Animal Research and One Health最新文献

{"title":"The Importance of Animal Welfare Science in Animal Research and One Health","authors":"Laura M. Dixon","doi":"10.1002/aro2.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Animal welfare has been a concern in many societies for decades now. For example, Ruth Harrison published her impactful book, <i>Animal Machines</i>, in 1964, which described the housing and management conditions of farm animals at the time and highlighted the welfare issues observed [<span>1</span>]. There are different definitions of animal welfare in published literature, but in general they relate to the experience of the animal from external (e.g., housing) and internal (e.g., hormone) factors, which are integrated to form the animal's current state or welfare status [<span>2</span>]. Focus has often been on minimizing negative experiences, such as the Five Freedoms framework, which states that animals should have freedom from thirst, hunger, and malnutrition; freedom from discomfort; freedom from pain, injury, and disease; freedom from fear and distress; and freedom to express normal behavior [<span>3</span>]. However, more recently this has been expanded to also include promotion of positive animal welfare, where animals do not just have reduced suffering but also have opportunities to have positive or rewarding experiences [<span>4</span>]. The resultant effects of housing and management on mental state are now often incorporated in animal welfare frameworks [<span>5</span>]. Additionally, animal welfare can be considered on a continuum throughout the animal's life, with the goal that animals should at least experience ‘a life worth living’ overall, and we should strive to provide them ‘a good life’ [<span>6</span>].</p><p>Subjective states and mental experiences of animals are key to animal welfare. However, it is not possible to measure the subjective experiences of others directly [<span>7</span>]. This is where animal welfare science is essential. Animal welfare science uses indicators from multiple scientific disciplines, including animal behavior, stress and neurophysiology, animal science, immunology, psychology, and veterinary science [<span>2</span>]. For example, behavioral motivation testing, where an animal works/overcomes a cost for access to an important resource, and home pen behavior were collected alongside samples of blood, brain, and gut tissues to assess the effects of feed restriction in broiler breeder females [<span>8</span>]. These results showed physiological indicators of hunger, such as increased agouti-related protein (AGRP) [<span>9</span>], and behavioral indicators of hunger, such as paying an increased cost (working harder) to access an area to search for food and increased home pen activity in the feed-restricted birds [<span>10</span>]. This leads to the conclusion that feed-restricted broiler breeders are hungry, and this negatively impacts their welfare.</p><p>These multidisciplinary approaches to assessing animal welfare can be potentially time-consuming and costly. However, after our fundamental understanding is established, measures can be focused on the more important indicators, and ongoing rese","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"3 2","pages":"185-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic Sensitivity of Vibrio spp. and Shewanella algae Isolated From Brood and Egg of Mud Crab Hatchery","authors":"Abul Farah Md. Hasanuzzaman,&nbsp;Nurunnahar Nadira,&nbsp;Anup Sardar,&nbsp;Sabia Islam","doi":"10.1002/aro2.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mud crabs (<i>Scylla</i> spp.) with their high market demand and less susceptibility to diseases are farmed in the coastal waters worldwide. Although the availability of hatchery-produced crablets is a key prerequisite of sustainable Mud crab aquaculture, the hatchery production is at risk from diseases, frequently experiencing bacterial infection. The present study detected <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> and <i>Shewanella algae</i> DW01 strain in Mud crab brood, and <i>Vibrio alginolyticus</i> and <i>Shewanella algae</i> ATCC 51192 strain in egg samples. The antibiotic susceptibility test shows that <i>Vibrio</i> and <i>Shewanella</i> isolates were sensitive to cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, and nitrofurantoin; <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> strain was exclusively sensitive to erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and nalidixic acid; <i>V. alginolyticus to</i> tetracycline; all <i>S</i>. <i>algae</i> strains were found to be sensitive to ciprofloxacin and most (80% isolates) were specifically sensitive to ampicillin, tetracycline, nalidixic acid, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. In