AJO International最新文献

{"title":"A modified technique of compression sutures combined with intracameral sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) for acute corneal hydrops","authors":"Omar Kirat ,&nbsp;Nada K. Naaman ,&nbsp;Adhwa Alsadoon ,&nbsp;Halah Bin Helayel ,&nbsp;Rafah Fairaq","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aimed to present cases of acute corneal hydrops managed using a modified compression suture technique and intracameral gas tamponade.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eight cases presented to the emergency room with acute drop in vision, corneal opacity, and Descemet’s membrane defects. The primary diagnoses included keratoconus in six cases, pellucid marginal degeneration (PMD) in one, and post-refractive ectasia in one. They were managed using a modified compression suture technique and intracameral air/gas tamponade. The procedure included creating a small surgical inferior peripheral iridectomy, followed by intracameral injection of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) 20 % , and suturing the Descemet’s membrane defect with 10–0 Prolene using a straight needle in a continuous crisscross, horizontal cruciate mattress full-thickness technique.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of eight eyes from eight patients were included. The series consisted of four males (50 %) and four females (50 %), with a median age of 27 years (range: 12–58 years). The median duration of hydrops symptoms prior to presentation was 24 days (range: 16–60 days). Uncorrected visual acuity at presentation ranged from 20/200 to hand motion. The median time for corneal edema resolution postoperatively was 2 weeks (range: 1–3 weeks). Sutures were removed at two months with no documented recurrences. Final uncorrected visual acuity ranged from 20/50 to 20/200, with a median of 20/80, excluding one patient with a difficult-to-assess visual acuity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The modified compression suturing technique appears to be an effective alternative with a double mattress effect for expediting corneal edema resolution and Descemet’s membrane defect closure. Advantages include facilitating contact lens fitting and reducing the risk of corneal neovascularization. This technique may be particularly beneficial for pediatric and high-risk patients, including those who are mentally challenged, when postponing keratoplasty is necessary.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term outcomes of faricimab and aflibercept 8 mg in diabetic macular edema","authors":"Carlo Maccauro ,&nbsp;Yanny Jimenez Perez ,&nbsp;Piergiorgio Neri ,&nbsp;Ibraheem El Ghrably ,&nbsp;Haytham I Salti ,&nbsp;Francesco Pichi","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate and compare the effectiveness and treatment burden of faricimab and aflibercept 8 mg in treatment-naive patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) using a pro re nata (PRN) protocol.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective, observational cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><div>A total of 28 eyes from 18 treatment-naive patients diagnosed with DME were included. Fourteen eyes were treated with faricimab, and fourteen eyes were treated with aflibercept 8 mg. Patients were selected based on clinical and imaging criteria confirming the presence of center-involving DME requiring anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients received loading doses of either four monthly faricimab injections or three aflibercept 8 mg injections and were followed for a total of approximately 6 to 9 months, including both loading and PRN phases. Primary outcomes included changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measured in logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR), central retinal thickness (CRT) assessed via optical coherence tomography (OCT), and the number of injections required. Secondary outcomes included fluid resolution rates based on OCT findings. Statistical comparisons between groups were performed using independent two-sample <em>t</em>-tests, with a p-value &lt;0.05 considered statistically significant.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Changes in BCVA, CRT, injection frequency, and fluid resolution.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean BCVA change was -0.12 logMAR for faricimab and -0.10 logMAR for aflibercept 8 mg (<em>p</em> = 0.41). The reductions in CRT were 96.2 µm and 91.6 µm, respectively (<em>p</em> = 0.58). The injection burden was similar, with an average of 5.71 injections for faricimab and 5.14 for aflibercept 8 mg (<em>p</em> = 0.32). Fluid resolution rates did not differ significantly between groups. No serious adverse events were reported.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Both faricimab and aflibercept 8 mg demonstrated significant improvements in BCVA and CRT. While the results suggest comparable efficacy and safety between the two treatments, this conclusion should be interpreted cautiously due to the study's limitations. Specifically, the relatively small sample size and short follow-up duration. These findings highlight the importance of individualized treatment considerations, such as cost, accessibility, and patient preference. Further prospective studies are needed to validate these results and assess long-term treatment durability across different regimens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144123150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Povidone-iodine in the treatment of infectious keratitis: A systematic review","authors":"Waleed K. Alsarhani ,&nbsp;Amy Basilious ,&nbsp;Marko M. Popovic ,&nbsp;Sara Alshaker ,&nbsp;Clara C. Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate if povidone-iodine (PI) is effective and safe in the treatment of infectious keratitis.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Systematic review.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic review of Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library was conducted to find relevant published articles. Outcomes including best corrected visual acuity, infiltrate, ulcer size and colony forming units (CFUs) were collected. All randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies published in English were included.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 221 articles were identified. After screening of titles and abstracts, 15 articles underwent full-text review. Three RCTs, one cohort and four case reports met the inclusion criteria. In one study, PI was shown to be an effective treatment in reducing infiltrate and ulcer size while waiting for culture results. Another study found no significant difference between PI and antibiotic treatment in achieving recovery and presumed cure. However, two other studies reported that PI did not significantly reduce CFU or improve visual outcomes when added to standard antibiotic treatment. None of the studies reported any safety concerns with topical PI.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Some studies suggest that PI may have potential benefits in the management of infectious keratitis, while others found no significant differences relative to placebo or when added to topical antibiotic treatment. . The current evidence is limited by small sample sizes and heterogeneity in study design, populations, outcome measures, and PI concentrations. RCTs with a larger sample size, and standardized PI concentrations, durations, and outcome measures are recommended to confirm the efficacy of PI in the treatment of infectious keratitis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intracameral prostaglandin implant vs Timolol in open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Nikhil Sharma ,&nbsp;MahalaquaNazli Khatib ,&nbsp;AshokKumar Balaraman ,&nbsp;Roopashree R ,&nbsp;Mandeep Kaur ,&nbsp;Manish Srivastava ,&nbsp;Amit Barwal ,&nbsp;G․V․Siva Prasad ,&nbsp;Pranchal Rajput ,&nbsp;Rukshar Syed ,&nbsp;Gajendra Sharma ,&nbsp;Sunil Kumar ,&nbsp;MahendraPratap Singh ,&nbsp;Ganesh Bushi ,&nbsp;Nagavalli Chilakam ,&nbsp;Sakshi Pandey ,&nbsp;Manvinder Brar ,&nbsp;Rachana Mehta ,&nbsp;Sanjit Sah ,&nbsp;AbhayM Gaidhane ,&nbsp;Hashem Abu Serhan","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Intracameral prostaglandin implants represent a novel approach to managing intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucoma patients, potentially addressing adherence issues associated with topical medications. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the comparative safety and efficacy of intracameral prostaglandin implants versus topical timolol in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) or ocular hypertension (OHT).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A systematic review and meta-analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to September 15, 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing intracameral prostaglandin implants with topical timolol in adult patients with OAG or OHT were included. Primary outcomes were mean difference (MD) in IOP reduction and adverse events. Risk of bias was assessed using the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB-2) at the outcome level, and certainty of evidence was evaluated using GRADE methodology.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seven articles from 5 unique RCTs (2600 participants) were included. Intracameral prostaglandin implants demonstrated early superiority in IOP reduction, which converged with timolol by 12 weeks. At 10 days, implants showed greater IOP reduction compared to timolol (MD -0.942 mmHg, 95 % CI -1.174 to -0.710). At 2 weeks (MD -0.787 mmHg, 95 % CI -0.969 to -0.605) and 6 weeks (MD -0.317 mmHg, 95 % CI -0.589 to -0.045), the difference remained statistically significant but diminished. By 12 weeks, the difference was no longer significant (MD -0.055 mmHg, 95 % CI -0.276 to 0.166). Subgroup analyses suggested the 15 μg bimatoprost dose maintained efficacy longer than 10 μg or 75 μg travoprost doses. Adverse events were more common with implants than timolol, particularly conjunctival hyperemia, eye pain, and iritis. Corneal endothelial cell density decreased more with implants than timolol after 3–20 months (MD -201.640 cells/mm², 95 % CI -284.697 to -118.583). Substantial heterogeneity (I² = 98–100 %) was observed, warranting cautious interpretation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Intracameral prostaglandin implants are an effective alternative to timolol, offering early IOP reduction advantages that equilibrate over time. While the absolute IOP reduction (&lt; 1 mmHg) falls below typical clinical significance thresholds, implants may offer advantages through improved treatment adherence. The benefit-risk assessment favors lower-dose implants, with the 15 μg bimatoprost implant showing the most sustained efficacy. Longer-term safety monitoring is warranted, particularly regarding corneal effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144084256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of ultra-widefield retinal imaging modalities in eyes with asteroid hyalosis","authors":"William J. Collins ,&nbsp;Cory A. Christensen ,&nbsp;Mark P. Breazzano","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Advancements in ultra-widefield fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and limitations in healthcare delivery have challenged the role of intravenous fluorescein angiography (IVFA) as the “gold standard” for evaluating the retina complicated by asteroid hyalosis (AH). The objective was to compare ultra-widefield retinal imaging methods – both non-invasive (pseudocolor fundus photography [CFP] and FAF) and IVFA modalities – in patients with AH.