Animal Research and One Health最新文献

{"title":"Tannic acid extracted from gallnut improves intestinal health with regulation of redox homeostasis and gut microbiota of weaned piglets","authors":"Zhang-Chao Deng,&nbsp;Jie Wang,&nbsp;Juan Wang,&nbsp;Yi-Qin Yan,&nbsp;Yu-Xuan Huang,&nbsp;Chi-Qing Chen,&nbsp;Lv-hui Sun,&nbsp;Meng Liu","doi":"10.1002/aro2.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.51","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of tannic acid (TA) derived from gallnut supplementation on growth performance and health status of weaned piglets. A total of 432 weanling piglets (7.05 ± 1.05 kg) were randomly allocated into 4 treatment groups with 6 replicates of 18 pigs/pen. Piglets were fed either a basal diet (CON), or basal diets supplemented with 1.5 kg/t TA, 3.0 kg/t TA, or 1.8 kg/t zinc oxide (ZnO) for 21 days. The results showed that, compared to the CON, dietary TA supplementation did not affect (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05) growth performance and serum biochemistry of weaned piglets. However, 3.0 kg/t TA had higher SOD, GPX, and CAT activities and a lower MDA concentration in the jejunum than those of the CON or the ZnO group. Meanwhile, 3.0 kg/t TA increased (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) villus height and villus height/crypt depth, and decreased (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) crypt depth in the small intestine. Dietary TA also downregulated (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) IL-1β and TNF-α expression in jejunum. Furthermore, 3.0 kg/t TA reduced (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) the abundance of <i>Candidatus Brocadia</i> and <i>Escherichia-Shigella</i> in cecal digesta. Notably, both <i>Candidatus Brocadia</i> and <i>Escherichia-Shigella</i> had a negative correlation with antioxidant enzymes activities (<i>R</i> &lt; −0.60, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), but <i>Escherichia-Shigella</i> was positively correlated with MDA concentrations (<i>R</i> = 0.44, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in the jejunum. In conclusion, compared to the CON, 3.0 kg/t TA supplementation improved the gut health status of weaned piglets, potentially by regulating redox homeostasis and gut microbiota.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.51","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139744875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visualization of poikilocytosis as an emerging erythrocytic biomarker for fish health assessment","authors":"Avishek Bardhan,&nbsp;Thangapalam Jawahar Abraham,&nbsp;Ratnapriya Das,&nbsp;Prasanna Kumar Patil","doi":"10.1002/aro2.47","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aro2.47","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fish health assessment is essential for maintaining sustainable aquatic ecosystems and ensuring the well-being of wild and farmed fish populations. Hematological parameters are crucial indicators of fish health, with poikilocytosis emerging as a fundamental marker with significant diagnostic value. Poikilocytosis refers to abnormally shaped erythrocytes in bloodstream, reflecting underlying physiological and pathological conditions. Poikilocytosis can occur in various fish species and can be influenced by environmental stressors, infectious agents, nutritional deficiencies, and exposure to pollutants. Morphological alterations in erythrocytes, such as acanthocytes, echinocytes, dacrocytes, schistocytes, spherocytes, and codocytes are common poikilocytes in fish. Understanding the relationship between poikilocytosis and fish health has important implications for disease diagnosis, monitoring, surveillance, and management. By quantifying poikilocytic changes, researchers and veterinarians can differentiate normal variations from pathological conditions, facilitating targeted interventions and treatment strategies. While most studies have focused on heavy metal toxicity, stressors, nutritional deficiencies, pollutants, and therapeutics, the etiological induction of poikilocytosis in fish health has been overlooked. Nonetheless, poikilocytosis remains a valuable biomarker for assessing fish health and their environment. This review highlights piscine poikilocytosis as a significant fish hematological biomarker and its importance in understanding their health and culture conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.47","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139617236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro protein protection of protein meals using Bioprotect and tannin extract from red grape marc","authors":"Bereket Zeleke Tunkala,&nbsp;Kristy DiGiacomo,&nbsp;Pablo S. Alvarez Hess,&nbsp;Frank R. Dunshea,&nbsp;Brian J. Leury","doi":"10.1002/aro2.43","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aro2.43","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Protecting crude protein in the rumen may reduce extensive protein degradation and ammonia emission and increase available bypass protein in ruminants. This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of two Bioprotect (15 and 30 mL/kg dry matter (DM)) and two tannin extract (TE) (20 and 40 g/kg DM) inclusion rates on protein protection and in vitro fermentation characteristics of canola and soybean meals incubated for 24 h using an ANKOM <i>in vitro</i> gas production system. The treated canola and soybean meals produced lower soluble protein (fraction ‘a’) and larger slowly degradable protein (fraction ‘b’) than its untreated counterparts, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01. However, the 20 g/kg DM TE inclusion showed lowest effect on the amount of protein fractions ‘a’ and ‘b’ in both meals compared to their other treated counterparts. The increasing concentration of additives reduced the total volatile fatty acids (VFA), <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001. The effects of additives differed between the treatments as 15 mL/kg DM Bioprotect and 20 g/kg DM TE did not affect the acetic to propionic acid ratio (A:P) and the time before gas production began. The increase in fraction ‘b’ and reduction in protein fraction ‘a’ confirm successful protein protection in this experiment. However, the extensive reduction in ammonia-N and <i>in vitro</i> degradable protein after using 30 mL/kg DM Bioprotect suggests possible toxicity to the microbes responsible for protein digestion in higher doses. Therefore, 15 mL/kg DM Bioprotect and 40 g/kg DM TE could be promising protein protection doses for <i>in vitro</i> experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.43","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139443448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling animal genomics in mice: An authentic approach for the functional interrogation of evolutionarily and agriculturally critical variants","authors":"Peter Kalds,&nbsp;Shiwei Zhou,&nbsp;Yulin Chen,&nbsp;Xiaolong Wang","doi":"10.1002/aro2.46","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aro2.46","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mouse modeling could offer a powerful in vivo investigation tool for validating the functional role of candidate genes and genomic variants detected in animal and livestock species via multi-omic analyses. In this <i>Commentary</i>, the authors discuss the potential of transgenic and genome-edited mice as significant models for validating the outcomes of livestock genomic and multi-omic analyses.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.46","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139444431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in artificial intelligence technology for improving animal welfare: Current applications and research progress","authors":"Li Zhang,&nbsp;Wenqiang Guo,&nbsp;Chenrui Lv,&nbsp;Meng Guo,&nbsp;Mei Yang,&nbsp;Qiuyue Fu,&nbsp;Xiaomeng Liu","doi":"10.1002/aro2.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.44","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in various sectors has led to significant advancements, with the animal industry being no exception. This review aims to investigate the benefits, limitations, and future prospects of AI technology in improving animal welfare. First, it examines the role of AI in understanding animal behaviors and emotions, providing deeper insights into their well-being and sources of stress. Next, the paper explores how AI can revolutionize animal nutrition through innovative algorithms and data analytics. The health aspect emphasizes the ability of AI to identify and manage illnesses through intelligent systems. This review also highlights the application of AI in improving animal living conditions, with a focus on environmental management and automated cleaning and disinfection systems. In conclusion, the review emphasizes AI-driven techniques for early prediction, close monitoring, and accurate diagnosis of animal diseases, ensuring healthier and more sustainable livestock management. By leveraging its advantages, addressing limitations, and exploring future directions, AI has the potential to significantly enhance animal welfare, sustainable agriculture, and veterinary practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.44","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139745072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marine Ranching: Paving the way for a sustainable blue granary","authors":"Zhenmin Bao","doi":"10.1002/aro2.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.45","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The oceans, teeming with life, have long been a crucial source of sustenance. Abundant in fish and salt and easily accessible by boat, the ocean has not only facilitated trade and communication but also served as a reliable source of food for human beings. As terrestrial agriculture grapples with challenges such as land degradation, water scarcity, and ecological damage, attention is increasingly turning to the ocean. As the Earth's largest ecosystem, the ocean hosts a wealth of resources, particularly in terms of biodiversity. China, an exploiting pioneer of marine resources, has emerged as the world's leading provider of aquaculture products, with two-thirds of its seafood coming from aquaculture. China's shift from traditional fishing to systematic marine agriculture offers a new model for the global community. Central to this strategic shift is the concept of “Marine Ranching,” which views the ocean as a vast, ecologically managed farm. Successfully implementing this concept is crucial for ensuring food security, protecting ecological equilibrium, and driving economic progress. It also presents some innovative opportunities to explore the “Greater Food” approach, utilizing new spaces, methods, and technologies.