contrast, <i>V</i>. <i>alginolyticus</i> strain was resistant to erythromycin, nalidixic acid, penicillin G, and vancomycin; <i>V</i>. <i>parahaemolyticus</i> strain was resistant to oxytetracycline, penicillin G, vancomycin, imipenem, and tetracycline; 60% <i>S</i>. <i>algae</i> strains were resistant to penicillin G and vancomycin. Accordingly, 75% isolates had multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR); <i>V</i>. <i>parahaemolyticus</i>, <i>V</i>. <i>alginolyticus</i>, and one <i>S</i>. <i>alga</i> ATCC 51192 strain had the highest MAR value (0.3571). The results implicate that the isolated <i>Vibrio</i> and <i>Shewanella</i> strains had long-time exposure to several antibiotics, and broad-spectrum antibiotics oxytetracycline, erythromycin, nalidixic acid, and imipenem are no more effective against these bacterial strains. This study suggests the stringent practice of biosecurity measurements and appropriate utilization of approved antibiotics (cefotaxime and gentamicin) in the context of infection type, intensity, and environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"4 1","pages":"55-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.70008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146197004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"mRNA Vaccine Against Mpox: A Promising Healthcare Strategy","authors":"Mohammad Shah Alam,&nbsp;Md. Arman Sharif,&nbsp;Md. Aminul Islam,&nbsp;M. Nazmul Hoque","doi":"10.1002/aro2.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus of the family Poxviridae. It is an enveloped brick-shaped virus with a double-stranded DNA genome of approximately 200,000 bp in length that has two distinct genetic clades: clade I (Ia and Ib) endemic to Central Africa, usually in the Congo, and clade II (IIa and IIb) endemic to West Africa [<span>1</span>]. These two clades showed different patterns of transmission and disease severity. Clade I has a higher potential for human-to-human transmission, mostly through men-to-men sexual contact, and causes severe outcomes with approximately 10% mortality among those infected [<span>2</span>]. In contrast, clade II is less infectious, causes less severe disease, and has a lower mortality rate, around 1%, but has demonstrated the ability to spread more efficiently to nonendemic areas. Since its discovery, Mpox has been associated with small-scale endemic outbreaks in West and Central Africa. However, the number of outbreaks has recently increased. An outbreak of clade II has spread worldwide since May 2022, and the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on July 23, 2022. As of October 25, 2023, more than 91,328 Mpox infections have been reported in 116 countries with 170 deaths [<span>3</span>]. Another outbreak of clade Ib began in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) in December 2023 and spread to neighboring states such as Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, and Uganda. From 2023 to 29 March 2024, the DRC reported 18,922 Mpox cases, including 1007 deaths [<span>4</span>]. As of 14 August 2024, an additional 15,600 confirmed cases and 537 deaths [<span>5</span>], and as of 5 January 2025, another 4058 confirmed cases and 13 deaths [<span>6</span>] were reported.</p><p>Vaccines, notably smallpox vaccines, offer protection against Mpox infection. In contrast, in a recent study, mRNA-1769 showed superior preclinical efficacy in reducing symptoms and viral replication compared to modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) in monkeys, highlighting potential healthcare strategies against future Mpox epidemics as a scalable, safe, and effective alternative vaccine [<span>7</span>]. This commentary discussed the progress in developing mRNA vaccines as a promising healthcare strategy against Mpox.</p><p>The MPXV genome is closely related to other members of the Orthopoxvirus, ranging from the most virulent, variola virus (which causes smallpox) to the less virulent, vaccinia virus (VACV). Vaccines produced from one member of the genus confer immunity against another member. The U.S. Strategic National Stockpile contains several conventional vaccines against smallpox: Aventis Pasteur Smallpox Vaccine (APSV), ACAM2000, JYNNEOS, and LC16m8. Although these vaccines were highly effective, providing lifelong immunity and playing a key role in eradicating smallpox, the APSV and ACAM2","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"3 2","pages":"177-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noncoding RNAs in Host–Microbiota Interaction","authors":"Ziyi Zhao,&nbsp;Ni Li,&nbsp;Jingyi Xu,&nbsp;Jianrong Ren,&nbsp;Xiaojun Yang,&nbsp;Xinyi Li,&nbsp;Junhu Yao,&nbsp;Shengru Wu","doi":"10.1002/aro2.