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective, observational, cross-sectional, single-institution study.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>One hundred and thirty patients identified via billing codes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Same-day, ultra-widefield retinal imaging modality (CFP, FAF, and IVFA) and diagnosis compatible with AH had image quality compared by standardized grading, including sub-analysis with retinal location. Image quality was defined as the degree of retinal image obscuration from asteroids and was independently measured by two researchers. Agreement was calculated based on predetermined definition.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Forty-one patients fulfilled criteria. Imaging modality had a statistically significant effect on image quality in patients with AH (<em>F</em> = 69.4, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). The region of the retina imaged also had a statistically significant effect (<em>F</em> = 2.9, <em>p</em> = 0.021). Tukey’s honestly significant difference test found that image quality was significantly greater in FAF compared to CFP (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), as well as IVFA compared to CFP (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). However, there was no significant difference of image quality between FAF and IVFA (<em>p</em> = 0.187).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings suggest that FAF is comparable in image quality to IVFA when generally assessing the retina with ultra-widefield imaging in patients with AH. Ultra-widefield FAF may serve as a reasonable alternative to IVFA for evaluating patients with these vitreous opacities in the appropriate clinical context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient Knowledge of Risk Factors for Age-Related Macular Degeneration","authors":"Benjamin Sommer Thinggaard ,&nbsp;Yousif Subhi ,&nbsp;Jakob Grauslund ,&nbsp;Lonny Stokholm","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To assess patient knowledge of risk factors for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and its relationship to vision-related quality of life.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed data from the I-OPTA Questionnaire Study, a large electronic/telephone survey conducted exclusively among 346 patients diagnosed with nAMD. The included questions covered tobacco smoking, physical activity, use of AREDS2 supplement, and vision-related quality of life (VR-QoL), as measured by the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (VFQ-25).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Regarding risk factors, 65.0 % had a history of tobacco smoking, and 63.0 % followed the Danish Health Authority's recommendation of 30 min of daily physical activity. Among tobacco smokers, 73.0 % were aware of its potential contribution to nAMD, and 3.9 % had quit tobacco smoking due to their retinal diagnosis. Regarding physical inactivity, 10.8 % reported that they were informed of its potential contribution to nAMD, and 2.6 % had increased their physical activity due to nAMD. In patients eligible for AREDS2 supplement use, 22.2 % reported taking AREDS2 supplements of which 73.0 % adhered to the recommended dose. In our adjusted analysis, VR-QoL was not associated to tobacco smoking (β:1.82, 95 % CI -7.48, 3.84) or use of AREDS2 supplement (β:2.36, 95 % CI -7.61, 2.88), but physical active patients had significantly higher VR-QoL compared to not physical active patients (β: 6.15, 95 % CI 2.50, 9.80).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Among patients with nAMD, awareness of risk factors was limited, and even fewer altered their habits because of their eye disease. Patients engaging in physical activity had significantly higher VR-QoL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of preoperative alprazolam (Xanax) on surgical experience and pain perception during refractive surgery","authors":"Shawn Sapir ,&nbsp;Hagay Hayat ,&nbsp;Mor Vered ,&nbsp;Dua Masarwa ,&nbsp;Leeor Amit ,&nbsp;Tzahi Sela ,&nbsp;Gur Munzer ,&nbsp;Igor Kaiserman","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate the effect of preoperative alprazolam (Xanax) on intraoperative pain perception, perception of waiting time and surgery duration, and overall satisfaction with refractive surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Care Vision Laser Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective case-control study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients undergoing refractive surgery on consecutive days were systematically offered 0.5 mg of oral alprazolam (Xanax) 30–60 min before surgery, with the option to decline. On other days patients were not offered the medication. Regardless of alprazolam (Xanax) use, all patients completed preoperative anxiety and postoperative “surgery satisfaction” questionnaires as part of routine quality audits. The questionnaires assessed anxiety, intraoperative