AJO International最新文献

{"title":"Save sight keratoconus registry study: Transepithelial versus epithelium-off corneal crosslinking","authors":"Grace A. Borchert ,&nbsp;Himal Kandel ,&nbsp;Aanchal Gupta ,&nbsp;Jern Yee Chen ,&nbsp;Yves Kerdraon ,&nbsp;Richard Mills ,&nbsp;Stephanie L. Watson","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) is the primary treatment for progressive keratoconus and can be performed with the epithelium on or off. Evidence is needed to guide clinicians and patients on whether they should have transepithelial or epithelium-off CXL. The aim of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of transepithelial and epithelium-off CXL.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>An observational prospective study was conducted using real-world data from patients in the Save Sight Keratoconus Registry.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients with no previous intervention before CXL were included. The primary outcomes were adverse events, change in Kmax, habitual visual acuity and minimum corneal thickness from baseline to 12 months follow up. Mixed effects regression models evaluated changes in outcomes adjusted for age, sex, eye laterality, practices, and baseline outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were 46 eyes (37 patients) and 1203 eyes (976 patients) included treated with transepithelial and epithelium-off CXL, respectively. At 12 months follow up, the habitual visual acuity, pinhole visual acuity, Kmax, K2 and minimum corneal thickness were not significantly different between epithelium-off and transepithelial CXL. There were fewer adverse events recorded in transepithelial compared to epithelium-off CXL.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Epithelium-off and transepithelial CXL were similarly effective, measured by visual acuity and corneal curvature, to stabilise and prevent progression between baseline and 12 months follow-up in keratoconus. Transepithelial CXL had fewer adverse events compared to epithelium-off CXL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100073"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Synergizing Clinician and AI for Enhanced Ophthalmology","authors":"Omer Trivizki ,&nbsp;Daniela Ferrara","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100060","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"1 3","pages":"Article 100060"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of modulation transfer function in various intraocular lenses under normal, decentration, and tilt conditions","authors":"Andi Masdipa ,&nbsp;Yuji Matsuda ,&nbsp;Sachiko Kaidzu ,&nbsp;Masaki Tanito","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aims to compare the modulation transfer function (MTF) of different intraocular lenses (IOLs) under normal, decentration, and tilt conditions to evaluate their optical performance.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Experimental setting.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 12 IOL models (+20 D diopter, <em>n</em> = 3 each) were measured for MTF using the OptiSpheric IOL system with a 3 mm aperture diameter at a water temperature of 35 °C. Measurements were made with a spatial frequency of 0 - 200 lp/mm at the normal, decentration of 0.5 mm, and tilt of 5° positions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The MTF values were significantly different between normal and decentration conditions for XY1A (monofocal, toric) (<em>P</em> = 0.03), Tecnis ZCB00V (<em>P</em> = 0.0009), and NS-60YG (<em>P</em> = 0.004). Differences were significant between normal and tilt conditions for MP70 (<em>P</em> = 0.009), XY1 (<em>P</em> = 0.0005), and Clareon (<em>P</em> = 0.049), and were significant between decentration and tilt conditions only for LentisComfort (bifocal) (<em>P</em> = 0.01). With normal condition, MTF of Eyhance DIB00V (extended depth of focus) showed significant differences with 11 other IOLs (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001), while LentisComfort exhibited differences with 10 other IOLs (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001) except for XY1A (<em>P</em> = 0.0002). Similarly, with decentration condition, Eyhance DIB00V differed significantly from 11 other IOLs (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). With tilt condition, Eyhance DIB00V showed significant differences with 10 other IOLs (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001) except for LentisComfort, which itself differed significantly from 10 other IOLs (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In the experimental settings, while specialized IOLs can address specific visual issues, monofocal IOLs remain superior in terms of overall contrast transfer quality and resolution even in the implanted IOL position is not ideal. These results provide a basis for recommending the use of monofocal IOLs in cases where the anterior chamber depth and lens position are prone to instability, such as in eyes with weakened zonules or following glaucoma filtering surgery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100069"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avacopan rescue for Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis associated scleritis and panuveitis failing rituximab and cyclophosphamide","authors":"Elaine Hu ,&nbsp;Sana Makhdumi ,&nbsp;Kruti Dajee ,&nbsp;Jennifer Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To report the use of avacopan to achieve sustained steroid-free remission in a patient with ocular inflammation secondary to Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) failing rituximab and cyclophosphamide.