Animal Research and One Health最新文献

{"title":"The paradigm of genomic selection: Does it need an update?","authors":"Johannes A. Lenstra","doi":"10.1002/aro2.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.88","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The genetics and genomics of livestock is, as for other species, a dynamic and successful field of research. It is divided into two clearly different, although closely interacting disciplines: the molecular and the quantitative genetics. Remarkably, this contrast has a close parallel in the opposing views during a short and fierce war (1904–1906) between Mendelians and biometricians. Although the accepted views soon became more balanced [<span>1, 2</span>], the 20th century saw the emergence of two distinct genetic disciplines.</p><p>The development of the molecular genetics is an amazing and unending series of pioneering success stories featuring a legion of Nobel prize winners [<span>3</span>]: from chromosomes to DNA and to the central dogma; from recombinant DNA to PCR, microsatellites and SNPs; the routine whole-genome sequencing (WGS) with telomere to telomere genomes and pangenomes as the newest toys; and now also the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, although not yet of primary relevance for livestock [<span>4, 5</span>]. This was all typical laboratory science, which now has become a lot cleaner by automation and a growing emphasis on bioinformatics.</p><p>It illustrates the hectic progress that the promises made after one breakthrough were fulfilled after the next. Southern blotting of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers in the 80s and a little later the PCR–RFLP did not deliver the intended dense genetic map of a genome, so the discovery at the end of the decade of the microsatellites was most timely. This allowed the genetic mapping of monogenic traits, but until 20 years ago most causative mutations in livestock species were found via the candidate gene approach [<span>1, 6</span>]. In the new millennium microsatellites were replaced by high-density genome-wide SNP arrays, which deliver accurate genetic localizations. At the same time, WGS became affordable and monogenic causative variants became sitting ducks. However, we did not unravel the molecular mechanisms of complex traits [<span>6, 7</span>], so now we accept a less than satisfactory infinitesimal model of countless small contributions [<span>4</span>].</p><p>Starting during the decade of WWII, the quantitative geneticists, who never touch a pipette, started to provide scientific support to the breeding industry and developed the concept of breeding values [<span>8</span>]. For a long time, this was solely based on phenotypes, but they did not hesitate to exploit the advances in the molecular field. During the last 2 decades of the millennium the concept or dream of master-assisted selection was an important source of inspiration [<span>9, 10</span>]. This led to genetic localizations of enough quantitative trait loci (QTL) to fill the Animal QTLdb, but these explain only a small part of the phenotypic variation [<span>4</span>].</p><p>Again, we needed another breakthrough to fulfill the promises already made. In a visionary paper, Meuwissen et al. proposed ge","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"2 4","pages":"360-362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.88","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142664628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide association study and genomic prediction for growth traits in spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) using insertion and deletion markers","authors":"Chong Zhang,&nbsp;Yonghang Zhang,&nbsp;Cong Liu,&nbsp;Lingyu Wang,&nbsp;Yani Dong,&nbsp;Donglei Sun,&nbsp;Haishen Wen,&nbsp;Kaiqiang Zhang,&nbsp;Xin Qi,&nbsp;Yun Li","doi":"10.1002/aro2.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.87","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Spotted sea bass (<i>Lateolabrax maculatus</i>) is a species of significant economic importance in aquaculture. However, genetic degeneration, such as declining growth performance, has severely impeded industry development, necessitating urgent genetic improvement. Here, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and genomic prediction for growth traits using insertion and deletion (InDel) markers, and systematically compared the results with our previous studies using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. A total of 97 significant InDels including a 6 bp insertion in an exon region were identified. It is worth noting that only 5 and 1 candidate genes for DY and TS populations were also detected in previous GWAS using SNPs, and numerous novel genes including <i>c4b</i>, <i>fgf4</i>, and <i>dnajb9</i> were identified as vital candidate genes. Moreover, several novel growth-related procedures, such as the growth and development of the bone and muscle, were also detected. These findings indicated that InDel-based GWAS can provide valuable complement to SNP-based studies. The comparison of genomic predictive performance for total length trait under different marker selection strategies and genomic selection models indicated that GWAS selection