Animal Research and One Health最新文献

{"title":"Obesity and oxidative stress: Implications for female fertility","authors":"Nuo Heng,&nbsp;Huabin Zhu,&nbsp;Anup Kumar Talukder,&nbsp;Shanjiang Zhao","doi":"10.1002/aro2.82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.82","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in most parts of the world, and it is estimated that 1 billion people globally are trapped in an obesity pandemic, which has seriously compromised human health. Recently, there has been a flood of research into obesity as well as redox and lipid metabolism; however, our understanding of the pathways and specific molecular mechanisms by which obesity-induced oxidative stress affects female reproductive function remains limited. In this review, we discuss how the obesity pandemic has led to lower female fertility. We focus on multiple facets of obesity-mediated reproductive dysfunction, including follicular atresia, oocyte maturation, embryo implantation, reproductive aging, and discuss therapeutic interventions that have the potential to normalize reproductive function in obese females, such as targeting mitochondrial lipid metabolism and antioxidant pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"2 4","pages":"377-399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.82","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142664826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of One Welfare by Rebeca García Pinillos","authors":"Donald M. Broom","doi":"10.1002/aro2.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.78","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Attitudes to the position of humans in the world, the status of nonhuman animals, and ideas about animal welfare have developed rapidly in recent years. This is partly because of a change in world economics, as consumers now have more power and dictate what they will buy, and partly because of advances in knowledge about the biology of all animals, including humans and the increasing damage to the world that is the result of human action [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The economic change is from a push economy, driven largely by producers, to a pull economy, driven largely by consumers. Consumers now wish to avoid products and actions that they consider to be morally wrong. More and more they are refusing to buy anything that is not sustainably produced. A system or procedure is sustainable if it is acceptable now and if its expected future effects are acceptable, particularly in relation to resource availability, consequences of functioning, and morality of action [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. Modern consumers require transparency in commercial and government activities and take account of the ethics of production when they evaluate product quality. There are many components of sustainability and all should be taken into account but, for food products, many consumers in countries where surveys have been conducted consider the welfare of animals used in or affected by production to be a very important part of sustainability. For example, consumers are refusing to buy pig meat if the sows have been kept in stalls or tethers, eggs or egg products from hens in battery cages, or crop products if many bees, birds, or people have died as a result of herbicide or pesticide use.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The concepts of one biology, one health, and one welfare emphasize that each of these words mean the same whether the subject of the biology, health, or welfare is human or nonhuman [&lt;span&gt;3, 4&lt;/span&gt;]. Moral action is not just about humans but concerns all sentient animals, and to some extent, all living beings. In the introduction to her book, Rebeca Garcia Pinillos emphasizes these points and says “One Welfare is a concept that encompasses, in a multidimensional way, a number of areas, including: the problems of animal production, workers and the impact on the environment of livestock farms; the reduction of violence across the world; and the connection between poor animal and human welfare states and how improved animal welfare can help improve human welfare.” Monique Eloit, Director General of the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), in a foreword to this book, has emphasized that the book develops further the “now well accepted” concept of One Health and “with the adoption of the OIE Global Animal Welfare Strategy during the 85th OIE General Session in May 2017, the OIE has specifically acknowledged the importance of multi-stakeholder and interdisciplinary approaches to animal welfare, and integrated this into our work”.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The extent to which scientific studies of welfare ","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"3 1","pages":"143-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.78","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partially substituting alfalfa hay with hemp forage promotes the health and well-being of goats via altering ruminal and plasma metabolites and metabolic pathways","authors":"Tao Ran,&nbsp;Guowang Luo,&nbsp;Yipeng Yue,&nbsp;Zhipeng Xu,&nbsp;Zunji Shi,&nbsp;Zhaomin Lei,&nbsp;Wenzhu Yang,&nbsp;Duanqin Wu","doi":"10.1002/aro2.