Animal Research and One Health最新文献

{"title":"One Health and Zoonotic Diseases: A Collaborative Approach to Global Health","authors":"Peng Li, Jiabo Ding","doi":"10.1002/aro2.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<p>“One Health” concept is a worldwide strategy characterized by promoting the integration of human, animal, and environmental health through cross-disciplinary, cross-sectoral, cross-regional communication, and collaboration, aiming to improve health and well-being through the prevention of risks and the mitigation of effects of crises [<span>1</span>]. There was a worldwide consensus on implementing the “One Health” strategy, emphasizing its ability to sustainably improve the health of humans, animals, and ecosystems. “One Health” strategy is critical for tackling modern challenges such as emerging zoonotic diseases, food safety, climate change, and antimicrobial resistance. What's more, animal welfare is an essential part of the “One Health” framework, with animal and human health and the environment being interconnected [<span>2</span>].</p><p>Annually, the health of untold millions of lives around the world are threatened by existing or novel emerging zoonotic diseases. Emerging or re-emerging of the zoonotic infectious diseases is suggested to be promoted by increasing human–animal contacts, international trade of animals, and the expansion of global travel [<span>3</span>]. The transmission and epidemic of zoonotic diseases is a dynamic process, which is jointly affected by all relevant links among humans, animals, and environment, forming a complex network. Given the more and more serious and complex epidemic of zoonotic diseases that have become a globally substantial risk to the health of animals and humans, it is clear that the “One Health” concept must be addressed for combating emerging zoonotic diseases at the human–animal–environment interface. When the practice of “One Health” concept is properly implemented, it will be an effective strategy to tackle zoonotic diseases. The European Union and the United States have provided funding to support interdisciplinary research within the “One Health” strategy, such as research on interventions for emerging zoonotic diseases and early warning systems of threats to humans from animals [<span>4</span>]. It is reported that investing in the “One Health” concept to mitigate pandemics by reducing the impact of their underlying drivers are likely to be more effective than business as usual, saving over $300 billion worldwide over the next century [<span>5</span>]. A five-step framework, “Generalizable One Health Framework (GOHF)”, was developed by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), which provides structure for using the “One Health” approach in zoonotic disease programs being implemented in technical domains including laboratory, surveillance, joint outbreak response, prevention and control, preparedness, communication, and government and policy at the local, sub-national, national, regional, or international level [<span>6</span>]. In China, the “One Health” concept is gaining recognition as an effective way","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"3 2","pages":"146-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.70011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Citedness of Animal Welfare Research in Policy Using the Overton Database","authors":"Nathalie Cornée","doi":"10.1002/aro2.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The field of animal welfare research has grown rapidly over the last 20 years [<span>1</span>]. Although it has been possible to analyze the citation performance of these research works within academia either to understand their scientific significance or for evaluation purposes (and measure the “academic impact”), conducting similar analyses beyond academia has proven to be much more difficult until recently. Nevertheless, demonstrating the “societal impact” of research—its relevance and use beyond academia, particularly in policy—has become increasingly important for researchers. Altmetrics tools have emerged to track how research is cited in non-academic spheres such as news outlets, social media, and policy documents.</p><p>This commentary highlights the citedness of peer reviewed animal welfare research in policy. Although this analysis provides insights into citation patterns of the research, further research is needed to contextualize why those outputs got cited by policymakers.</p><p>Overton is a trusted and comprehensive full text policy document database. These documents produced by government bodies, intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), health agencies, and think tanks are linked to the academic research they cite. Overton also tracks policy to policy citations enabling deeper analysis of how ideas propagate within the policymaking process.</p><p>A policy document in Overton is defined “as a publication written by or primarily for policymakers.” This definition intends to be broad in order to capture any publications aimed at policymakers.