strategy exhibits more stable predictive performance compared to the evenly selection strategy. Additionally, support vector machine model demonstrated better predictive accuracy and efficiency than traditional best linear unbiased prediction and Bayes models. Furthermore, the superior predictive performance using InDel markers compared to SNP markers highlighted the potential of InDels to enhance genomic predictive accuracy and efficiency. Our results carry significant implications for dissecting genetic mechanisms and contributing genetic improvement of growth traits in spotted sea bass through genomic resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"2 4","pages":"400-416"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.87","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142664505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The case for bovine pangenome","authors":"Wai Yee Low","doi":"10.1002/aro2.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.86","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The single reference genome assembly approach has been shown to be insufficient for capturing the full spectrum of genetic variation. This inadequacy has been well-documented in human genomics [<span>1</span>] and the solution is to create a pangenome reference. A pangenome reference is a comprehensive genomic representation that captures the full genetic diversity within a species by incorporating multiple individual genomes. In agricultural genomics, the creation of a bovine pangenome is important for designing or selecting animal genomes that are better adapted to climate change, capable of reducing methane emissions, and conducive to producing healthy food for a growing global population. The Bovine Pangenome Consortium (BPC) [<span>2</span>], which has over 60 members spread across 20 countries, has been established to coordinate global efforts in this area. At present, the BPC has collected more than 100 long-read-based genome assemblies representing ∼60 unique breeds/species. The primary goal is to construct a pangenome to enable accurate detection of genetic variation, which includes single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and structural variants (SVs) in bovine species especially cattle.</p><p>The BPC uses collaborative open science model and requires samples and expertise from multiple laboratories worldwide. The project focuses on global cattle breeds, including both taurine and indicine subspecies. Beyond cattle, the BPC aims to include other members of the Bovini tribe, such as water buffalo, yak, and bison, in the pangenome. In the case of water buffalo, there is a plan for a pangenome specific for the species as part of the 1000 Buffalo Genomes Project [<span>17</span>]. The inclusion of bovine species other than cattle will facilitate comparative genomic analysis and enhance the understanding of evolutionary processes and potential introgression events [<span>3</span>].</p><p>Current genetic variant detection tools are highly sensitive to the quality and representation of reference genomes, often resulting in reference bias [<span>4</span>]. Identification of SVs and copy number variants is sensitive to the specific reference genome chosen [<span>5</span>]. Detection of epigenetic markers such as DNA methylation is also sensitive to the choice of reference genome [<span>6</span>]. It is expected that in highly polymorphic and repetitive sequences, such as the major histocompatibility complex region [<span>7</span>], a single linear reference is problematic to represent the genetic variants at this locus. These issues are some of the reasons why the BPC was formed to create bovine pangenome to improve the accuracy of genetic analyses.</p><p>Building pangenome graphs can be computationally challenging, especially when the number of genomes being included is high (e.g., &gt;100), and hence determining the best way to construct these references is crucial. There are at least three main methods to build a pangenome: reference-guided ","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"2 4","pages":"363-365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.86","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of organic acids on broiler chicken nutrition: A review","authors":"Prosper Chukwudi,&nbsp;Paulinus Ikenna Umeugokwe,&nbsp;Nnanna Ephraim Ikeh,&nbsp;Bright Chigozie Amaefule","doi":"10.1002/aro2.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.85","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To meet the requirements of the modern chicken industry, high levels of productivity and efficient feed conversion are necessary. This can be partially accomplished by using particular feed additives. The prohibition of antibiotic usage has compelled researchers to explore alternative options to antibiotics. Organic acids and their salts are commonly employed in poultry farming as substitutes for antibiotic growth promoters. These compounds are distinguished by the presence of a carboxylic acid group and are classified as weak acids. They function as intermediates in the degradation of amino acids, sugars, and fatty acids. Organic acids encompass a wide range of chemical substances that are commonly found naturally as fundamental constituents of animal tissues, plants, and microorganisms. Organic acids decrease the pH of the intestinal tract, promoting the growth of beneficial microorganisms. This enhances the digestion of nutrients and increases immunity in chickens, eliminating the need for antibiotics. This review provides an overview of recent research findings regarding the antimicrobial effect of organic acids and the impact of organic acids on growth performance, intestinal health, and carcass and organ characteristics of broiler chickens.