AJO International最新文献

{"title":"Age outweighs race in survival of sebaceous gland carcinoma of the eyelid: A 21-year SEER database analysis","authors":"Said Yaseen ,&nbsp;Ahmad Sermed Al Sakini ,&nbsp;Sara Al-Banna ,&nbsp;Alaa H. Ewida ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hamad ,&nbsp;Mahmoud M. Abu Tafesh ,&nbsp;Leen Abu Rabi ,&nbsp;Hashem Abu Serhan","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Sebaceous gland carcinomas (SC) are rare neoplasms arising from the eyelids’ sebaceous glands. Investigating racial disparities in their occurrence, management, and outcomes is crucial for enhancing patient care.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective database analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, which collects cancer incidence and survival data from diverse geographic regions in the United States, representing approximately 48 % of the U.S. population, for patients diagnosed with SC between 2000 and 2021. Patients were stratified into four racial groups: White, Black, Asian/Pacific Islander, and American Indian/Alaska Native. Incidence rates, stage at diagnosis, treatment modalities, and survival outcomes were analyzed. A multivariate Cox regression model assessed the prognostic impact of age and radiation therapy on survival, adjusting for relevant confounders.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 969 patients diagnosed with eyelid SC, 615 were aged 70 years or older, accounting for approximately 63 percent, with a slight female predominance of 55.5 percent. White patients had survival rates of 49.5 % while patients from other racial groups had survival rates of 59.3 %. The Log-Rank test found no statistically significant survival differences by race (<em>P</em> = 0.075). Multivariate analysis identified advanced age (≥70 years) as a strong independent prognostic factor for decreased survival (hazard ratio = 4.50, CI: 2.67–7.59: <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Additionally, radiation therapy was significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality (hazard ratio = 1.59, 95 % CI: 1.10–2.29; <em>p</em> = 0.01), highlighting its prognostic significance in the management of SC. While race was not statistically significant, white race exhibited a higher risk (hazard ratio = 1.16, CI: 0.88–1.53; <em>p</em> = 0.28).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Survival outcomes did not significantly differ by race; however, age was identified as a critical prognostic factor. Larger sample sizes are needed to establish additional risk factors and assess potential disparities among underrepresented populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of pediatric and adult ocular diseases in the context of social determinants of health","authors":"Deniz Oncel ,&nbsp;Ria Ravi ,&nbsp;Xhulio Arolli ,&nbsp;Sandra Hoyek ,&nbsp;Celine Chaaya ,&nbsp;Audina M. Berrocal ,&nbsp;Nimesh A. Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Little is known about the impact of social determinants of health (SDoH) on pediatric eye health outcomes and the relative results in comparison to adults. SDoH encompass social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health outcomes, including access to healthcare, education, income, housing, and neighborhood safety. The objective of this study is to compare pediatric and adult ocular diseases and examine the prevalence of SDoH components among participants of the National Institutes of Health All of Us Research (AoU) Program.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>The NIH AoU Program, which is a U.S. based initiative, recruited diverse participants via partnerships with multiple organizations, prioritizing underrepresented groups. We included participants in the NIH AoU Research Program with data who answered the survey question pertaining to delayed care due to lack of transportation, food insecurity, income level, insurance status, and access to eye care within the last 12 months.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The main outcome was a diagnosis or prevalence of glaucoma, cataract, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), which were grouped into adult eye diseases, and Coats disease, amblyopia, strabismus, retinoblastoma, and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), which were grouped into pediatric eye diseases. The exposure was self-reported delays in care for medical appointments due to limitations in transportation, insurance status, income level and food insecurity. The prevalence of SoDH components were compared between pediatric and adult patients. Multivariable models were used for analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study population included 834,237 participants with 22,729 adult participants with ocular diseases and 6340 pediatric patients with ocular diseases. Pediatric ocular diseases had a mean age of 50.3 (±10.4), while adult diseases were 72.9 (±10.2) years (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). ROP diagnosis demonstrated the highest rate of lack of insurance, income levels, food insecurity, and lack of transportation access across all ocular diseases. Those with pediatric conditions showed significantly greater food insecurity, low-income levels, and lack of insurance status compared to adults (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001, respectively). For both pediatric and adult conditions, as disease severity increased, so did the lack of transportation (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Pediatric ocular diseases were associated with greater deficits in social determinants of health. In all groups, as disease severity increased, so did the difficulties in accessing care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"School-based eye health interventions for improving eye care and spectacles compliance in children in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review","authors":"Gabriel Osei Anokye ,&nbsp;Carlos Price-Sanchez ,&nbsp;Ai Chee Yong ,&nbsp;Majd Ali ,&nbsp;Christopher Tate ,&nbsp;Ronnie Graham ,&nbsp;Ving Fai Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>School vision screening is a cost-effective approach to identifying eye conditions like uncorrected refractive errors among children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but challenges with spectacle compliance, procurement, and follow-up persist. This review examines school-based eye health interventions in LMICs to assess their impact on spectacle compliance, knowledge, attitudes, practices, and referral adherence, highlighting limitations and gaps in current literature.