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Case report</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>A patient with GPA-associated ocular disease failing rituximab and cyclophosphamide</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A 45-year-old man with a diagnosis of GPA developed nodular scleritis in the right eye. He was initially treated with steroids and rituximab with resolution of his scleritis. However, his scleritis recurred and progressed with development of panuveitis, which failed treatment with repeat rituximab dosing. All findings resolved two months after the addition of Avacopan.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This case report documents the second successful use of avacopan to induce steroid-free remission in a GPA patient who failed standard treatment with corticosteroids and rituximab.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100072"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular neuropathic pain in a real-world patient cohort with dry eye disease: A save sight dry eye registry study","authors":"Damien Tuan-Man Le ,&nbsp;Himal Kandel ,&nbsp;Ngozi C Chidi-Egboka ,&nbsp;Gerd Geerling ,&nbsp;Saaeha Rauz ,&nbsp;Alberto Recchioni ,&nbsp;Chris HL Lim ,&nbsp;Stephanie L Watson","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To compare patient demographics, clinical signs, and questionnaire scores in dry eye disease (DED) patients with and without ocular neuropathic pain.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional cohort study was performed using the Save Sight Dry Eye Registry (SSDER). Patients were divided into two groups based on a clinician diagnosis of ocular neuropathic pain and Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society Dry Eye Workshop II definitions. Patient demographics, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and Ocular Comfort Index (OCI) scores, and DED signs were compared along with Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) scores, average screen time and treatment compliance. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-squared test of independence, and Fisher's exact test. P-values were Bonferroni corrected (p*).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Data from 298 patients with DED symptoms and signs (26 with ocular neuropathic pain) were analysed. There was no statistical difference in patient demographics (p*&gt;0.0063). Patients with ocular neuropathic pain had worse final, domain, and pain-related question scores for the OSDI (p*&lt;0.0031) and OCI (p*&lt;0.0039) and had higher scores for anxiety and depression for the PHQ-4 (p*&lt;0.0083). Patients with ocular neuropathic pain had a lower rate and severity of meibomian gland dysfunction (p*&lt;0.0063).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Real-world data from the SSDER demonstrated patient demographics and clinical signs poorly differentiated patients with ocular neuropathic pain within a DED cohort. Patients with ocular neuropathic pain reported significantly worse OSDI and OCI scores, indicating greater symptom severity. While this highlighted symptom differences, further research is required to determine whether OSDI and OCI scores can assist in identifying ocular neuropathic pain in DED.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100068"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The performance of artificial intelligence-based large language models on ophthalmology-related questions in Swedish proficiency test for medicine: ChatGPT-4 omni vs Gemini 1.5 Pro","authors":"Mehmet Cem Sabaner ,&nbsp;Arzu Seyhan Karatepe Hashas ,&nbsp;Kemal Mert Mutibayraktaroglu ,&nbsp;Zubeyir Yozgat ,&nbsp;Oliver Niels Klefter ,&nbsp;Yousif Subhi","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To compare the interpretation and response context of two commonly used artificial intelligence (AI)-based large language model (LLM) platforms to ophthalmology-related multiple choice questions (MCQs) in the Swedish proficiency test for medicine (“<em>kunskapsprov för läkare</em>”) exams.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Observational study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The questions of a total of 29 exams held between 2016 and 2024 were reviewed. All ophthalmology-related questions were included in this study, and categorized into ophthalmology sections. Questions were asked to ChatGPT-4o and Gemini 1.5 Pro AI-based LLM chatbots in Swedish and English with specific commands. Secondly, all MCQs were asked again without feedback. As the final step, feedback was given for questions that were still answered incorrectly, and all questions were subsequently re-asked.