</p><p>The database covers documents from over 190 countries and more than 100 IGOs, but there are some geographical disparities due to the availability of the policy documents. Overton only captures policy documents which are available online and this means that the numbers and locations of policy documents in Overton show a bias toward knowledge economies and other countries with a stronger productivity and online presence. Additionally, its coverage of policy documents is strongest from 2015 onward, with 79% of its documents published after 2012.</p><p>The commentary analyzed animal welfare research published between 2003 and 2022, using OpenAlex to identify 9315 primary articles. Of these, 4060 had Digital Object Identifier (DOI) bearing in mind that some of the author affiliation data were missing for 19% of DOIs.</p><p>Five hundred and fifty-eight of those DOIs (14%) were cited by at least one policy document according to Overton. Interestingly, the 2021 Pinheiro study suggested that less than 6% of academic outputs get referenced in policy documents (this percentage tends to fluctuate depending on the research area and also the age of the cited research which has more time to accrue citations) [<span>2</span>]. This would indicate that animal welfare is relatively well-represented in policy discussions.</p><p>Overall, the citation distribution is skewed with nearly half (48%) of the cited","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"3 2","pages":"181-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.70010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Importance of Animal Welfare Science in Animal Research and One Health","authors":"Laura M. Dixon","doi":"10.1002/aro2.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Animal welfare has been a concern in many societies for decades now. For example, Ruth Harrison published her impactful book, <i>Animal Machines</i>, in 1964, which described the housing and management conditions of farm animals at the time and highlighted the welfare issues observed [<span>1</span>]. There are different definitions of animal welfare in published literature, but in general they relate to the experience of the animal from external (e.g., housing) and internal (e.g., hormone) factors, which are integrated to form the animal's current state or welfare status [<span>2</span>]. Focus has often been on minimizing negative experiences, such as the Five Freedoms framework, which states that animals should have freedom from thirst, hunger, and malnutrition; freedom from discomfort; freedom from pain, injury, and disease; freedom from fear and distress; and freedom to express normal behavior [<span>3</span>]. However, more recently this has been expanded to also include promotion of positive animal welfare, where animals do not just have reduced suffering but also have opportunities to have positive or rewarding experiences [<span>4</span>]. The resultant effects of housing and management on mental state are now often incorporated in animal welfare frameworks [<span>5</span>]. Additionally, animal welfare can be considered on a continuum throughout the animal's life, with the goal that animals should at least experience ‘a life worth living’ overall, and we should strive to provide them ‘a good life’ [<span>6</span>].</p><p>Subjective states and mental experiences of animals are key to animal welfare. However, it is not possible to measure the subjective experiences of others directly [<span>7</span>]. This is where animal welfare science is essential. Animal welfare science uses indicators from multiple scientific disciplines, including animal behavior, stress and neurophysiology, animal science, immunology, psychology, and veterinary science [<span>2</span>]. For example, behavioral motivation testing, where an animal works/overcomes a cost for access to an important resource, and home pen behavior were collected alongside samples of blood, brain, and gut tissues to assess the effects of feed restriction in broiler breeder females [<span>8</span>]. These results showed physiological indicators of hunger, such as increased agouti-related protein (AGRP) [<span>9</span>], and behavioral indicators of hunger, such as paying an increased cost (working harder) to access an area to search for food and increased home pen activity in the feed-restricted birds [<span>10</span>]. This leads to the conclusion that feed-restricted broiler breeders are hungry, and this negatively impacts their welfare.</p><p>These multidisciplinary approaches to assessing animal welfare can be potentially time-consuming and costly. However, after our fundamental understanding is established, measures can be focused on the more important indicators, and ongoing rese","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"3 2","pages":"185-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"mRNA Vaccine Against Mpox: A Promising Healthcare Strategy","authors":"Mohammad Shah Alam, Md. Arman Sharif, Md. Aminul Islam, M. Nazmul Hoque","doi":"10.1002/aro2.