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A literature search was performed in three databases, focusing on studies published from 1999 onward. Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, the review included studies involving school children in LMICs that assessed school-based interventions aimed at improving spectacle compliance, knowledge, attitudes, practices and referral adherence. Studies conducted in universities or studies that did not perform primary data collection were excluded. Titles, abstract, full-text screening and data extraction was performed independently by two researchers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 108 articles identified, seven studies from five countries met inclusion criteria. Study designs included four randomised controlled trials, one cross-sectional study, one quasi-experimental study, and one qualitative prospective study. Interventions varied: five studies (71 %) included eye health education, three (43 %) focused on promotional activities, two (29 %) provided free spectacles, and one (14 %) used media campaigns and incentives. Eye health education and free spectacles were most effective in increasing spectacle compliance, while education and promotional interventions improved knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Only one study measured referral adherence.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Eye health education, promotion, media reminders, and free spectacles improves spectacle compliance, knowledge, attitudes, practices, and referral adherence. Further research should investigate the cost-effectiveness of these interventions in LMICs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociodemographic disparities in diabetic retinopathy: Analysis of the 2021 behavioral risk factor surveillance system","authors":"Dawsyn Smith ,&nbsp;S. Mackenzee Hester ,&nbsp;Ryan Emmert ,&nbsp;Juliana Bryant ,&nbsp;Micah Hartwell","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To investigate and update the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) by age, race/ethnicity, sex, socioeconomic status, education, and rurality in the United States. Additionally, we aimed to address a gap in research by investigating the rates of DR among the transgender population.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a phone-based survey conducted in the United States and surrounding territories by the Centers for Disease Control, and assessed the prevalence of DR by various sociodemographic factors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A sample of 21,905 individuals was drawn from survey data based on self-reported diabetes status. We used <em>X</em>² tests to evaluate the prevalence of DR across sociodemographic factors, and a multivariable logistic regression model with all variables was used to determine adjusted odds ratios as a measure for sociodemographic associations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From the 21,905 participants, the prevalence of DR was lower in females (17.34 %) than males (20.14 %), though highest in transgender participants (27.16 %; <em>P</em> = 0.017). White individuals had the lowest prevalence of DR (16.57 %)—with all other groups exceeding 22 % (P&lt;0.01). DR prevalence was inversely associated with income and educational attainment (P&lt;0.01). The adjusted regression model shoowed significantly higher likelihoods for males (AOR = 1.33; 95%CI: 1.16-1.52) compared to females and for all racial groups compared to White individuals, with Asian Americans showing the highest odds (AOR = 2.08; 95%CI: 1.16-3.71). It also revealed lower odds with increasing income--those earning &gt;$200,000 or more (AOR = 0.40; 95 % CI: 0.22 0.75)—and higher education, with college or technical school graduates (AOR = 0.74; 95 % CI: 0.58–0.95) compared to the lowest levels.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings showed higher DR prevalence among all ethnoracial groups, males and transgender individuals, and lower income and education status. These disparities highlight the need for targeted screening and prevention efforts, including removing barriers and improving access to care and community education programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociodemographic disparities in eye examinations: A nationally representative survey analysis","authors":"Ryan S. Huang ,&nbsp;Andrew Mihalache ,&nbsp;Marko M. Popovic ,&nbsp;Nikhil S. Patil ,&nbsp;Peter J. Kertes ,&nbsp;Rajeev H. Muni ,&nbsp;Radha P. Kohly","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To investigate associations between sociodemographic factors and eye examinations for adults in the United States.