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"3 1","pages":"43-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.85","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The assisted reproductive technology of in vitro embryo production","authors":"Pat Lonergan","doi":"10.1002/aro2.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.81","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Reproductive efficiency is the cornerstone of all animal-based agricultural enterprises and is crucial for profitable, environmentally sustainable food systems. In livestock production systems, particularly cattle production, reproductive efficiency is the main driver of farm profitability. Pregnancy loss, rather than fertilization failure, is one of the major causes of reproductive failure in cattle [&lt;span&gt;1, 2&lt;/span&gt;] and leads to extended calving intervals which, especially in a seasonal system, can have a major impact on profitability due to costs associated with increased calving intervals, increased culling, increased labor costs, and increased interventions of one form or another [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In cattle, most pregnancy failure occurs quite early after fertilization; ∼75% of conceptus loss occurs in the first 2–3 weeks of gestation, before maternal recognition of pregnancy (around day 16–17) and the start of placentation (around day 20) [&lt;span&gt;2, 4-7&lt;/span&gt;]. Indeed, in some situations (e.g., metabolic stress associated with high milk production), as many as 50% of embryos may be lost in the first week after fertilization [&lt;span&gt;4, 6&lt;/span&gt;]. Even when all of the biological and technical causes for pregnancy failure in the first week are avoided by transferring an embryo directly into the uterus (typically done on day 7 of the cycle), pregnancy success is not consistently improved compared to artificial insemination (AI) [&lt;span&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;]. Thus, improving our understanding of the underlying physiological and molecular regulation of early embryo development leading to a successful pregnancy will significantly contribute to social and economic sustainability in agri-food production, a crucial objective in the face of an ever-increasing global population [&lt;span&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;] and growing concerns about the impact of inefficient agricultural practices on the environment [&lt;span&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The development of AI in the 1950s has driven genetic improvement in dairy cattle and is now the main method of impregnating dairy females with semen from elite bulls [&lt;span&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;]. Since then, considerable progress has been made in the development and application of a wide range of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) at farm level [&lt;span&gt;12&lt;/span&gt;], including multiple ovulation embryo transfer (MOET, or ‘superovulation’), involving the generation of multiple embryos within the female (in vivo) [&lt;span&gt;13&lt;/span&gt;], ovum pick-up/in vitro fertilization (in vitro embryo production), involving the generation of embryos in the laboratory [&lt;span&gt;14, 15&lt;/span&gt;], and the use of sex-sorted semen to predetermine the offspring sex [&lt;span&gt;16-18&lt;/span&gt;]. All these technologies facilitate accelerated genetic improvement and increase the economic value of the offspring generated [&lt;span&gt;19&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In vitro embryo production (IVP) is now an established technology in the toolbox of ARTs available to farmers and breeding companies for genetic improvem","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"2 4","pages":"356-359"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.81","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obesity and oxidative stress: Implications for female fertility","authors":"Nuo Heng,&nbsp;Huabin Zhu,&nbsp;Anup Kumar Talukder,&nbsp;Shanjiang Zhao","doi":"10.1002/aro2.82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.82","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in most parts of the world, and it is estimated that 1 billion people globally are trapped in an obesity pandemic, which has seriously compromised human health. Recently, there has been a flood of research into obesity as well as redox and lipid metabolism; however, our understanding of the pathways and specific molecular mechanisms by which obesity-induced oxidative stress affects female reproductive function remains limited. In this review, we discuss how the obesity pandemic has led to lower female fertility. We