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus of the family Poxviridae. It is an enveloped brick-shaped virus with a double-stranded DNA genome of approximately 200,000 bp in length that has two distinct genetic clades: clade I (Ia and Ib) endemic to Central Africa, usually in the Congo, and clade II (IIa and IIb) endemic to West Africa [<span>1</span>]. These two clades showed different patterns of transmission and disease severity. Clade I has a higher potential for human-to-human transmission, mostly through men-to-men sexual contact, and causes severe outcomes with approximately 10% mortality among those infected [<span>2</span>]. In contrast, clade II is less infectious, causes less severe disease, and has a lower mortality rate, around 1%, but has demonstrated the ability to spread more efficiently to nonendemic areas. Since its discovery, Mpox has been associated with small-scale endemic outbreaks in West and Central Africa. However, the number of outbreaks has recently increased. An outbreak of clade II has spread worldwide since May 2022, and the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on July 23, 2022. As of October 25, 2023, more than 91,328 Mpox infections have been reported in 116 countries with 170 deaths [<span>3</span>]. Another outbreak of clade Ib began in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) in December 2023 and spread to neighboring states such as Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, and Uganda. From 2023 to 29 March 2024, the DRC reported 18,922 Mpox cases, including 1007 deaths [<span>4</span>]. As of 14 August 2024, an additional 15,600 confirmed cases and 537 deaths [<span>5</span>], and as of 5 January 2025, another 4058 confirmed cases and 13 deaths [<span>6</span>] were reported.</p><p>Vaccines, notably smallpox vaccines, offer protection against Mpox infection. In contrast, in a recent study, mRNA-1769 showed superior preclinical efficacy in reducing symptoms and viral replication compared to modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) in monkeys, highlighting potential healthcare strategies against future Mpox epidemics as a scalable, safe, and effective alternative vaccine [<span>7</span>]. This commentary discussed the progress in developing mRNA vaccines as a promising healthcare strategy against Mpox.</p><p>The MPXV genome is closely related to other members of the Orthopoxvirus, ranging from the most virulent, variola virus (which causes smallpox) to the less virulent, vaccinia virus (VACV). Vaccines produced from one member of the genus confer immunity against another member. The U.S. Strategic National Stockpile contains several conventional vaccines against smallpox: Aventis Pasteur Smallpox Vaccine (APSV), ACAM2000, JYNNEOS, and LC16m8. Although these vaccines were highly effective, providing lifelong immunity and playing a key role in eradicating smallpox, the APSV and ACAM2","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"3 2","pages":"177-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Insights Into the Population and Antibiotic Resistance Changes of Salmonella Pullorum in China","authors":"Ke Wu,&nbsp;Jie Zhang,&nbsp;Jing Zuo,&nbsp;Qian Chen,&nbsp;Honglin Peng,&nbsp;Changwei Lei,&nbsp;Hongning Wang","doi":"10.1002/aro2.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Salmonella</i> Pullorum is a host-restricted pathogen that causes substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. This study explores the genomic characteristics of <i>S</i>. Pullorum based on the genomes available on GenBank, with a particular focus on its evolution and antibiotic resistance in China. The analysis reveals that most <i>S</i>. Pullorum strains belong to ST92 and ST2151. The <i>S</i>. Pullorum strains harbor a complex repertoire of virulence genes and nine antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), including aminoglycoside resistance genes <i>aac</i> (6′)-<i>Iaa</i>, <i>aadA5</i>, <i>aph</i> (3″)-<i>Ib</i>, and <i>aph</i> (6)-<i>Id</i>; the tetracycline resistance gene <i>tet</i>(A); sulfonamide resistance genes <i>dfrA17</i>, <i>sul1</i>, and <i>sul2</i>; and the beta-lactam resistance gene <i>bla</i>_TEM-1B. The IncX1, IncQ1, and IncN plasmids play significant roles in the co-transmission of these ARGs. In addition, phylogenetic analysis indicates a closer genetic relationship among <i>S</i>. Pullorum strains isolated from the same country, highlighting the potential regional transmissions. Notably, <i>S</i>. Pullorum strains in China carry a higher number of ARGs than strains from other countries. Evolutionary dynamics reveals that the population size of <i>S</i>. Pullorum in China has stabilized since 2016, while the antibiotic resistance continues to rise. These results underscore the growing risk of <i>S</i>. Pullorum to the poultry industry and public health in China, highlighting the need for ongoing surveillance and effective control measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"3 2","pages":"188-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.70005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental and Nutritional Value of Fruit and Vegetable Peels as Animal Feed: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Muhammad Wasim Haider,&nbsp;Syed Mohsin Abbas,&nbsp;Muhammad Ahmad Saeed,&nbsp;Umar Farooq,&nbsp;Muhammad Waseem,&nbsp;Muhammad Adil,&nbsp;Muhammad Rizwan Javed,&nbsp;Izhar ul Haq,&nbsp;Crossby Osei Tutu","doi":"10.1002/aro2.