pain perception, perception of waiting time, perception of surgery duration, and overall surgical experience, rated on a five-point Likert scale. Local anesthesia was standard for all patients</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 166 patients were included, of whom 54 (32.5 %) received alprazolam (Xanax). Patients who received alprazolam (Xanax) reported significantly lower intraoperative pain perception (<em>p</em> = 0.04), shorter perception of waiting time (<em>p</em> = 0.008), shorter perception of surgery duration (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), and a more favorable surgical experience (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). Ordinal logistic regression identified alprazolam (Xanax) use as the strongest predictor of a favorable experience (<em>B</em> = 1.00, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), with patients nearly three times more likely to report a positive experience.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Preoperative alprazolam (Xanax) significantly improved patient-reported surgical experience by reducing intraoperative pain perception and improving perception of waiting time and surgery duration. These findings support the role of anxiolytic premedication in optimizing perioperative comfort in refractive surgery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal imaging analysis and structure-function correlation in patients exposed to pentosan polysulfate sodium","authors":"Sandra Hoyek ,&nbsp;Eleni Konstantinou ,&nbsp;Francesco Romano ,&nbsp;Darren Chen ,&nbsp;Celine Chaaya ,&nbsp;Magdalena G. Krzystolik ,&nbsp;Daniel Hu ,&nbsp;Rachel Huckfeldt ,&nbsp;Demetrios G. Vavvas ,&nbsp;Leo A. Kim ,&nbsp;Jason Lee ,&nbsp;Elise De ,&nbsp;John B. Miller ,&nbsp;Nimesh A. Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100118","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Purpose&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;To study the anatomic and functional retinal changes in patients exposed to pentosan polysulfate (PPS) using multimodal imaging and mesopic microperimetry.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Design&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A cross-sectional consecutive case series.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Patients exposed to PPS with and without maculopathy underwent color fundus photographs (CFP), optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus autofluorescence (FAF; Spectralis OCT2, Heidelberg Engineering), macular swept-source OCT angiography (SS-OCTA; PLEX® Elite 9000, Carl Zeiss Meditec) using 3 × 3, 6 × 6, and 12 × 12-mm protocols, microperimetry (MAIA, CenterVue), and 10–2 Humphrey visual field. All patients were given a genitourinary pain index questionnaire. Vessel density (VD), vessels skeletonized density (VSD), in the whole retina (W&lt;em&gt;R&lt;/em&gt;), and in the superficial (SCP) and deep (DCP) capillary plexus, FAZ metrics, choriocapillaris flow deficit percentage (CCFD%), and retinal sensitivity were measured.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A total of 32 eyes of 16 patients (94 % female; age: 61.6 ± 13.0 years) were included, with 4 patients (25 %) having signs of maculopathy. The four patients with maculopathy were 10.6 years older than the non-maculopathy group (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.21). Mean length of PPS exposure and mean cumulative PPS lifetime dose were significantly greater in patients with maculopathy than without (23.4 ± 2.4 years vs 9.2 ± 6.4 years, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.005, and 2436.4 &lt;em&gt;g&lt;/em&gt; ± 414.4 versus 812.1 &lt;em&gt;g&lt;/em&gt; ± 677.7, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01, respectively). Mean VA was lower in the maculopathy group (69.8 ± 21.3 ETDRS letters, or 20/40 Snellen) compared to the non-maculopathy (82.5 ± 2.8 ETDRS letters, or 20/23 Snellen), &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.001. Ten eyes (31.25 %) showed abnormal CFP findings, including drusen (4 eyes, 40 %), all in patients without PPS-related maculopathy, and RPE irregularities (6 eyes, 60 %), in patients with and without PPS-related maculopathy. One eye (3.1 %) had a lamellar hole, and another (3.1 %) had a full-thickness macular hole, both in the maculopathy group. FAF showed hypoautofluorescent spots in 6 eyes (18.8 %) and hyperautofluorescent spots in 5 eyes (15.6 %). Structurally, the maculopathy group showed a significantly lower outer nuclear layer thickness, lower VD and VSD in the SCP, DCP, and W&lt;em&gt;R&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001), a greater CCFD% in the 1-mm, 3 × 3-mm, and 6 × 6-mm circles, as well as in the inner and the outer rings (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05). Functionally, the maculopathy group showed a significantly decreased sensitivity on microperimetry (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.012), lower mean deviation (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.001) and higher pattern standard deviation (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.027) on 10–2 Humphrey visual field. Length of exposure and total cumulative dose were negatively associated with VA and VD, and positively correlated with CCFD% in the 6 × 6 mm. Structure-function correlations were observed between VA, mean ","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age outweighs race in survival of sebaceous gland carcinoma of the eyelid: A 21-year SEER database analysis","authors":"Said Yaseen ,&nbsp;Ahmad Sermed Al Sakini ,&nbsp;Sara Al-Banna ,&nbsp;Alaa H. Ewida ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hamad ,&nbsp;Mahmoud M. Abu Tafesh ,&nbsp;Leen Abu Rabi ,&nbsp;Hashem Abu Serhan","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Sebaceous gland carcinomas (SC) are rare neoplasms arising from the eyelids’ sebaceous glands. Investigating racial disparities in their occurrence, management, and outcomes is crucial for enhancing patient care.