focus on multiple facets of obesity-mediated reproductive dysfunction, including follicular atresia, oocyte maturation, embryo implantation, reproductive aging, and discuss therapeutic interventions that have the potential to normalize reproductive function in obese females, such as targeting mitochondrial lipid metabolism and antioxidant pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"2 4","pages":"377-399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.82","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142664826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatic gluconeogenesis and regulatory mechanisms in lactating ruminants: A literature review","authors":"Guoyan Wang,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Zhu,&nbsp;Dingping Feng,&nbsp;Junhu Yao,&nbsp;Yangchun Cao,&nbsp;Lu Deng","doi":"10.1002/aro2.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.80","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The conversion of various non-sugar substances, such as propionate and lactate, produced by rumen microbial fermentation into glucose by hepatic gluconeogenesis is the main way to ensure an adequate supply of glucose to the mammary gland of ruminants. Unlike monogastric animals, in ruminants, hepatic gluconeogenesis is a continuous and efficient physiological process. Some signaling pathways, transcription factors, and nutrients affect the expression of genes encoding for gluconeogenic rate-limiting enzymes, which in turn are involved in the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Although hepatic gluconeogenesis in ruminants has been researched for decades, it still needs to be clarified in depth. Therefore, this review summarizes the process, substrates, and regulatory mechanisms of hepatic gluconeogenesis in ruminants and establishes a theoretical basis for the development of precise nutritional regulation strategies to facilitate high-quality high-efficiency lactation. According to the research so far, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, and glucose-6-phosphatase have been highlighted as the main rate-limiting enzymes that determine the efficiency of gluconeogenesis. With regard to the underlying mechanisms, protein kinase A, protein kinase B, adenosine 5′-monophosphate kinase, and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways have been found to regulate the expression of key gluconeogenic genes through transcription factors. Further, supplementation with propionate, certain amino acids, and micronutrients has shown beneficial effects in terms of improving efficiency of gluconeogenesis. Given the complexity of the metabolic pathways involved in hepatic gluconeogenesis in periparturient ruminants, further research is warranted on the regulatory mechanisms involved and the effects of supplementation with various nutrients on milk yield and animal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"3 3","pages":"230-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.80","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viral metagenomic analysis reveals potential biological hazards in non-human primates in a zoo","authors":"Ruiying Liang,&nbsp;Xinming Tang,&nbsp;Lin Liang,&nbsp;Jiabo Ding,&nbsp;Ye Tian,&nbsp;Yixian Qin,&nbsp;Sufen Zhao,&nbsp;Lixia Zhang,&nbsp;Tianchun Pu,&nbsp;Xuefeng Liu,&nbsp;Jinpeng Liu,&nbsp;Chenglin Zhang,&nbsp;Zibin Li,&nbsp;Ting Jia","doi":"10.1002/aro2.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.79","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pathogens have been documented to be transmissible between humans and non-human primates (NHPs), with NHPs demonstrating susceptibility to human viruses. Conducting surveillance for viruses in NHPs to identify potential zoonotic agents that may emerge or pose a high risk of spillover remains a critical strategy for preparing for and responding to future zoonotic events. This study employed viral metagenomic analysis on nine randomly selected NHPs from the Zoo in China to detect potential pathogens within captive environments. The analysis identified the presence of picornavirus Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), poxvirus (BeAn 58,058 virus, BAV), and retroviruses (human endogenous retrovirus, HERV and baboon endogenous virus, BaEV). These viruses exhibited significant genetic homology to established viral strains, with EMCV demonstrating close relatedness to a strain previously detected in the United States, and BAV beling newly identified in NHPs. The study suggests that zoo rodents, particularly rats, serve as the primary reservoirs for the viruses, thereby posing a potential threat to public health. Therefore, this underscores the imperative to enhance rodent control measures within zoological institutions and provides strategic recommendations for mitigating interspecies viral transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"3 2","pages":"217-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.79","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of One Welfare by Rebeca García Pinillos","authors":"Donald M. Broom","doi":"10.1002/aro2.