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fruit and vegetable peels are often regarded as waste, leading to their disposal in landfills. As a result, methane gas emissions during the decomposition of waste lead to the loss of potentially valuable resources. Nonetheless, these peels are an abundant source of nutrients, minerals, and vitamins such as dietary fiber, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, and phenolic compounds, which can enhance animal health and productivity and, as a result, increase the milk and meat production of livestock as well as the drawing power of draught animals. From an environmental perspective, the utilization of peels for animal feed can significantly reduce organic waste accumulation, decrease greenhouse gas emissions associated with waste decomposition, and lower the dependency on conventional feed ingredients such as grains, which are often produced through resource-intensive agricultural practices. To date, no comprehensive review has been found on the nutritional and environmental impact of fruit and vegetable peels as animal feed. This paper aims to explore the nutritional and environmental impact of various kinds of fruit and vegetable peels.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"3 2","pages":"149-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.70002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Induction and Characterization of a Potential Rough-Type Brucella Vaccine Candidate Strain RA343, and Its Safety, Protective Efficacy in Mouse and Guinea Pig Models","authors":"Linjiao Li,&nbsp;Guangzhi Zhang,&nbsp;Minghe Liu,&nbsp;Lang Lv,&nbsp;Xiaowei Peng,&nbsp;Yu Feng,&nbsp;Xiaotong Yang,&nbsp;Jiabo Ding,&nbsp;Chunhai Liu,&nbsp;Jianhua Qin,&nbsp;Peng Li,&nbsp;Hui Jiang,&nbsp;Xuezheng Fan","doi":"10.1002/aro2.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by <i>Brucella</i> spp. which seriously jeopardizes the health and safety of animals and human beings. Therefore, developing a live attenuated vaccine is a priority. In this study, a genetically stable <i>Brucella</i> rough RA343 strain was obtained by cross-induction. The virulence and protective efficacy of RA343 were subsequently assessed, and RA343 showed reduction of survival ability in RAW264.7 cells and low pathogenicity in the murine model in vivo. Immunization with RA343 elevated expression levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α and a robust T-cell immune response in mice. Guinea pigs were inoculated with RA343 at 1 × 10⁹ CFU for single and booster immunization. After the single immunization of RA343, about 60% of guinea pigs could resist the attack of M28 or 2308 strain. The secondary immunization in guinea pigs confer 80% and 70% protection against M28 or 2308 challenges, respectively. Then, the gene expression profile of RAW264.7 cells infected with <i>Brucella abortus</i> A19 or RA343 was analyzed by RNA-seq to investigate the cellular responses immediately after <i>Brucella</i> entry. The RNA-seq analysis revealed that a total of 14,549 genes were significantly regulated by <i>Brucella</i> 1 h postinfection. The differential gene expression was predominantly associated with innate immune responses and many inflammatory pathways, such as MAPK, JAK-STAT, and NF-κB signaling ones. Our findings suggest that the RA343 strain is a promising novel vaccine candidate to protect animals from <i>B. abortus</i> and <i>Brucella melitensis</i> infection. Meanwhile, this study serves as a new reference for investigating the immune regulatory mechanisms of rough <i>Brucella</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"3 2","pages":"195-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RNA-Based Biopesticides: Pioneering Precision Solutions for Sustainable Aquaculture in China","authors":"Yiran Huang,&nbsp;Yingmin Dai,&nbsp;Zhuotong Huang,&nbsp;Mengqi Zhang,&nbsp;Lijun Xiu,&nbsp;Xianhui Zhang,&nbsp;Youyu Zhang,&nbsp;Lixing Huang","doi":"10.1002/aro2.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<p>RNA-based biopesticides, heralding the third revolution in agricultural pest and disease control, emerge as pivotal for sustainable aquaculture in China. This review delves into the background, evolution, and applications of RNA biopesticides, emphasizing their transformative impact on aquaculture disease management. RNA-based biopesticides offer myriad advantages. Utilizing dsRNA formulations ensures species-specific targeting, thereby minimizing effects on nontarget organisms. Swift environmental degradation of dsRNA addresses concerns about residual effects and pollution. Crucially, the host’s genetic structure remains unchanged, averting heritable variations. Additionally, resistance challenges are easily mitigated through targeted gene replacement. Nevertheless, challenges impede the technology’s full potential. Factors such as target gene selection, varying effectiveness across pests, and susceptibility of dsRNA to pathogen degradation can influence overall efficacy. The widespread use of RNA pesticides prompts scrutiny of their impact on nontarget organisms’ immune systems, necessitating meticulous consideration of exogenous dsRNA biosafety. Furthermore, assessing the toxicity of viruses and microorganisms as dsRNA carriers is crucial. High production