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were pooled from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey, a population-based nationwide survey of randomly sampled households. Data collection occurred from January 1st to December 31st, 2022. Participants aged ≥18 years from all 50 states and the District of Columbia for whom data were available on eye examinations were included. The main outcome was whether participants had an eye examination from a specialist within the past year of being interviewed. Logistic regression models were used for univariable and multivariable analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Across 27,246 adults, 14,812 (54.4 %) had an eye examination within the past year and 12,434 (45.6 %) did not. In our multivariable analysis, the following sociodemographic factors were associated with an increased odds of having undergone an eye examination within the past year: female sex (OR=1.48, 95 %CI=[1.39, 1.57, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01), Hispanic ethnicity (OR=1.22, 95 %CI=[1.09, 1.37], <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) or Asian race (OR=1.15, 95 %CI=[1.05, 1.33], <em>p</em> = 0.04). The following factors were associated with a reduced odds of having undergone an eye examination: being single compared to married (OR=0.87, 95 %CI=[0.81, 0.93], <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01), residing in the West compared to the Northeast (OR=0.86, 95 %CI=[0.77, 0.96], <em>p</em> = 0.01), and those who lacked citizenship status (OR=0.73, 95 %CI=[0.63, 0.84], <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01), or insurance (OR=0.58, 95 %CI=[0.51, 0.66], <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Several sociodemographic factors were associated with the likelihood of undergoing an eye examination within the past year. Public health efforts dedicated to addressing inequities in access to eye examinations are imperative.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence for Whom? A Systematic Review of Eligibility Criteria in RCTs of Anti-VEGF for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration","authors":"Andreas Arnold-Vangsted ,&nbsp;Emil Alexander Rosenørn ,&nbsp;Emilie Theresa Sørrig Butler ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Anguita ,&nbsp;Rita Serrano Anjos ,&nbsp;Lasse Jørgensen Cehofski ,&nbsp;Vibeke Christensen ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Ferro Desideri ,&nbsp;Jakob Grauslund ,&nbsp;Javad Nouri Hajari ,&nbsp;Musa Yasin Kaya ,&nbsp;Oliver Niels Klefter ,&nbsp;Celine Lee ,&nbsp;Line Petersen ,&nbsp;Miklos Schneider ,&nbsp;Yousif Subhi","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To summarize the eligibility criteria used in randomized controlled trials (RCT) of intravitreal anti-VEGF treatments for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Systematic review.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A search of 12 literature databases was conducted on 15 April 2024. RCTs of intravitreal anti-VEGF for the treatment of neovascular AMD in treatment-naïve eyes were identified. Data on the eligibility criteria for visual function, disease definition and stage, ocular comorbidities, systemic comorbidities, demographics, and other factors not included in other categories were extracted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 49 eligible studies were included in this review, which together included 26,995 eyes of 26,995 patients. We identified a range of eligibility criteria on areas of visual function (minimum 18–50 ETDRS letters; maximum 69–78 ETDRS letters), disease definition and stage (FA only vs. multimodal approach), ocular and systemic comorbidities (most frequent exclusion criteria across studies were any history of the following: intraocular surgery, diabetic retinopathy, panretinal photocoagulation, glaucoma, and myopia), demographics, as well as a miscellaneous category with other topics. Studies employed a set of criteria so stringent that it could be questioned to which extent patients included were generalizable to real-world patients with AMD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>RCTs of anti-VEGF treatments for neovascular AMD employ stringent eligibility criteria, which in consequence may reduce the generalizability of findings to real-world populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of mobile health (mHealth) in the field of eye care: A scoping review of interventions used by individuals and health services to communicate","authors":"Priya Morjaria ,&nbsp;Jessica Massie ,&nbsp;Alex-Anne Harvey ,&nbsp;Covadonga Bascaran ,&nbsp;Iris Gordon ,&nbsp;Stuart Keel ,&nbsp;Andrew Bastawrous","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mobile health (mhealth) has the potential to become a powerful tool to support healthcare delivery in various ways, but there is a gap in the understanding on the impact of mHealth interventions used in eyecare. The aim of this scoping review is to collate, synthesise and describe the types of mHealth interventions in eye care. We searched MEDLINE, Embase and Global Health on 2 March 2021, July 13th 2023 and August 8th 2024 for any mHealth intervention that is available within an eyecare service and involves communication between patients and health professionals. Fifty-nine studies were included in the scoping review. The results highlight the extensive areas in eye health where mHealth is currently being applied, including a range of settings, modalities and intervention types. Predominantly, mHealth is used for multiple eye conditions and interventions aiming to increase adherence to treatments, improve appointment attendance, and raise awareness of eyecare. However, the specific modes of delivery and types of interventions (simple or complex) that are most effective remain unclear. This scoping review highlights there is significant interest and potential for mHealth interventions to improve communication between eye care professionals and patients across various settings and modalities. Despite the promising applications of mHealth to eye care, the effectiveness of these interventions can vary widely across different settings. To maximise the benefits of mHealth in eye care, future research should aim to address these gaps, especially within diverse socio-economic contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of personal contact information for patient communication in ophthalmology","authors":"Kelsey M. Donovan ,&nbsp;Prem N. Patel ,&nbsp;Sandra Hoyek ,&nbsp;Celine Chaaya ,&nbsp;Hasenin Al-khersan ,&nbsp;Kenneth C. Fan ,&nbsp;Nicolas A. Yannuzzi ,&nbsp;Jayanth Sridhar ,&nbsp;Nimesh A. Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To determine rates of personal communication between patients and ophthalmologists.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>This was a cross-sectional study assessing ophthalmologists’ electronic communication practices with patients in 2021.