may be particularly vulnerable to ignition from firebrand piles. However, large-scale studies replicating real-world conditions are still lacking. This study investigates the observed thermal response of Pressure Treated Wood (PTW) and Trex Enhance (Trex) composite decking under exposure to 8 grams firebrand piles (10 cm × 5 cm x 2 cm) at large-scale decking assembly (60 cm × 60 cm). Experimental conditions involved different constant wind speed (1.4 m s^-1 and 2.7 m s^-1); moisture content (MC) of tested materials (PTW: 26% and 7%; Trex: &lt;1%); and firebrand pile orientation (0°: 10 cm side parallel to airflow; and 90°: 10 cm side perpendicular to airflow). For PTW experiments, three key events were observed: 1) Burn-through: when the samples experienced vertical propagation until a glowing-edged opening &gt;5 mm appeared at the back surface; 2) Back surface flaming ignition: when transition from smouldering to intense flaming ignition took place at the back surface; and 3) Back surface re-ignition: when flaming ignition appeared second time at the back surface but at lower intensity. For PTW, the higher wind speed (2.7 m s^-1) was the dominant factor associated with significantly increased likelihood of burn-through and was a necessary factor in inducing back surface flaming. The low MC (7%) also increased the propensity for burn-through and back surface flaming, though to a lesser extent. Although firebrand pile orientation showed insignificant impact on the overall thermal response, it still played a critical role. The 90° orientation increased the burn-through propensity, while 0° orientation displayed a greater tendency for back surface flaming and its associated characteristics. Compared to PTW, Trex exhibited considerably lower combustion intensity and duration, with no observations of burn-through or back surface flaming in any experiment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100463"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on inhibitory efficacy of dry ice as a novel fire extinguishing agent for lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Yongcheng Liu ,&nbsp;Guowei Zhang ,&nbsp;Gangqiang Zhao ,&nbsp;Quanyi Liu ,&nbsp;Chunyuan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional fire-extinguishing agents face significant challenges—including insufficient cooling capacity, re-ignition risks, and toxic gas emissions—when suppressing lithium-ion battery (LIB) fires, representing a critical bottleneck restricting the development of fields such as energy and Combustorage. To address this, we propose and validate dry ice as a highly efficient LIB fire suppressant. First, a study on dry ice’s efficacy in inhibiting thermal runaway propagation (TRP) in 4000 mAh cylindrical LIBs demonstrates optimal suppression during early-stage fire development, with efficacy positively correlated with discharge quantity. Further validation on a 50 Ah energy storage cell confirms that dry ice extinguishes open flames within 3 seconds while significantly reducing surface temperature, effectively halting TR progression. Finally, the fire-extinguishing mechanism of dry ice was summarized, i.e., gas-driven accelerated phase transition - rapid fire extinction by low-temperature gas cloud - sustained cooling via thermal resistance barrier. This multi-phase mechanism rapidly blocks TR propagation chains. Collectively, this work provides an efficient and feasible fire-suppression strategy to mitigate the major process safety risk posed by LIB thermal runaway (TR).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100437"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generating a simplified reaction model for methane and natural gas combustion using a genetic algorithm","authors":"Márton Kovács ,&nbsp;Kaito Hirose ,&nbsp;Koji Shimoyama ,&nbsp;Hisashi Nakamura","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2026.100457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2026.100457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A methodology is presented to develop compact, high-fidelity simplified reaction models for hydrocarbon combustion using virtual species and simplified reaction pathways, with rate parameters optimized via a genetic algorithm (GA). The method was applied to methane and natural gas combustion, targeting key combustion properties: ignition delay times (IDT) and laminar burning velocities (LBV). The approach combines a detailed H₂/CO core with virtual reactions representing the main fuel oxidation pathways through fuel, fuel radical, and aldehyde virtual species. For natural gas, fuel components were lumped, and averaged thermodynamic properties were assigned to the virtual species. The optimization process produced simplified models with 14 species and 57 reactions, which could accurately reproduce the IDT and LBV simulation results of the AramcoMech 3.0 detailed model across a wide range of equivalence ratios and temperatures. The mean absolute deviations for all test conditions were 11.9% for IDT and 2.5% for LBV in methane, and 10.5% for IDT and 1.4% for LBV in natural gas simulations. The models could capture the tendency differences between methane/air and natural gas/air mixtures in ignition characteristics while preserving the similarities in flame propagation. The proposed method offers a practical alternative to conventional reduction techniques, enabling the generation of simple yet accurate reaction models suitable for CFD simulations in practical combustors with significantly reduced computational cost.