Animal Research and One Health最新文献

{"title":"Milk: Nature's Unique Nutritional Package","authors":"David W. Everett,&nbsp;Caroline Thum","doi":"10.1002/aro2.70056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plant-based beverages that attempt to mimic milk are increasingly popular with consumers, but there are profound differences in nutritional composition and microstructure compared to milk. A structural nutrition approach is needed to understand the effect on digestibility of microstructures, bioaccessibility and bioavailability of components, and ultimately on nutritional delivery and human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"4 2","pages":"139-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.70056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148082791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to Understand and Promote Sustainable Dairy Development?","authors":"Jiaqi Wang,&nbsp;Nan Zheng","doi":"10.1002/aro2.70078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sustainable dairy development is crucial for global food security, as it converts feed resources into nutrient-dense human food while supporting soil fertility through manure recycling. Milk provides high-quality protein and essential micronutrients, yet rising production demands have intensified challenges related to animal welfare and environmental impacts. Addressing these issues requires integrated strategies, including precision monitoring technologies, enteric methane inhibitors, and improved manure management. A balanced approach aligning productivity with animal health and ecological integrity is essential for future dairy systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"4 2","pages":"142-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.70078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148088988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatotoxicity of Nonesterified Fatty Acids to Dairy Cows: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Prospective Solutions","authors":"Siqing Mao,&nbsp;Yuan Tian,&nbsp;Dan Li,&nbsp;Lei Tian,&nbsp;Hang Yu,&nbsp;Ziling Liu,&nbsp;Xin Gao,&nbsp;Yanqiong Wen,&nbsp;Fachun Wan,&nbsp;Zuo Wang,&nbsp;Weijun Shen,&nbsp;Xinwei Li,&nbsp;Lei Liu","doi":"10.1002/aro2.70068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.70068","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Circulating concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) are elevated due to lipid mobilization from adipose tissue in periparturient dairy cows. Although this metabolic adaptation facilitates energy homeostasis under the negative energy balance condition, sustained systemic NEFA overload induces profound hepatic impairment. Emerging evidence identifies excessive NEFAs to be the pathophysiological cornerstone of periparturient disorders; however, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying NEFA-induced hepatotoxicity remain incompletely characterized, hindering the development of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies. This literature review synthesizes contemporary insights into key cellular pathways implicated in NEFA-mediated hepatotoxicity: disorders in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, impairment of autophagy, excessive inflammatory response, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and finally, cell death. Critical analysis reveals two underexplored dimensions in current research paradigms: (1) The dynamic composition of circulating NEFAs modulates hepatotoxic potency through differential membrane incorporation and signaling pathway activation, suggesting that improving blood NEFA composition through dietary fat supplementation offers a potential strategy; and (2) the periparturient inflammatory milieu potentiates NEFA toxicity, suggesting targeted anti-inflammatory interventions ameliorate transition period adaptation. Consequently, this review advances our mechanistic understanding while providing translational frameworks for improving periparturient management through precision nutrition and therapeutic development.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"4 2","pages":"167-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.70068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148092779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building a Sustainable Dairy Industry—Forging a Path of Synergy Between Nutrition, Animal Health and Environmental Stewardship","authors":"Shengguo Zhao,&nbsp;David W. Everett","doi":"10.1002/aro2.70080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.70080","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Animal Research and One Health (AROH) is pleased to present this Special Issue, Building a Sustainable Dairy Industry, which addresses a central challenge at the intersection of global food security, animal welfare, environmental protection, and interdisciplinary scientific innovation. As a major component of the global agricultural economy, the dairy industry supplies high-quality protein, bioavailable calcium, and essential vitamins to human populations. It also plays an indispensable role in converting inedible biomass and utilizing marginal land resources to produce human-edible food, while supporting nutrient cycling within the plant–animal–soil continuum. However, the intensification and expansion of modern dairy production have given rise to several persistent challenges. These include metabolic and infectious disorders in dairy cows associated with negative energy balance, elevated greenhouse gas emissions primarily from enteric methane, increasing pressure from feed resource limitations and costs, and the inherent trade-off between high milk yield and animal health and