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An online survey was distributed to a convenience sample of ophthalmologists through an ophthalmology email listserv in the United States.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 92 respondents, the average age was 55.2 (range: 32–86) and most were male (70.7 %) with &gt;10 years of attending experience (81.5 %). Overall, 63.0 % of respondents shared their personal phone number or email address with patients, more frequently for post-operative patients (63.0 %) or patients with complications (52.2 %). Many respondents (55.4 %) did not discuss guidelines for using their personal email or phone number with patients and the majority (87.0 %) expressed little or no regret in sharing their contact information. Most ophthalmologists (76.1 %) endorsed reimbursement for extra time talking with patients outside of clinic appointments, while few (6.5 %) billed for their calls. Documentation of electronic encounters in the electronic medical record showed 44.6 % documenting most of the time and 30.4 % rarely documenting.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Many ophthalmologists share their personal email address or phone number with patients without setting guidelines for patients using them or properly documenting and billing for the electronic encounter. This suggests a need for improved accessibility of physicians through office phone numbers. Additionally, guidelines may be warranted to support ophthalmologists in documenting and billing for electronic communications for patient safety and medicolegal purposes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143790868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerating visual field loss with age: A statistical approach using a large-scale real-world dataset","authors":"Tomoki Shirakami ,&nbsp;Tetsuro Omura ,&nbsp;Hiroki Fukuda ,&nbsp;Ryo Asaoka ,&nbsp;Masaki Tanito","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To examine whether visual field (VF) loss progresses linearly or accelerates with aging.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective database analysis study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 27,556 VF tests represented 1721 eyes of 973 Japanese subjects who recorded central 30–2 VF at least 10 occasions for each eye. A mixed-effects model with a two-level random-effects structure was employed, where Patient ID served as the first level and left/right eye (LR) nested within Patient ID served as the second level. Using this framework, three models were developed to assess the effects of aging on mean deviation (MD): (1) a linear model that included only an age term, (2) a quadratic model that extended the linear model by adding an age-squared term to capture potential non-linear effects of aging, and (3) an interaction model that incorporated both an age term and a term for the time from baseline in years (t) to evaluate the interaction between age and elapsed time. These models were used to estimate MD slope (dB/year) and acceleration (dB/year²).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the linear model, the mean deviation (MD) declined at an average rate of approximately −0.17 dB/year (AIC=122,418, BIC=122,459). The quadratic model indicated that VF performance peaked around age 37 and then declined at an accelerating pace (AIC=121,680, BIC=121,729). Among the tested approaches, the interaction model, which incorporated both age and time from baseline, yielded the lowest AIC (119,498) and BIC (119,555), indicating the best fit. These findings collectively suggest that VF decline in glaucoma is not uniform but intensifies with advancing age.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>VF loss does not progress at a constant rate but accelerates with aging. Considering a future acceleration of VF loss, in addition to a current speed, is important for lifelong maintenance of visual function in glaucoma patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of transitioning from SITA-Standard to SITA-Fast or SITA-Faster on sensitivities below the measurement floor","authors":"Chris Bradley ,&nbsp;Alex Pham ,&nbsp;Jithin Yohannan","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Determine how sensitivities below the measurement floor of the Humphrey Field Analyzer change when transitioning from Swedish Interactive Thresholding Algorithm (SITA) Standard to SITA-Fast and SITA-Faster strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective descriptive study</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>A total of 21,468 24-2 SITA-Standard, 4872 SITA-Fast and 3468 SITA-Faster VFs from 7917 glaucoma and glaucoma suspect eyes with at least 5 VFs between 1997 and 2023 at the Wilmer Eye Institute.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>At each test location of the 24-2 test pattern, we measured the probability that &lt;0 dB at a given test location on two baseline SITA-Standard VFs was M dB or higher on the first SITA-Fast or SITA-Faster post-baseline VF for different values of <em>M</em> &gt; 0. Results were compared to using the same test strategy for both baseline and post-baseline VFs.</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>Probability of &lt;0 dB at baseline being measured as <em>M</em> &gt; 0 dB or higher on the first post-baseline VF.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At <em>M</em> = 7 dB, which was approximately one standard deviation above the mean for post-baseline SITA-Standard sensitivities, average percent change from &lt;0 dB across all test locations was 10.3 % for SITA-Standard, 15.8 % for SITA-Fast and 25.5 % for SITA-Faster. Percent change from &lt;0 dB for all M tested (up to <em>M</em> = 20) was consistently higher near the macula compared to overall averages: on average 1.3 % higher for SITA-Standard, 1.5 % higher for SITA-Fast, and 6.3 % higher for SITA-Faster.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Increased caution is advised when following the progression of &lt;0 dB defects during a transition from SITA-Standard to SITA-Fast or SITA-Faster.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}