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The dynamic interaction between the gut microbiota and the host significantly affects host biological processes and disease progression. In recent years, the regulatory mechanisms underlying these intricate interactions have been widely studied. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a class of functional RNAs that, despite not being translated into proteins, play critical roles in mediating host–gut microbiota interactions. In this review, we systematically elucidate the mechanisms of action and influence of ncRNAs derived from both hosts and microorganisms. Specifically, certain host ncRNAs depend on the microbiota to modulate gene expression and function, whereas other host ncRNAs can alter the composition and functionality of the gut microbiota. Conversely, bacterial small RNAs (sRNAs) can infiltrate host cells and modulate the expression and functions of host genes. These interactions reveal the complex communication modes between the host and microbiota, providing a new perspective for investigating the occurrence and development of intestinal diseases. Consequently, through the intervention of ncRNAs, host‒microbe interaction dynamics can be effectively regulated, thereby providing potential theoretical and technical foundations for the prevention and treatment of intestinal diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"3 4","pages":"358-367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.70007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145470266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Insights Into the Population and Antibiotic Resistance Changes of Salmonella Pullorum in China","authors":"Ke Wu,&nbsp;Jie Zhang,&nbsp;Jing Zuo,&nbsp;Qian Chen,&nbsp;Honglin Peng,&nbsp;Changwei Lei,&nbsp;Hongning Wang","doi":"10.1002/aro2.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Salmonella</i> Pullorum is a host-restricted pathogen that causes substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. This study explores the genomic characteristics of <i>S</i>. Pullorum based on the genomes available on GenBank, with a particular focus on its evolution and antibiotic resistance in China. The analysis reveals that most <i>S</i>. Pullorum strains belong to ST92 and ST2151. The <i>S</i>. Pullorum strains harbor a complex repertoire of virulence genes and nine antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), including aminoglycoside resistance genes <i>aac</i> (6′)-<i>Iaa</i>, <i>aadA5</i>, <i>aph</i> (3″)-<i>Ib</i>, and <i>aph</i> (6)-<i>Id</i>; the tetracycline resistance gene <i>tet</i>(A); sulfonamide resistance genes <i>dfrA17</i>, <i>sul1</i>, and <i>sul2</i>; and the beta-lactam resistance gene <i>bla</i>_TEM-1B. The IncX1, IncQ1, and IncN plasmids play significant roles in the co-transmission of these ARGs. In addition, phylogenetic analysis indicates a closer genetic relationship among <i>S</i>. Pullorum strains isolated from the same country, highlighting the potential regional transmissions. Notably, <i>S</i>. Pullorum strains in China carry a higher number of ARGs than strains from other countries. Evolutionary dynamics reveals that the population size of <i>S</i>. Pullorum in China has stabilized since 2016, while the antibiotic resistance continues to rise. These results underscore the growing risk of <i>S</i>. Pullorum to the poultry industry and public health in China, highlighting the need for ongoing surveillance and effective control measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"3 2","pages":"188-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.70005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shennong 1 Chicken 40K Liquid Chip: Advancing Genetic Research in Chinese Indigenous Chickens","authors":"Chaoqun Gao,&nbsp;Chenxi Zhang,&nbsp;Kaiyuan Tian,&nbsp;Shucan Zhao,&nbsp;Yongle Xue,&nbsp;Sensen Yan,&nbsp;Chengpeng Xiao,&nbsp;Donghua Li,&nbsp;Guirong Sun,&nbsp;Ruili Han,&nbsp;Ruirui Jiang,&nbsp;Yadong Tian,&nbsp;Wenting Li,&nbsp;Kejun Wang,&nbsp;Xiangtao Kang","doi":"10.1002/aro2.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>China boasts an abundance of indigenous chicken genetic resources, where the exploitation of whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) information offers significant potential for their development. However, the current chicken SNP chips are primarily designed for commercial chickens or a few local breeds. To address this gap, we have developed “Shennong 1 chicken 40K” liquid chip utilizing the genotyping by targeted sequencing. This chip integrates SNPs and present/absent variants and is specifically crafted for Chinese indigenous chickens. It encompasses 44,849 target sites, selected through an integration of whole-genome resequencing data, pan-genome data, genome-wide association study data, and previously reported functional data for economic