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100457"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A facile ambient post modification method towards red fluorescent flame-formed carbon dots","authors":"Chang Shen ,&nbsp;Teng Fei ,&nbsp;Yunpeng Cui ,&nbsp;Luyi Yang ,&nbsp;Yixuan Jiang ,&nbsp;Xiaoqing You","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, a room-temperature HNO₃ wash is found to be effective in red-shifting the fluorescence of flame-formed carbon dots, especially for the green fluorescent carbon dots from premixed flames. Characterization techniques together with quantum chemistry calculations are carried out to investigate the mechanisms behind the red-shifted fluorescence. It was found that a room-temperature HNO₃ wash can significantly red-shift the fluorescence of flame-formed carbon dots from ∼535 nm to ∼620 nm and cause a shorter fluorescence lifetime. The particle diameter and in-plane correlation length of the aromatic lands were not significantly changed, but the N-containing species were detected after the HNO₃ wash. Further spectroscopic analysis showed that the responsible nitrogen species for the red-shifted fluorescence was –NO₂, which possibly stemmed from the C=C reactive sites on the flame-formed carbon dots, as the C=C content decreased while the –NO₂ content increased after the HNO₃ wash. The excited state analysis shows that –NO₂ functional groups can lower the HOMO-LUMO gap of the flame-formed carbon dots and red-shift the 1π→π* transition. The hole-electron analysis shows that the excitation of the unmodified model is the local excitation within the π-conjugated domain, while that of the N-modified model is the charge transfer excitation from the π-conjugated domain to the peripheral –NO₂ functional groups, which can lead to the non-radiative decay and low quantum yield. This work also provides direct evidence for the presence of special reactive sites relevant to C=C on the flame-formed carbon dots that can readily react with HNO₃ at room temperature and load –NO₂ functional groups on them.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100449"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lithium-ion battery remaining useful life prediction for portable medical device safety: a VMD-RVM based approach","authors":"Tiantong Chen ,&nbsp;Hongyang Jin ,&nbsp;Chenyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Huaibin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Medical monitors typically come equipped with lithium-ion batteries as a source of energy supply. With the popularity of monitors, battery management has become an increasingly important indicator for evaluating the effectiveness of monitor usage. The Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of a lithium battery is an important parameter that characterizes the functionality of a battery management system. Accurate prediction of the RUL of a lithium battery can ensure the smooth operation of the battery equipment and guarantee the utilization efficiency of the monitor. In response to the problem of low estimation accuracy caused by complex estimation models in current lithium battery RUL prediction, a lithium battery RUL prediction method using Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) and Relevance Vector Machine (RVM) is proposed by selecting the time when the discharge phase voltage drops to the cut-off voltage as the health indicator. Firstly, the time when the voltage drops to the cut-off voltage during the discharge stage is used as a health indicator, and Spearman correlation analysis is used to determine that the voltage drop time has a strong correlation with the battery's capacity data. Secondly, due to the phenomenon of capacity regeneration in battery capacity, VMD is used to decompose the voltage drop time signal, and RVM is used for training. Finally, the voltage drop time data is input into the VMD-RVM model to obtain the predicted RUL of the battery. Verified using NASA's publicly available dataset, the experimental results show that the VMD-RVM prediction method used in this paper has lower MAE and RMSE compared to EEMD-RVM and EMD-RVM, indicating that the proposed method has higher accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100432"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145651983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of activation-to-energy release on near limit detonations","authors":"Rachel Hytovick,&nbsp;Liliana Berson,&nbsp;Robyn M. Cideme,&nbsp;Kareem A. Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The regularity of cellular detonation has been studied canonically to have a strong dependence on the effective activation energy (ε_i) of the mixture. Other chemical properties, such as heat release rate (HRR), have also been identified as possible influences on detonation regularity. Activation energy and heat release rate are experimentally investigated to resolve a relationship between chemical properties to predict cellular regularity. To examine these parameters, nine mixtures were selected that isolated each constraint over a range of heat capacity ratios to incorporate the underlying gas dynamic effects. To determine statistically significant regularity, each mixture had over 30 realizations in an automated high aspect ratio linear detonation facility. The resulting data showed similar dependences on ε_i and HRR, with mixtures of low ε_i and high HRR yielding the most regular detonations. A ratio of activation energy to heat release rate that definitively compares the amount of energy required to initiate a reaction to the amount of heat emitted by that reaction, is established as an experimentally derived indicator of detonation cell regularity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100431"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of oxygen carrier, CO2/H2O ratio, temperature, and CO2 content in chemical looping reforming of biogas: A parametric experimental study","authors":"Bernardo Herrera ,&nbsp;Martin Greco-Coppi ,&nbsp;Karen Cacua ,&nbsp;Andrés Moreno ,&nbsp;Natalia Suárez ,&nbsp;Bernd Epple","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition toward low-carbon energy systems highlights the potential of biogas valorization as a renewable route for hydrogen generation. Conventional reforming processes are limited by catalyst deactivation caused by coke formation and sintering. Chemical looping reforming (CLR), employing oxygen carriers (OCs), emerges as an alternative by decoupling oxidation and reforming reactions. This study investigates the contribution of individual reactions to hydrogen production and carbon deposition during CLR of a surrogate biogas using a Ni-based low-cost OC. Thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry (TGA-MS) was conducted at 850–950 °C, varying CO₂/H₂O ratios and CO₂ contents (40–60 %). Results show that hydrogen yield and coke formation depend strongly on methane concentration and temperature. Higher CH₄ content (60 %) at 950 °C enhanced hydrogen generation but also increased carbon accumulation during partial oxidation. Steam addition reduced coke via gasification, with minimal influence on hydrogen yield. Hydrogen production was greater at 950 °C, and dry/steam reforming dominated over partial oxidation. The H₂/CO ratio improved with temperature and methane content, while steam effects diminished at advanced stages. Overall, hydrogen formation in biogas CLR is mainly governed by catalyzed reforming and methane decomposition, and a mechanistic pathway is proposed to describe their relative contributions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100444"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of ethanol blending on soot particle evolution in counterflow diffusion flames of a gasoline surrogate","authors":"Fenja Ahrendt ,&nbsp;Robert Schmitz ,&nbsp;Fabian P. Hagen ,&nbsp;Petros Vlavakis ,&nbsp;Dimosthenis Trimis ,&nbsp;Federica Ferraro","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Across all transport sectors, there is an increasing recognition of the importance of reducing not only CO₂ emissions but also other climate-impacting pollutants, such as soot particulate matter. Ethanol, a widely utilized biofuel, has the potential to significantly reduce CO₂ emissions. However, its influence on soot formation when blended with complex hydrocarbon fuels remains unclear. Previous studies showed that blending ethanol above 40<!--> <!-->vol% reduces both the total soot volume fraction and particle diameter, while at lower blending ratios, 20<!--> <!-->vol% ethanol or less, discrepant trends can be found in the literature. In some studies, a synergistic effect has been observed, where ethanol blending with various hydrocarbon fuels promotes soot formation. To address these uncertainties, this study investigates the effects of varying ethanol blending ratios with a gasoline surrogate (90<!--> <!-->vol% iso-octane and 10<!--> <!-->vol% toluene) on soot formation characteristics in a laminar counterflow diffusion flame for ethanol ratios up to 60<!--> <!-->vol%. Experimental and numerical investigations are conducted to understand the effects of ethanol blending on gas-phase products, soot volume fraction and particle size distribution. Gas-Chromatography and two-color Time-Resolved Laser Induced Incandescence (TR-LII) were employed to measure gas species, soot volume fraction and primary particle size distribution, respectively. Numerical simulations are carried out using a detailed soot model based on the Split-based Extended Quadrature Method of Moments (S-EQMOM). Both experimental and numerical results consistently show a non-linear impact of ethanol blending on soot precursors and a non-monotonic effect on particle quantities. Small amounts of ethanol, up to 10<!--> <!-->vol%, have little effect on soot formation. However, higher levels of ethanol significantly reduce soot formation and the diameter of large particles. Analysis of individual soot processes reveals that, when ethanol is added, PAH-related soot processes, such as inception and PAH-deposition, are the limiting steps, while the HACA and soot oxidation mechanisms are less affected.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100435"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}