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 134 ophthalmology-related questions out of 4876 MCQs were evaluated via both AI-based LLMs. The MCQ count in the 29 exams was 4.62 ± 2.21 (range: 0–8). After the final step, ChatGPT-4o achieved higher accuracy in Swedish (94 %) and English (95.5 %) compared to Gemini 1.5 Pro (both at 88.1 %) (<em>p</em> = <em>0.13</em>, and <em>p</em> = <em>0.04</em>, respectively). Moreover, ChatGPT-4o provided more correct answers in the neuro-ophthalmology section (<em>n</em> = 47) compared to Gemini 1.5 Pro across all three attempts in English (<em>p</em> <em>&lt;</em> <em>0.05</em>). There was no statistically significant difference either in the inter-AI comparison of other ophthalmology sections or in the inter-lingual comparison within AIs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Both AI-based LLMs, and especially ChatGPT-4o, appear to perform well in ophthalmology-related MCQs. AI-based LLMs can contribute to ophthalmological medical education not only by selecting correct answers to MCQs but also by providing explanations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100070"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ophthalmologic care for Indigenous Canadians","authors":"Mostafa Bondok ,&nbsp;Brendan K. Tao ,&nbsp;Christopher Hanson ,&nbsp;Gurkaran Sarohia ,&nbsp;Edsel Ing","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Indigenous Canadians (IC) experience inequities in eye care. Identification of these inequities may inform the development of culturally appropriate interventions.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>For this review, a literature search of Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, CINAHL – EBSCO and Scopus from inception to January 24, 2024 was conducted. Studies were screened by two independent reviewers, and conflicts were resolved through discussion with a third reviewer.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>IC have a greater burden but lower likelihood of being screened for diabetic retinopathy (DR). Barriers to DR care include poor access and racism; enablers include supportive interactions, culturally sensitive programming, and the inclusion of Indigenous staff. IC have less access to cataract surgery and post-operative follow-up due to geographic, economic, and cultural factors. Inuit people have the highest global rates of angle-closure glaucoma. Tele-glaucoma may reduce the time to treatment for open-angle glaucoma. Compared to non-IC, uveitis in IC occurs at a younger age, is more often bilateral and granulomatous with pan-uveal involvement, in part because Vogt Koyanagi Harada is more common in IC. Uncorrected refractive errors, conjunctival papilloma, epiblepharon, and spheroidal keratopathy may disproportionally affect IC.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Barriers to ophthalmic care for IC persist in both rural and urban settings. Health care should be culturally appropriate, integrated with primary care and incorporate tele-ophthalmology if needed. Holistic care at Indigenous-led centres is ideal.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100067"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950253524000674/pdfft?md5=a5f67a4575ab233d57f60a0e8bc7b236&pid=1-s2.0-S2950253524000674-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142270720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient capture of dry eye data from the real world: The Save Sight Dry Eye Registry","authors":"Stephanie Louise Watson ,&nbsp;Ngozi Charity Chidi-Egboka ,&nbsp;Pauline Khoo ,&nbsp;Maria Cabrera-Aguas ,&nbsp;Fiona Stapleton ,&nbsp;Gerd Geerling ,&nbsp;David Mingo ,&nbsp;Saaeha Rauz ,&nbsp;Alberto Recchioni ,&nbsp;Francisco Arnalich-Montiel ,&nbsp;Laura Elizabeth Downie ,&nbsp;Vincent Daien ,&nbsp;Fanny Babeau ,&nbsp;Jennifer P Craig ,&nbsp;Himal Kandel","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To describe a web-based, high-quality data collection tool able to track the clinical data of patients with dry eye disease (DED) in routine clinical practice.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Retrospective analysis of core system web data from a prospectively designed, observational, routine clinical practice registry, the Save Sight Dry Eye Registry (SSDER).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Patients with DED, from 11-Nov-2020 to 04-Mar-2024 were analysed. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and Ocular Comfort Index (OCI) questionnaires collected patient-reported DED symptoms, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) screened for anxiety and depression. Outcome data include index visit demography, DED symptoms and signs.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Fifteen clinicians (ophthalmologists and optometrists) from nine practices across Australia, France, Germany, Nepal, Spain and the United Kingdom contributed data, comprising index visits of 958 eyes from 479 patients (mean±SD age 56±17 years; 78.7% female). Up to 89.9% of the patients had either evaporative or mixed DED based on clinician's judgement. Mean OSDI symptom score at index visit was 35.7 ± 19.4 (<em>n</em> = 366), and the mean sores for frequency and intensity of discomfort with the OCI was 31.9 ± 6.1 and 31.4 ± 6.8 (<em>n</em> = 202) respectively. Forty-one percent of patients had mild to severe symptoms of anxiety and depression. Median tear breakup time and tear meniscus height were 5 (IQR 2–8) seconds and 0.3 (IQR 0.2–0.4) mm, respectively. Ocular surface staining was graded as none (37.6%), minimal (31.7%), mild (19.8%), moderate (8.8%) and severe (2.1%).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The SSDER facilitated the collection of data from patients with DED from real-world clinical practice. Presenting patients had moderate DED, which was mostly evaporative in nature. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were reported by more than one-third of the cohort.