traits. Compared to published gene chips, this chip contains a higher number of polymorphic loci in Chinese indigenous chickens, demonstrating enhanced applicability. Our validation of the chip on 204 individuals from seven different breeds yielded a mean capture ratio of 99.474% for the target sites, with minor allele frequencies &gt; 0.05 accounting for 98.557% of the total sites. This chip effectively classifies different breeds, aligning clustering results from population structure analysis with actual breed groupings, thereby demonstrating the chip's excellent applicability. Additionally, we identified genes associated with production and environmental adaptation in chickens through selection signal analysis (<i>IGF1, SOX5, CACNA1G,</i> and <i>CXCR4</i>). Importantly, the chip's functional sites allow for precise evaluation, aiding in understanding the economic traits of specific breeds for informed decision-making. Overall, the chip provides essential technical support for the conservation, breeding, identification, and evaluation of Chinese indigenous chicken genetic resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"3 4","pages":"405-419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.70006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145470204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Honey Bee Breeding and Breed: Advancements, Challenges, and Prospects","authors":"Zheguang Lin,&nbsp;Lizhi Yang,&nbsp;Zhi Wang,&nbsp;Kang Wang,&nbsp;Qingsheng Niu,&nbsp;Ting Ji","doi":"10.1002/aro2.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Honey bees occupy a pivotal role in safeguarding ecological balance and bolstering the global agricultural economy through their indispensable pollination services. As the foremost commercial pollinator and producer of bee products, the western honey bees, <i>Apis mellifera</i>, have been extensively domesticated and managed worldwide. To harness their potential and enhance production traits, selective breeding practices are commonly implemented under human management. Nevertheless, despite the significance of these efforts, the foundational theories and concepts that underpin honey bee breeding remain fragmented. In this paper, we discuss the biological taxonomy of <i>A. mellifera</i> and the pertinent issues therein, emphasizing the necessity to recognize it as a domesticated animal and elucidate the concepts associated with livestock breeding. Drawing upon recent advances in the studies of honey bees and other domesticated species, we review the progress and challenges encountered in utilizing traditional breeding methods, which rely on phenotypic selection and natural mating, as well as marker-assisted selections integrating modern biotechnological tools at the molecular level. Moreover, the utilization of gene-editing tools in honey bee breeding is prospected, and the importance of reconciling bee breeding practices with conservation strategies is highlighted. Future research endeavors are anticipated to decipher the intricate genetic architecture underlying honey bee traits and develop precise genetic markers while weighing the ecological consequences of these breeding interventions. Through interdisciplinary collaboration and relentless innovation, robust technological support can be established to restore and protect honey bee populations, thereby ensuring the sustained vitality and contribution of this precious natural resource to our planet.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"3 4","pages":"350-357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145470073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ingestive Behavior and Body Development of Backgrounded Heifers From Three Genotypes in the Brazilian Pantanal","authors":"Maria C. E. Queiroz,&nbsp;Aylpy R. D. Santos,&nbsp;Marcelo Vedovatto,&nbsp;André L. J. Ferraz,&nbsp;Evellyn R. F. Bastianel,&nbsp;Marcus V. M. Oliveira,&nbsp;Rosana M. S. Arruda,&nbsp;Dalton M. Oliveira","doi":"10.1002/aro2.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim was to evaluate the ingestive behavior and body development of backgrounded heifers from three genotypes in the Brazilian Pantanal. Twenty-two heifers with an average body weight of 180 kg and 15 months of age were used, distributed into three genotype groups: eight Nelore (N), seven Nelore × Angus (½ Angus, NA), and seven Nelore × Pantaneiro (½ Pantaneiro, NP). Nelore and NP heifers exhibited similar grazing times, which were higher compared with NA heifers. It was observed that chest depth, heart girth, rump width between ischia, and hook width between ilia values were higher in NA heifers and similar among the other genotypes. The total and average daily gain of NA heifers was higher than N and NP heifers. It is concluded that there are significant differences in