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective database analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, which collects cancer incidence and survival data from diverse geographic regions in the United States, representing approximately 48 % of the U.S. population, for patients diagnosed with SC between 2000 and 2021. Patients were stratified into four racial groups: White, Black, Asian/Pacific Islander, and American Indian/Alaska Native. Incidence rates, stage at diagnosis, treatment modalities, and survival outcomes were analyzed. A multivariate Cox regression model assessed the prognostic impact of age and radiation therapy on survival, adjusting for relevant confounders.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 969 patients diagnosed with eyelid SC, 615 were aged 70 years or older, accounting for approximately 63 percent, with a slight female predominance of 55.5 percent. White patients had survival rates of 49.5 % while patients from other racial groups had survival rates of 59.3 %. The Log-Rank test found no statistically significant survival differences by race (<em>P</em> = 0.075). Multivariate analysis identified advanced age (≥70 years) as a strong independent prognostic factor for decreased survival (hazard ratio = 4.50, CI: 2.67–7.59: <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Additionally, radiation therapy was significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality (hazard ratio = 1.59, 95 % CI: 1.10–2.29; <em>p</em> = 0.01), highlighting its prognostic significance in the management of SC. While race was not statistically significant, white race exhibited a higher risk (hazard ratio = 1.16, CI: 0.88–1.53; <em>p</em> = 0.28).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Survival outcomes did not significantly differ by race; however, age was identified as a critical prognostic factor. Larger sample sizes are needed to establish additional risk factors and assess potential disparities among underrepresented populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of pediatric and adult ocular diseases in the context of social determinants of health","authors":"Deniz Oncel ,&nbsp;Ria Ravi ,&nbsp;Xhulio Arolli ,&nbsp;Sandra Hoyek ,&nbsp;Celine Chaaya ,&nbsp;Audina M. Berrocal ,&nbsp;Nimesh A. Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Little is known about the impact of social determinants of health (SDoH) on pediatric eye health outcomes and the relative results in comparison to adults. SDoH encompass social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health outcomes, including access to healthcare, education, income, housing, and neighborhood safety. The objective of this study is to compare pediatric and adult ocular diseases and examine the prevalence of SDoH components among participants of the National Institutes of Health All of Us Research (AoU) Program.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>The NIH AoU Program, which is a U.S. based initiative, recruited diverse participants via partnerships with multiple organizations, prioritizing underrepresented groups. We included participants in the NIH AoU Research Program with data who answered the survey question pertaining to delayed care due to lack of transportation, food insecurity, income level, insurance status, and access to eye care within the last 12 months.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The main outcome was a diagnosis or prevalence of glaucoma, cataract, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), which were grouped into adult eye diseases, and Coats disease, amblyopia, strabismus, retinoblastoma, and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), which were grouped into pediatric eye diseases. The exposure was self-reported delays in care for medical appointments due to limitations in transportation, insurance status, income level and food insecurity. The prevalence of SoDH components were compared between pediatric and adult patients. Multivariable models were used for analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study population included 834,237 participants with 22,729 adult participants with ocular diseases and 6340 pediatric patients with ocular diseases. Pediatric ocular diseases had a mean age of 50.3 (±10.4), while adult diseases were 72.9 (±10.2) years (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). ROP diagnosis demonstrated the highest rate of lack of insurance, income levels, food insecurity, and lack of transportation access across all ocular diseases. Those with pediatric conditions showed significantly greater food insecurity, low-income levels, and lack of insurance status compared to adults (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001, respectively). For both pediatric and adult conditions, as disease severity increased, so did the lack of transportation (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Pediatric ocular diseases were associated with greater deficits in social determinants of health. In all groups, as disease severity increased, so did the difficulties in accessing care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}