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"1 3","pages":"Article 100065"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950253524000650/pdfft?md5=62c015da5162b169a9054e2b74b27702&pid=1-s2.0-S2950253524000650-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142087853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors affecting quality of life in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration","authors":"Benjamin Sommer Thinggaard ,&nbsp;Yousif Subhi ,&nbsp;Fadumo Abdullah Ismail ,&nbsp;Maria Pedersen ,&nbsp;Lars Morsø ,&nbsp;Jakob Grauslund ,&nbsp;Lonny Stokholm","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>This study examines how factors such as age, sex, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), driving ability, and perceived treatment effectiveness influence quality of life (QoL) among patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) in treatment with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections. Such information might be invaluable for healthcare providers, enabling them to understand who benefits from treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Survey-based cross-sectional study</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We used questionnaire responses from patients receiving intravitreal anti-VEGF injections for nAMD to evaluate self-reported QoL, measured by the Macular Degeneration Quality of Life questionnaire. Background questions in the survey gathered patient information, while BCVA was obtained from medical records. The associations between self-rated QoL and various factors were analyzed using binomial logistic regression and linear regression. We calculated crude odds ratio (OR) and β-coefficient as well as OR and β-coefficient adjusted for sex, age, and BCVA.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>This study included 348 individuals, median age 79.2 years (IQR 75.0–84.0), with 58.3 % women. In the adjusted logistic model, factors associated with a QoL above average were male sex (OR 1.65, 95 % CI 1.04, 2.63), BCVA above 0.5 Snellen in best seeing eye (OR 11.16, 95 % CI 4.24, 29.35), preserved driving ability (OR 3.35, 95 % CI 1.80, 6.26), and perceiving treatment effectiveness (OR 2.15, 95 % CI 1.07, 4.34). The adjusted linear regression revealed the same associations, yet the positive relationship between QoL and biological sex was significant in the crude model but not in the adjusted model (β: 0.30, 95 % CI -0.04, 0.64).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Good visual acuity and driving ability strongly correlate with high QoL in patients with nAMD. Perceptions of the effectiveness of anti-VEGF treatment double the likelihood of high QoL, highlighting the need for further investigation into its potential clinical implications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"1 3","pages":"Article 100066"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950253524000662/pdfft?md5=56384a5249e24af4818a8efb5b27b373&pid=1-s2.0-S2950253524000662-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142099698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing the power of Google DeepMind: Gemini versus ChatGPT 4 facing a European ophthalmology examination","authors":"Matteo Mario Carlà ,&nbsp;Federico Giannuzzi ,&nbsp;Francesco Boselli ,&nbsp;Stanislao Rizzo","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The aim of this study was to compare the performances of Google Gemini and ChatGPT-4, facing a triple simulation of the European Board of Ophthalmologists (EBO) multiple choices exam.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Observational study.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The EBO multiple choice examination consists of 52 questions followed by 5 statements each, for a total of 260 answers. Statements may be answered with “True”, “False” or “Don't Know”: a correct answer is awarded 1 point; an incorrect is penalized 0.5 points; “don't know” scores 0 points. At least 60 % correct answers are needed to pass the exam. After explaining the rules to the chatbots, he entire question with the 5 statements was input. The rate of correct answers and the final score were collected. The exam simulation was repeated 3 times with randomly generated questions.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Google Gemini and ChatGPT-4 succeed in EBO exam simulations in all 3 cases, with an average 85.3 ± 3.1 % and 83.3 ± 2.4 % of correct answers. Gemini had a lower error rate compared to ChatGPT (6.7 ± 1.5 % vs. 13.0 ± 2.6 %, <em>p</em> = 0.03), but answered “Don't know” more frequently (8.0 ± 2.7 % vs. 3.7 ± 1.5 %, <em>p</em> = 0.05). Both chatbots scored at least 70 % of correct answers in each exam subspecialty across the 3 simulations. Converting the percentages into points, Gemini scored 213.5 ± 9.3 points on average, compared to 199.8 ± 7.1 points for ChatGPT (<em>p</em> = 0.21).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Google Gemini and ChatGPT-4 can both succeed in a complex ophthalmology examination on widespread topics, with higher accuracy compared to their former versions, highlighting their evolving importance in educational and informative setting.</p></div><div><h3>Precis</h3><p>Google Gemini and ChatGPT-4 were both able to succeed in 3 consecutive exam simulations of the European Board of Ophthalmologists with an average of 85 % and 83 % correct answers, respectively. Google Gemini showed significantly less errors when compared to ChatGPT.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"1 3","pages":"Article 100063"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950253524000637/pdfft?md5=4e9c209c1a98a7ea76ea9d21c9040f92&pid=1-s2.0-S2950253524000637-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142021410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}