longevity. Addressing these challenges requires an integrated, cross-disciplinary strategy consistent with the One Health framework, which explicitly links animal health, human nutrition, and environmental integrity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This Special Issue compiles recent research and scholarly commentaries from international experts in animal science, microbiome, veterinary medicine, food science, environmental engineering, artificial intelligence, and nutritional biochemistry. The contributing authors share a common objective: To promote sustainable and resilient development of the dairy industry. The collected works cover the entire dairy production chain and address key scientific and practical questions currently facing the sector. In the area of dairy cow health and metabolic regulation, several studies elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms of non-esterified fatty acid-induced hepatotoxicity in periparturient cows. Other contributions demonstrate how growth hormone modulates lipolysis and insulin sensitivity through the ERK/HSL signaling pathway. One study further uncovers a compensatory role for &lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;-hydroxybutyrylation of key gluconeogenic enzymes in reducing ketosis risk. Collectively, these findings offer molecular targets for precision nutritional strategies and therapeutic development for transition cow disorders. Complementary research examines the protective effects of myo-inositol on bovine mammary epithelial cells under oxidative stress via the SIRT5/Nrf2 axis, as well as the variable but promising effects of encapsulated rumen-bypass lysine and methionine on transition cow performance. Together, these studies provide a basis for optimizing amino acid supplementation in high-yielding dairy cows.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Improving feed resource efficiency and nutritional formulation represents another major theme. Experimental evidence indicates that barley silage can effectivel","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"4 2","pages":"134-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.70080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148088989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Replacing Alfalfa Hay With Barley Silage in High-Concentrate Diets: Chewing Behavior, Ruminal Fermentation, Total-Tract Digestibility, and Milk Production of Dairy Cows in Mid-Lactation Phase","authors":"M. R. Naji-Zavareh,&nbsp;F. Hashemzadeh,&nbsp;M. Alikhani,&nbsp;M. Khorvash,&nbsp;A. Kahyani,&nbsp;F. Ahmadi","doi":"10.1002/aro2.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Limited land or water resources, climate variability, and price fluctuations challenge the consistent availability of alfalfa forage. Barley forage, with high energy and low agronomic costs, shows promise as an alternative in dairy diets. Our objective was to examine the effects of replacing alfalfa hay with whole-plant barley silage on behavioral patterns, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and lactation productivity. A 3 × 3 Latin square design was employed, involving 12 multiparous Holstein cows (days in milk = 122 ± 6; milk production = 49.3 ± 2.0 kg; mean ± standard deviation). Alfalfa hay was partially or completely substituted with barley silage as (1) a control diet without barley silage (BS0; 23.2% corn silage + 15.6% alfalfa hay), (2) 23.2% corn silage + 7.8% alfalfa hay + 7.9% barley silage (BS50), and (3) 23.2% corn silage + 15.7% barley silage + 0% alfalfa hay (BS100). Dry matter intake was the greatest in BS50-fed cows (27.3 kg/day) and lowest with BS100-fed cows (24.4 kg/day). Time spent eating, ruminating, and chewing was not different across treatments. BS50-fed cows had the highest propionate concentration and the lowest acetate and valerate concentrations. Cows fed BS50 and BS100 had lower starch digestibility than BS0. Milk production was not different between diets, but feed efficiency was the greatest with BS100-fed cows, resulting in the highest income over feed cost estimated in this group. Overall, barley silage can replace alfalfa hay in high-concentrate diets fed to mid-lactation cows, as its total replacement improved the efficiency of feed conversion into milk.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"4 2","pages":"185-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.70013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148099303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compensation Response to Hepatic Gluconeogenesis via β-Hydroxybutyrylation of FBP1 and PCK1 in Dairy Cows","authors":"DingPing Feng,&nbsp;GuoYan Wang,&nbsp;YuanYuan Zhu,&nbsp;YiNing Zheng,&nbsp;JunHu Yao,&nbsp;Lei Chen,&nbsp;Lu Deng","doi":"10.1002/aro2.70022","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aro2.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Perinatal cows are often in a state of negative energy balance (NEB), and hepatic gluconeogenesis is an important energy source in ruminants. NEB can lead to metabolic disorders such as ketosis. β-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is a major ketone body that acts as an energy substrate; however, its role and mechanism in hepatic gluconeogenesis in perinatal cows are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the compensatory effects of BHB in hepatic gluconeogenesis in dairy cows, particularly its effect on fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1), which are key rate-limiting enzymes in gluconeogenesis. We performed Kbhb proteomic analysis of liver tissue samples from perinatal cows and found a significant enrichment of the gluconeogenic pathway. When bovine hepatocytes were treated with different concentrations of BHB, there was a significant increase in cellular glucose production and FBP1/PCK1 activity. With regard to the underlying mechanisms, the findings implied that Kbhb of FBP1/PCK1 may occur in a BHB concentration- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, Kbhb of FBP1/PCK1 was found to be regulated by histone acetyltransferase p300 (p300) and histone deacetylase (HDACs). Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that Kbhb occurred at lysine (K) 43 of FBP1 and K191 of PCK1. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the compensatory effects of BHB induced an increase in the enzymatic activity of FBP1 and PCK1 through Kbhb modification at the K43 site of FBP1 and the K191 site of PCK1; in turn, it enhances the hepatic gluconeogenesis of cows to certain BHB concentrations.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"4 2","pages":"198-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/aro2.70022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147887526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myo-Inositol Mitigates Oxidative Stress in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells via Activation of the SIRT5/Nrf2 Signaling Axis","authors":"Yufei Zhang,&nbsp;Yu Cao,&nbsp;Meng Zhang,&nbsp;Huijie Hu,&nbsp;He Ma,&nbsp;Junlong Bi,&nbsp;Juxiong Liu,&nbsp;Shoupeng Fu,&nbsp;Wenjin Guo","doi":"10.1002/aro2.70044","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aro2.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High-yielding dairy cows are susceptible to mammary gland oxidative stress due to prolonged intensive lactation, leading to redox imbalance. Our previous research linked this condition to reduced lactation lifespan. This study compared mammary glands from high-yielding and normal-yielding cows, revealing significant oxidative stress in high-yielders, evidenced by decreased FRAP and SOD levels, and increased GSH, MDA, and H₂O₂. Mitochondrial function was disrupted, with impaired dynamics. Metabolomic analysis identified a significant downregulation of Myo-inositol (MI) in high-yielding cows. Using H₂O₂-stimulated bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) as an in vitro oxidative stress model, we confirmed MI depletion, mitochondrial fission, cellular senescence, and decreased Sirt5 protein. MI supplementation upregulated mitochondrial fusion proteins (OPA1, MFN1, and MFN2) and downregulated fission proteins (FIS1 and Drp1), alleviating oxidative stress. Mechanistic studies revealed that Sirt5 knockdown reduced Nrf2 expression, and inhibiting Nrf2 with retinoic acid (RA) abolished MI's protective effects. This demonstrates that MI alleviates oxidative stress in MAC-T cells primarily by activating the Sirt5/Nrf2 pathway to promote mitochondrial fusion. These findings elucidate a novel mechanism for MI's antioxidant role in the dairy cow mammary gland.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"4 2","pages":"224-237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/aro2.70044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147913773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of Encapsulated Lysine and Methionine and Their Impacts on Transition Cow Performance and Health","authors":"Mohammed S. Seleem,&nbsp;Samy A. Elsaadawy,&nbsp;Zhaohai Wu,&nbsp;Lu Ma,&nbsp;Todd R. Callaway,&nbsp;Dengpan Bu","doi":"10.1002/aro2.70027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dairy cattle's lactation efficiency has increased over the last decades, which is mainly attributed to high milk production and elevated nutrient requirements, especially protein and amino acids (AA) requirements. The transition period is considered one of the most crucial periods of a dairy cow's life, with the largest number of health disorders happening within the first 14 days in milk. Changes in dairy cow metabolic conditions might have had a severe impact on dairy cow health, fertility, and production, particularly milk and milk component yields. One of the applied strategies to prevent these negative impacts is balancing amino acids profile in dairy cattle feeds, primarily, rumen bypass methionine and lysine (RPM and RPL) to meet the requirements through increasing the metabolizable amino acid (AA) for intestinal absorption. NASEM (2021) presented a novel concept based on considering 5 indispensable amino acid (IAA) rather than the more aggregated metabolizable protein (MP) and the Lys–Met ratio. Continued attempts to improve the understanding of AA pathways make the possibility of new strategies to minimize the negative impacts on dairy cow metabolic status changes. Previous research observed beneficial impacts of supplementing RPM and RPL in transition dairy cow diets either/both (pre-and postpartum periods) on dry matter intake, milk performance, plasma AA concentration, the occurrence rate of metabolic disorders, and immune response; however, the findings were inconsistent. Therefore, this review focused on the inconsistencies in the data and sought research gaps in this area.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"4 2","pages":"145-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.70027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148070263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth Hormone Promotes Lipolysis and Impairs Insulin Sensitivity by Activating the ERK/HSL Signaling Pathway in Bovine Adipocytes","authors":"Xinxing Gao,&nbsp;Hao Yu,&nbsp;Erminio Trevisi,&nbsp;Cai Lin,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Fang,&nbsp;Xinwei Li,&nbsp;Yuxiang Song,&nbsp;Wenwen Gao,&nbsp;Lin Lei,&nbsp;Xiliang Du,&nbsp;Guowen Liu","doi":"10.1002/aro2.70015","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aro2.