costs and lower efficiency in large-scale production compared to conventional pesticides demand urgent attention. Future research should prioritize the optimization of dsRNA delivery systems to improve stability and targeting precision. Investigating the integration of RNA-based pesticides with other sustainable agricultural practices may further mitigate environmental impacts. Moreover, advancements in cost-effective production techniques and regulatory frameworks will be critical for enabling the widespread adoption of RNA biopesticides, thereby securing their role in the future management of global aquaculture diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"3 2","pages":"165-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.70000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Haemato-biochemistry, erythromorphology, and histopathology of Oreochromis niloticus as influenced by Aeromonas hydrophila infection and florfenicol therapy","authors":"Joshi Sharon,&nbsp;Thangapalam Jawahar Abraham,&nbsp;Arya Sen,&nbsp;Ratnapriya Das,&nbsp;Priyanka Sinha,&nbsp;Satyanarayana Boda,&nbsp;Prasanna Kumar Patil","doi":"10.1002/aro2.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> infection is one of the key factors limiting tilapia production, and antibiotics play important roles in the control of diseases. This study evaluated the effectiveness of florfenicol (FFC) when administered orally at the therapeutic dose of 15 mg/kg fish biomass/day for 10 days against <i>A. hydrophila</i> infection in <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> in terms of survival, changes in haemato-biochemistry, erythrocyte morphology, and histoarchitecture of the vital organs. <i>A. hydrophila</i> was moderately virulent to tilapia with an LD₅₀ of 1.15 × 10⁷ cells/fish. When challenged, it caused systemic infection in fish. The challenged fish were lethargic, wandered around the corners, rested at the bottom, swam vertically, and darkly pigmented. The FFC therapy effectively reduced bacteria-induced mortalities and physiological stress as the measured haemato-biochemical parameters indicated. The histopathological findings suggested alterations in tissue architecture of the kidney and liver tissues, which improved in the treated fish. Erythrocytes of the challenged fish showed elongated, irregular-shaped, tear-drop-shaped, crenated, and hypochromic erythrocytes, ragged cytoplasmic membranes, vacuolation, hypertrophied nucleus, and eccentric nucleus. These morphological alterations were reduced with FFC therapy. Compared to the untreated group, the FFC treatment normalized the haemato-biochemical parameters, improved wound healing, and promoted fish recovery against bacterial infections. The results hinted at the effectiveness of FFC against <i>A. hydrophila</i> infection in <i>O. niloticus</i> juveniles at the therapeutic dose. However, care must be taken for its judicious aquacultural application to avoid its negative impacts on fish, the environment, and consumers.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"3 1","pages":"54-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.100","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The E-volution in swine nutrition: Current perspectives on vitamin E","authors":"Yauheni Shastak,&nbsp;Wolf Pelletier","doi":"10.1002/aro2.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.93","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This review provides an in-depth analysis of vitamin E's multifaceted role in swine nutrition, incorporating both traditional insights and contemporary research. It begins with an exploration of vitamin E from an evolutionary perspective, followed by a detailed examination of its absorption, metabolism, and excretion in swine. The review emphasizes the micronutrient's critical functions in swine physiology, particularly its antioxidant properties and its emerging links to epigenetics, which include deoxyribonucleic acid methylation, histone modification, and noncoding ribonucleic acid regulation. The interactions of vitamin E with other dietary components are discussed, along with established nutritional requirements and current recommendations for supplementation. Additionally, the health benefits and performance improvements associated with vitamin E are presented, emphasizing its importance in immune function, growth, and meat quality. Despite extensive research, the review identifies gaps in understanding the bioavailability and long-term impacts of different vitamin E isoforms and supra-nutritional supplementation levels. It concludes with a discussion of research gaps and future directions, particularly the need for studies on the long-term effects of high-dose vitamin E supplementation and the influence of environmental factors on its metabolism. Through this comprehensive synthesis, this study aims to provide a holistic understanding of vitamin E's essential contributions to swine health and nutrition, with the goal of informing better dietary practices and enhancing swine productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"3 1","pages":"2-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.93","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}