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.78","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Attitudes to the position of humans in the world, the status of nonhuman animals, and ideas about animal welfare have developed rapidly in recent years. This is partly because of a change in world economics, as consumers now have more power and dictate what they will buy, and partly because of advances in knowledge about the biology of all animals, including humans and the increasing damage to the world that is the result of human action [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The economic change is from a push economy, driven largely by producers, to a pull economy, driven largely by consumers. Consumers now wish to avoid products and actions that they consider to be morally wrong. More and more they are refusing to buy anything that is not sustainably produced. A system or procedure is sustainable if it is acceptable now and if its expected future effects are acceptable, particularly in relation to resource availability, consequences of functioning, and morality of action [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. Modern consumers require transparency in commercial and government activities and take account of the ethics of production when they evaluate product quality. There are many components of sustainability and all should be taken into account but, for food products, many consumers in countries where surveys have been conducted consider the welfare of animals used in or affected by production to be a very important part of sustainability. For example, consumers are refusing to buy pig meat if the sows have been kept in stalls or tethers, eggs or egg products from hens in battery cages, or crop products if many bees, birds, or people have died as a result of herbicide or pesticide use.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The concepts of one biology, one health, and one welfare emphasize that each of these words mean the same whether the subject of the biology, health, or welfare is human or nonhuman [&lt;span&gt;3, 4&lt;/span&gt;]. Moral action is not just about humans but concerns all sentient animals, and to some extent, all living beings. In the introduction to her book, Rebeca Garcia Pinillos emphasizes these points and says “One Welfare is a concept that encompasses, in a multidimensional way, a number of areas, including: the problems of animal production, workers and the impact on the environment of livestock farms; the reduction of violence across the world; and the connection between poor animal and human welfare states and how improved animal welfare can help improve human welfare.” Monique Eloit, Director General of the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), in a foreword to this book, has emphasized that the book develops further the “now well accepted” concept of One Health and “with the adoption of the OIE Global Animal Welfare Strategy during the 85th OIE General Session in May 2017, the OIE has specifically acknowledged the importance of multi-stakeholder and interdisciplinary approaches to animal welfare, and integrated this into our work”.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The extent to which scientific studies of welfare ","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"3 1","pages":"143-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.78","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partially substituting alfalfa hay with hemp forage promotes the health and well-being of goats via altering ruminal and plasma metabolites and metabolic pathways","authors":"Tao Ran,&nbsp;Guowang Luo,&nbsp;Yipeng Yue,&nbsp;Zhipeng Xu,&nbsp;Zunji Shi,&nbsp;Zhaomin Lei,&nbsp;Wenzhu Yang,&nbsp;Duanqin Wu","doi":"10.1002/aro2.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aro2.77","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hemp forage (HF) seems a suitable forage for ruminants for its high nutritional value and rich phytochemicals that exert health and growth-promoting activities. We investigated the effects of hemp-related phytochemicals on rumen and plasma metabolism using metabolome when partially substituting alfalfa hay with HF in goat diets. Numbers of differential metabolites linearly increased with increasing HF substituting rate, approximately 50% of which were phytochemicals. Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis showed that the inclusion of HF greatly promoted steroid hormone biosynthesis, one carbon pool by folate, and retinol metabolism pathways in both rumen and plasma, which are beneficial for promoting animal health and well-being and enhancing the quality of animal products. Some phytochemicals showed inhibitory activities on the growth of certain ruminal bacteria; meanwhile, the detected intermediate metabolites indicated degradation of the phytochemicals by ruminal microbes. These phytochemicals work individually and synergistically to alter ruminal and plasma metabolic pathways, thus exerting benefits in promoting the health and well-being of animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":100086,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research and One Health","volume":"3 1","pages":"82-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aro2.77","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143490043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}