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The physiological adaptation responses of peripartum cows to negative energy balance, including fat mobilization and insulin resistance, are controlled by hormones. Excessive growth hormone (GH) promotes fat mass loss and insulin resistance in nonruminants. Despite elevated circulating GH in postpartum cows, its regulatory mechanisms on lipid metabolism and insulin signaling pathways in bovine adipocytes remain unresolved. This research study intends to examine the effects that GH has on lipolysis and insulin sensitivity within bovine adipocytes and provide mechanistic insights. We discovered that GH stimulates lipolysis and compromised insulin sensitivity, as evidenced by elevated glycerol release, reduced triglyceride accumulation, and diminished lipid droplet formation, along with impaired insulin-mediated phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) in GH-treated adipocytes. The combination of GH and isoproterenol exacerbated the insulin insensitivity and lipolysis induced by GH. Phosphorylation levels of ERK and HSL were elevated in adipocytes treated with GH, suggesting that GH activated the ERK/HSL signaling pathway. The mRNA abundance of cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor-α-like effector c and perilipin 1 was downregulated by GH in adipocytes. Importantly, inhibiting ERK and HSL (hormone sensitive lipase; encoded by <i>LIPE</i>) attenuated GH-induced lipolysis and insulin insensitivity. Collectively, GH enhances lipolysis and impairs insulin sensitivity in bovine adipocytes via activating the ERK/HSL signaling pathway at least partially. Therefore, inhibiting the ERK/HSL signaling pathway may be a promising means to avoid excessive fat mobilization and insulin resistance in dairy cows during the peripartum period.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"4 2","pages":"213-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/aro2.70015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147892148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dairy Production and the Rumen Microbiome: Research Directions in a Challenging Future","authors":"Diego P. Morgavi","doi":"10.1002/aro2.70077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.70077","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Ruminants' milk provides immense benefits as a rich source of nutrients, and plays a central role in ensuring food security for millions of people. However, these benefits are accompanied by notable drawbacks associated with its production, and with ruminant production more generally. Globally, dairy products account for around 11% of the protein in human diet, making milk the largest contributor of protein from animal sources. The role of milk-producing livestock in ensuring the livelihood of subsistence farmers in low- and middle-income countries must also be considered. Global milk production is projected to grow by 1.8% annually over the next 10 years [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. This growth will be achieved partly through higher yields per lactating animal and partly through increased numbers, particularly in regions experiencing growing demand, such as Sub-Saharan Africa, India, and Pakistan [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;However, dairy production significantly impacts the environment, affecting several biophysical planetary boundaries [&lt;span&gt;2, 3&lt;/span&gt;]. Dairy ruminants contribute to climate change and affect the biogeochemical flows of nitrogen and phosphorus, land system, and freshwater. These are all boundaries that are considered to be outside of the planet's safe operating space [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ruminants depend on microbes for their physiology. These host-associated microbes, in particular those in the rumen and other sections of the gastrointestinal tract, are responsible for both the capacity of ruminants to produce nutritious food from plant resources nonedible by humans, and also for the negative impacts on the environment attributed to ruminant farming, such as the production of methane, a greenhouse gas. The study of the rumen microbiota has long been recognized as key for improving production, health, and wellbeing of ruminants. Since the pioneer studies of Robert Hungate [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;] more than 80 years ago, this has been an active area of research, and the knowledge acquired on the rumen microbiota over the years is readily applied in practice. This has led to improved management practices and nutritional programs and has been used to design intervention strategies, such as additives and direct-fed microbials, for specific purposes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;More recently, the development and combined use of high-throughput omics techniques has accelerated the pace of discovery and understanding of the rumen microbiome and its interactions with the host [&lt;span&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;]. This progress is set to continue, offering a promising outlook for addressing sustainability in ruminant production through a microbiome-based approach. However, information on the rumen microbiome is still fragmented as it is obtained from a limited number of production systems—generally high-producing ones—a handful of breeds, and mainly temperate climates. Overcoming these hurdles is essential to ensure that knowledge of the rumen microbiome can be put into practice and can have","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"4 2","pages":"136-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.70077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148079425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}