</p><p>However, “Marine Ranching” goes beyond simply transferring terrestrial farming practices to marine environments. It represents the innovative development of aquatic production models based on a comprehensive understanding and protection of the marine ecology. This encompasses systems for breeding high-quality species, implementing sustainable farming practices, disease prevention and control, as well as advancements in pre and postproduction processing and quality management. The continuous, open, and intricate nature of marine ecosystems presents challenges in their management and monitoring. Ensuring the reasonable scale, ecological capacity, balance, and biological health of “Marine Ranching” across vast ocean areas demands extensive technological development and exploratory practice. Furthermore, the development of “Marine Ranching” is a multidisciplinary and multifaceted challenge, requiring interdisciplinary collaboration in aquatic biology, ecology, environmental science, biotechnology, engineering equipment, and information technology. Additionally, we must promote open integration, sharing, and application of data throughout the entire fishery industry chain, with the goal of achieving a harmonious balance among economy, ecological environment, and social benefits.</p><p>This special issue on “Marine Ranching” aims to serve as a platform for scholarly exchange in this field, facilitating the dissemination of the latest developments, discoveries, technological innovations, and perspectives in marine agro-pastoral research. Drawing on these academic studies, we can continuously refine related technologies and establish a scientific, efficient, and sustainable blue granary production system. Globally, nations encounter s","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.45","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141069169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel FSH receptor heterodimer may be related to the high prolificacy of Jintang black goat","authors":"Ye Cao, Sujun Zhao, M. Chu, R. Di, Yufang Liu, Li Liu, Xueqin Zhang, Shaoping Qian, Yizheng Zhang","doi":"10.1002/aro2.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.35","url":null,"abstract":"Follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) is the central hormone of the mammalian reproductive system. It targets the FSH receptor (FSHR), a member of the G protein‐coupled receptor family, to induce the FSH signal transduction. In the highly prolific Jintang black goat, gonadotropin level is not higher than that of Boer goat. However, two isoforms of FSHRs (FSHRA and FSHRB), generated from the alternative splicing of the same primary FSHR transcript, were expressed in the reproductive organs of Jintang black goat simultaneously. The mRNA level of FSHRB is 45.89, 3.80, and 13.81 times greater than that of FSHRA in the hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovary of the Jintang black goat, respectively. We found that FSHRA could interact with FSHRB protein, leading to augment of the FSH signaling transduction pathway. The enhancement of FSH signaling could increase the in vitro oocyte maturation rate. It implied that this might be the important reason for the high prolificacy in Jintang black goat.","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138981698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of the circular RNA expression profile and circRNA–miRNA–mRNA network in the goat skin with divergent wool curvature","authors":"Yingxiao Su, Zhanqiang Zhao, Zhanfa Liu, Xiaobo Li, Qian Chen, Y. Pu, Lin Jiang, Xiao-hong He, Yuehui Ma, Qianjun Zhao","doi":"10.1002/aro2.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.41","url":null,"abstract":"Wool curvature is one of the most valuable characteristics of Zhongwei goat fur. As the goats grow, the curvature progressively diminishes, which has a substantial impact on the quality and market value of wool. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNA and play vital roles in animal growth and development. However, the expression and function of circRNAs in the wool curvature of Zhongwei goats are unclear. In our study, we conducted circRNA expression profiling of Zhongwei goat skin exhibiting divergent curvature wool phenotypes at two developmental stages using the RNA‐seq. In total, 12,682 circRNAs and 158 differentially expressed circRNAs (DE circRNAs) were identified. KEGG analysis illustrated that host genes of DE circRNAs were significantly enriched in the signaling pathways of Ras, JAK/STAT5, and cAMP, which might affect wool curvature. We further validated five circRNAs using qRT‐PCR, which were consistent with the sequencing results. Functional verification assay demonstrated that circRNA8782 regulated fibroblast proliferation. In addition, we constructed a regulatory competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network and predicted circRNA3173‐miR‐16b‐5p‐IGF1 axes involved in the regulation of wool curvature. Our result will provide the foundation for uncovering the regulatory mechanisms of underlying wool curvature patterns in goats.","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138585448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"African swine fever virus E120R inhibited cGAS-STING-mediated IFN-β and NF-κB pathways","authors":"Shuai Cui,&nbsp;Yang Wang,&nbsp;Shiyu Chen,&nbsp;Lichun Fang,&nbsp;Yajun Jiang,&nbsp;Zhongbao Pang,&nbsp;Yitong Jiang,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Guo,&nbsp;Hongfei Zhu,&nbsp;Hong Jia","doi":"10.1002/aro2.38","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aro2.38","url":null,"abstract":"<p>African swine fever (ASF) is an acute and severe contagious disease triggered by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), which severely threatens the global swine industry. At present, no safe and efficacious vaccine has been provided to prevent and control this disease. The pathogenesis and immune evasion mechanism of ASFV are still unknown, which seriously hinders the development of safe and effective ASF vaccines. Certain proteins of ASFV involved in immunosuppression helped to evade the host innate immune response. The cGAS-STING signaling pathway is important to the innate immune system. It induces the production of type I interferons (IFNs) and other cytokines by recognizing cytoplasmic DNA, mediating antimicrobial innate immunity through type I IFN, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways. In the present study, E120R, a late-phase expression protein and a key virulent factor of ASFV inhibited cGAS-STING mediated promoter activities of IFN-β and NF-κB in HEK293T cells. The ectopic expression of E120R down-regulated IFN-β pathway by targeting interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and p65, inhibited the phosphorylation of STING, and further inhibited the phosphorylation of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and IRF3, with no significant effects on p65 phosphorylation. Additionally, E120R also inhibited the NF-κB pathways by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of p50 and p65, which was mediated by Sendai virus (SeV). Further, the study showed that the 61–80 amino acids sites in the C-terminal domain of E120R were crucial for these functions. In conclusion, our work preliminarily elucidated a novel mechanism of inhibiting host innate immune response by ASFV E120R, which will provide a new target for the ASFV live gene deletion vaccine development and the theoretical basis for ASFV prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.38","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138586740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi‐omics analyses reveal the interaction between colonic microbiota and host in Min and Yorkshire pigs","authors":"Xiaoyu Huang, Huihui Li, Feng Cheng, Ligang Wang, Guoqing Cao, Lixian Wang, Lijun Shi","doi":"10.1002/aro2.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.39","url":null,"abstract":"Adoption of microbial preparations is becoming more and more prevalent in the pig breeding industry. Digestive tract microbes are recognized as crucial elements affecting physical characteristics of pigs. Until now, it is still challenging to establish connections between colonic microbiome and the host. In this study, weight gain models were created for Min and Yorkshire pigs. The colonic contents and colonic tissues were collected from two pig purebred strains (n = 8/group) with similar weights for multi‐omics analysis. By difference analysis of colonic microbiota, Min pigs observed a significantly higher relative abundance of Bacteroides, Phocaeicola, Roseburia, and Parabacteroides, and Yorkshire pigs had a strongly higher relative abundance of Streptococcus, Vescimonas, Ligilactobacillus, and Lactococcus. Functional annotation showed that the colonic microbiota of Min pigs had extensive dietary polysaccharide and immunomodulatory capacity. Through the correlation analysis of colonic microbiota with metabolomics of colonic content or transcriptomics of colonic tissues, we provided direct and indirect relationships of microorganisms and hosts. By verification, the contents of Occludin, ZO‐1, and pIgR in colonic tissue and sIgA, sIgG, and sIgM in colonic contents of Min pigs were significantly higher than that in Yorkshire pigs. This study revealed characteristics and functions of the colonic microbiota in Min and Yorkshire pigs and analyzed their interactions with the host. Also, we identified immune‐related microorganisms. These results provided a theoretical basis for understanding the influence of colonic microbiota on phenotype shaping in pigs.","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138595847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}