ingestive behavior and body development among genotypes, suggesting variations in the capacity of genotypes to adapt to the Pantanal environment. These results suggest that the crossbreeding between Nelore and Angus maximizes the benefits derived from heterosis, as individuals from this cross are more efficient in weight gain and have body development with desirable characteristics. The crossbreeding of the Pantaneiro breed with Nelore resulted in low body development in the NP heifers, indicating limited heterosis gains from this cross, even in the breed's native environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"3 4","pages":"445-453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145469907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental and Nutritional Value of Fruit and Vegetable Peels as Animal Feed: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Muhammad Wasim Haider,&nbsp;Syed Mohsin Abbas,&nbsp;Muhammad Ahmad Saeed,&nbsp;Umar Farooq,&nbsp;Muhammad Waseem,&nbsp;Muhammad Adil,&nbsp;Muhammad Rizwan Javed,&nbsp;Izhar ul Haq,&nbsp;Crossby Osei Tutu","doi":"10.1002/aro2.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fruit and vegetable peels are often regarded as waste, leading to their disposal in landfills. As a result, methane gas emissions during the decomposition of waste lead to the loss of potentially valuable resources. Nonetheless, these peels are an abundant source of nutrients, minerals, and vitamins such as dietary fiber, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, and phenolic compounds, which can enhance animal health and productivity and, as a result, increase the milk and meat production of livestock as well as the drawing power of draught animals. From an environmental perspective, the utilization of peels for animal feed can significantly reduce organic waste accumulation, decrease greenhouse gas emissions associated with waste decomposition, and lower the dependency on conventional feed ingredients such as grains, which are often produced through resource-intensive agricultural practices. To date, no comprehensive review has been found on the nutritional and environmental impact of fruit and vegetable peels as animal feed. This paper aims to explore the nutritional and environmental impact of various kinds of fruit and vegetable peels.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"3 2","pages":"149-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.70002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Induction and Characterization of a Potential Rough-Type Brucella Vaccine Candidate Strain RA343, and Its Safety, Protective Efficacy in Mouse and Guinea Pig Models","authors":"Linjiao Li,&nbsp;Guangzhi Zhang,&nbsp;Minghe Liu,&nbsp;Lang Lv,&nbsp;Xiaowei Peng,&nbsp;Yu Feng,&nbsp;Xiaotong Yang,&nbsp;Jiabo Ding,&nbsp;Chunhai Liu,&nbsp;Jianhua Qin,&nbsp;Peng Li,&nbsp;Hui Jiang,&nbsp;Xuezheng Fan","doi":"10.1002/aro2.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by <i>Brucella</i> spp. which seriously jeopardizes the health and safety of animals and human beings. Therefore, developing a live attenuated vaccine is a priority. In this study, a genetically stable <i>Brucella</i> rough RA343 strain was obtained by cross-induction. The virulence and protective efficacy of RA343 were subsequently assessed, and RA343 showed reduction of survival ability in RAW264.7 cells and low pathogenicity in the murine model in vivo. Immunization with RA343 elevated expression levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α and a robust T-cell immune response in mice. Guinea pigs were inoculated with RA343 at 1 × 10⁹ CFU for single and booster immunization. After the single immunization of RA343, about 60% of guinea pigs could resist the attack of M28 or 2308 strain. The secondary immunization in guinea pigs confer 80% and 70% protection against M28 or 2308 challenges, respectively. Then, the gene expression profile of RAW264.7 cells infected with <i>Brucella abortus</i> A19 or RA343 was analyzed by RNA-seq to investigate the cellular responses immediately after <i>Brucella</i> entry. The RNA-seq analysis revealed that a total of 14,549 genes were significantly regulated by <i>Brucella</i> 1 h postinfection. The differential gene expression was predominantly associated with innate immune responses and many inflammatory pathways, such as MAPK, JAK-STAT, and NF-κB signaling ones. Our findings suggest that the RA343 strain is a promising novel vaccine candidate to protect animals from <i>B. abortus</i> and <i>Brucella melitensis</i> infection. Meanwhile, this study serves as a new reference for investigating the immune regulatory mechanisms of rough <i>Brucella</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"3 2","pages":"195-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}