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.77","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hemp forage (HF) seems a suitable forage for ruminants for its high nutritional value and rich phytochemicals that exert health and growth-promoting activities. We investigated the effects of hemp-related phytochemicals on rumen and plasma metabolism using metabolome when partially substituting alfalfa hay with HF in goat diets. Numbers of differential metabolites linearly increased with increasing HF substituting rate, approximately 50% of which were phytochemicals. Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis showed that the inclusion of HF greatly promoted steroid hormone biosynthesis, one carbon pool by folate, and retinol metabolism pathways in both rumen and plasma, which are beneficial for promoting animal health and well-being and enhancing the quality of animal products. Some phytochemicals showed inhibitory activities on the growth of certain ruminal bacteria; meanwhile, the detected intermediate metabolites indicated degradation of the phytochemicals by ruminal microbes. These phytochemicals work individually and synergistically to alter ruminal and plasma metabolic pathways, thus exerting benefits in promoting the health and well-being of animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"3 1","pages":"82-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.77","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143490043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CircDYRK1A regulates bovine myoblasts development by binding miR21-5p to affect KLF5 gene expression","authors":"Peng Yang,&nbsp;Xinmiao Li,&nbsp;Lei Du,&nbsp;Shijie Lyu,&nbsp;Zijing Zhang,&nbsp;Fengpeng Lin,&nbsp;Xinglei Qi,&nbsp;Xian Liu,&nbsp;Eryao Wang,&nbsp;Chuzhao Lei,&nbsp;Yongzhen Huang","doi":"10.1002/aro2.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.76","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Circular RNA (circRNA), a stable ring-shaped RNA molecule found in eukaryotic cells, plays significant roles in biological regulation, particularly by interfering with transcription factor binding or enhancing gene expression. Using transcriptomic sequencing, we identified differentially expressed circRNAs in bovine muscle at various time points. Specifically, circDYRK1A was discovered and shown to enhance differentiation while suppressing proliferation of adult myoblasts. Rescue experiments further demonstrated that circDYRK1A regulates the KLF5 gene expression by interacting with miR21-5p, thus exerting its influence at the transcriptional level. This study marks the first identification of circDYRK1A in cattle and elucidates its role in bovine myoblast development through the circDYRK1A-miR21-5p-KLF5 regulatory axis. These findings contribute novel insights into molecular breeding of cattle and advance fundamental research on beef cattle breeding and muscle development.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"2 4","pages":"431-445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.76","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature and humidity as drivers for the transmission of zoonotic diseases","authors":"Li Zhang,&nbsp;Chenrui Lv,&nbsp;Wenqiang Guo,&nbsp;Zhenzhuo Li","doi":"10.1002/aro2.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.75","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Zoonotic diseases remain a persistent threat to global public health. Many major zoonotic pathogens exhibit seasonal patterns associated with climatic variations. Quantifying the impacts of environmental variables such as temperature and humidity on disease transmission dynamics is critical for improving prediction and control measures. This review synthesizes current evidence on the relationships between temperature and humidity and major zoonotic diseases, including malaria, dengue, rabies, anisakiasis, and influenza. Overall, this review highlighted some overarching themes across the different zoonotic diseases examined. Higher temperatures within suitable ranges were generally associated with increased transmission risks, while excessively high or low temperatures had adverse effects. Humidity exhibited complex nonlinear relationships, facilitating transmission in certain temperature zones but inhibiting it in others. Heavy rainfall and high humidity were linked to vector-borne disease outbreaks such as malaria by enabling vector breeding. However, reduced incidence of some diseases like dengue fever was observed with high rainfall. To address existing knowledge gaps, future research efforts should prioritize several key areas: enhancing data quality through robust surveillance and the integration of high-resolution microclimate data; standardizing analytical frameworks and leveraging advanced methodologies such as machine learning; conducting mechanistic studies to elucidate pathogen, vector, and host responses to climatic stimuli; adopting interdisciplinary approaches to account for interacting drivers; and projecting disease impacts under various climate change scenarios to inform adaptation strategies. Investing in these research priorities can propel the development of evidence-based climate-aware disease prediction and control measures, ultimately safeguarding public health more effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"2 3","pages":"323-336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.75","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142013489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Free iron accumulation and oxidative stress burden induce ferroptotic atrophy of chicken yolk sac during the late embryogenesis","authors":"Huichao Liu,&nbsp;Zehe Song,&nbsp;Xi He,&nbsp;Haihan Zhang","doi":"10.1002/aro2.74","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aro2.74","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of iron homeostasis and the ferroptosis pathway for yolk sac atrophy during late embryogenesis. To study the mechanism of yolk sac atrophy, 100 eggs were used. Further, 500 eggs were randomly divided into five treatments and in ovo feeding with different iron sources, such as FeSO₄, ferrous glycinate (Fe-Gly), or deferoxamine (DFO), to study the effects of free iron content on hatching quality and embryonic development. The results showed that total iron content of yolk decreased, but yolk sac increased from embryonic(E)13 to E19 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Comparison of gene expression of iron transport systems showed that free iron accumulation and dysfunction occurred in the yolk sac. Yolk sac metabolites at E19 compared to E13 were more enriched in histidine and sulfur pathways, suppressing glutathione synthesis and resulting in oxidative stress damage in the yolk sac. Combined analysis of differential metabolites and gene expression in ferroptosis pathway at E13 and E19 revealed the activation of the yolk sac during late embryogenesis was probably through up-regulation of <i>ACSL4</i> expression and down-regulation of <i>GPX4</i> expression. Furthermore, in ovo feeding FeSO₄ shortened the incubation time compared to CON, while Fe-Gly or DFO delayed the hatching peak and increased hatching weight with less residual yolk. Collectively, it can be concluded that yolk sac atrophy during late embryogenesis may be mediated by iron disorders and provides a novel insight to modulate yolk sac nutrition, and hatching efficiency in chickens.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"2 3","pages":"285-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.74","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141668547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection of the most informative wavenumbers to improve prediction accuracy of milk fatty acid profile based on milk mid-infrared spectra data","authors":"Wenqi Lou,&nbsp;Luiz F. Brito,&nbsp;Xiuxin Zhao,&nbsp;Valentina Bonfatti,&nbsp;Jianbin Li,&nbsp;Yachun Wang","doi":"10.1002/aro2.72","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aro2.72","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Milk mid-infrared (MIR) spectra have been shown to provide valuable information on a wide range of traits to be used in dairy cattle breeding programs. Selecting the most informative variables from complex data can improve the prediction accuracy and model robustness and, consequently, the interpretability of MIR spectra. Thus, we aimed to investigate the prediction performance of feature selection methods based on MIR spectra data, using the milk fatty acid (FA) profile as an example to illustrate the evaluated procedure. Data of MIR spectra, milk test-day records, and reference FA concentrations of 155 first-parity Holstein cows were used in the analyses. Four models comprising different explanatory variables and three feature selection methods were evaluated. The results indicated that competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) method can effectively select the most informative variables from the MIR spectra, resulting in higher prediction accuracies than other variable selection approaches. The model including selected MIR spectra and cow information variables yielded the best FA profile predictions based on partial least square regression. C8:0, C10:0, C14:1, C17:0 isomers, C18:1, C18:1 isomer, medium-chain FA, unsaturation FA, monounsaturated FA, and polyunsaturated FA presented accuracies based on the determination coefficient ranging from 0.66 to 0.85 in internal validation and from 0.65 to 0.84 in external validation. The most related wavenumbers to 35 FAs were found within 1003 to 1145 cm⁻¹. Generally, using CARS and cow information improved predictions of FAs based on MIR spectra in Chinese Holstein dairy cows. Additional validation studies should be conducted as larger datasets become available.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"2 4","pages":"417-430"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.72","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional roles of folic acid in alleviating dexamethasone-induced fatty liver syndrome in laying hens","authors":"Xi Sun,&nbsp;Junjie Ma,&nbsp;Chaohui Wang,&nbsp;Zhouzheng Ren,&nbsp;Xin Yang,&nbsp;Xiaojun Yang,&nbsp;Yanli Liu","doi":"10.1002/aro2.73","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aro2.73","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fatty liver syndrome (FLS) poses a threat to the poultry industry due to its high occurrence and mortality rate. Folic acid (FA) is a coenzyme crucial for one-carbon metabolism. However, the mechanism by which FA mitigates FLS in laying hens remains elusive. In this study, 60 21-week-old Hy-Line Brown layers were divided into three groups: the Control (Con) group, the dexamethasone (DXM) group, and the DXM + FA group. Results showed that liver index was significantly increased in the DXM group. H&amp;E and oil red O staining showed the accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver was intensified, confirming the successful establishment of an early fatty liver model without inflammation. FA significantly reversed hepatic lipid deposition, and 57 differentially expressed genes affected by FA were identified in the transcriptome analysis. Their transcriptional and translational levels indicate that in the early FLS, insulin-like growth factor 2/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway related to lipid metabolism was activated; folate cycling was inhibited, while endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis-related protein abundance were elevated. Dietary FA enhanced the folate circulation, reduced lipogenesis and ER stress, and apoptosis-related protein expression, thereby mitigating the lipid metabolism disturbance in FLS. Metabolomics identified 151 differential metabolites involved in early FLS occurrence, 34 of which were reversed by FA. Metabolites were also enriched in pathways related to lipid metabolism and hepatic damage. Collectively, these findings can be concluded that FA can alleviate early FLS by affecting lipogenesis, ER stress and apoptosis, which may be mediated by enhanced folate metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"3 1","pages":"114-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.73","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141684274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The gene IFIT1 is associated with dietary copper-induced yellow fat disease in sheep","authors":"Depeng Li,&nbsp;Juncai Fu","doi":"10.1002/aro2.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.66","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the process of rapid fattening and rearing of meat sheep, yellow fat disease of sheep occurs frequently. This study aims to investigate the preliminary pathogenesis of yellow fat disease in sheep. Eighteen healthy sheep (4–5 months old, 34 ± 1 kg) were selected and randomly divided into three groups: the 10 ppm copper group, the 50 ppm copper group, and the 100 ppm copper group. At the end of the experiment, blood, liver, kidney, and adipose tissue samples were taken from all sheep, and measurements of each index were taken. 50 and 100 ppm copper supplementation in the diets did not significantly affect average daily gain, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and sorbitol dehydrogenase in sheep but significantly increased the effects on gamma-glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase enzyme activities in the liver and increased the accumulation of copper in the liver. 50 and 100 ppm copper supplementation to the feed caused different levels of pathological damage to the liver, the kidney, and fat and significantly affected the brightness, redness, and yellowness of the carcass fat. Sheep in the 50 ppm copper group did not show significant clinical symptoms of yellow fat disease in the later period of the experiment, but those in the 100 ppm copper group showed significant clinical symptoms of yellow fat disease. Transcriptome analysis of sheep livers showed differential genes associated with yellow fat disease, and GO and KEGG analyses associated with yellow fat disease were performed, and further correlation analysis found that the occurrence of copper-induced yellow fat disease may be closely related to gene <i>IFIT1</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"2 3","pages":"273-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.66","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142013515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomic analysis reveals the molecular mechanism related to leg abnormality in broilers","authors":"Jumei Zheng, Qi Zhang, Xinxin Tang, Fan Ying, Dawei Liu, Sen Li, Ranran Liu, Jie Wen, QingHe Li, Guiping Zhao","doi":"10.1002/aro2.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.63","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid body weight gain in broilers overloads the metabolic system of the organism, resulting in leg abnormalities, which seriously affects animal welfare and industry economics. In this study, broilers with normal and deformed leg bones were examined. Serum biochemical indices showed that the serum calcium to phosphorus ratio was extremely decreased in leg deformed group. In addition, abnormal serum lipid levels suggested a disruption in lipid metabolism. Based on widely targeted metabonomic analysis of serum and cartilage tissues, a total of nine differential metabolites (DMs) significantly associated with leg abnormalities and serum calcium and phosphorus levels were screened, including carnitine C16:0, carnitine C18:1, 3‐hydroxymethyl‐L‐tyrosine, cis‐4‐hydroxy‐D‐proline, cis‐L‐3‐hydroxyproline, trans‐4‐hydroxy‐L‐proline, and so on. Pathway analysis revealed that fatty acid degradation and arachidonic acid metabolism were enriched. Analysis of DMs in these two pathways showed that prostaglandin D2, prostaglandin J2, prostaglandin A2, 15‐keto prostaglandin F2α, and Δ12‐prostaglandin J2 significantly differed between the normal and abnormal groups. It was hypothesized that these important metabolic pathways and metabolites were involved in the metabolic regulation of leg abnormalities.","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"12 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140962305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}