AJO International最新文献

{"title":"Association between self-reported smoking behaviour and Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy: A cross-sectional analysis","authors":"Andrew Mihalache ,&nbsp;Ryan S. Huang ,&nbsp;Marko M. Popovic ,&nbsp;Clara C. Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2026.100234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2026.100234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To investigate whether smoking is associated with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><div>Individuals with FECD in the <em>All of Us</em> Research Program were matched 1:10 to controls using propensity scores based on age, sex, self-reported race/ethnicity, and annual household income.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Self-reported smoking behaviour was obtained from survey data. Primary outcomes assessed cigarette-related smoking behaviour among individuals with FECD compared to matched controls, and secondary outcomes evaluated the use of other tobacco and nicotine products. Conditional logistic and fixed-effects linear regression models were applied to examine binary and continuous outcomes, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The matched cohort included 13,409 participants (1,219 FECD cases and 12,190 controls). The odds of ever smoking ≥100 cigarettes did not differ between groups (OR=0.95, 95% CI=[0.85, 1.08], p=0.4). FECD cases reported a slightly shorter total duration of smoking (MD=-2.69, 95% CI=[-4.22, -1.15], p&lt;0.01), although mean daily cigarette consumption did not differ significantly between groups (MD=-0.20, 95% CI=[-1.67, 1.27], p=0.8). Current smoking was less frequent among FECD cases (OR=0.58, 95% CI=[0.41, 0.81], p&lt;0.01). No significant differences were observed for lifetime or current use of electronic nicotine products (p=0.4 and p=0.1), cigars or cigarillos (p=0.2 and p=0.4), hookah (p=1.0 and p=0.9), or smokeless tobacco (p=0.1 and p=0.9).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This cross-sectional analysis of a large, nationally diverse cohort did not find evidence of an association between smoking behaviour and FECD, supporting emerging evidence that challenges the strength of this purported relationship. Nonetheless, these findings should not detract from the well-established systemic harms of smoking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating patient-facing eye disease information: ChatGPT-5 vs. Pfizer health answers","authors":"Adriana Kaganovski ,&nbsp;Anisha Kasi ,&nbsp;Aliya Grinberg ,&nbsp;Michael Kozlov ,&nbsp;Riya Patel ,&nbsp;Minwoo Kwon ,&nbsp;Carolyn Lai ,&nbsp;Inci Dersu","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate and compare the quality, accuracy, understandability, and actionability of responses generated by a health-specific AI chatbot (Health Answers by Pfizer) and a general-purpose AI chatbot (ChatGPT/GPT-5) to ophthalmology-related patient queries.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We input the top five Google Trends search queries on three leading causes of blindness worldwide — glaucoma, cataract, and age-related macular degeneration — into both chatbots. We evaluated each chatbot response with the Flesch Reading Ease test, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool, and DISCERN tool to assess the quality, accuracy, understandability, and actionability of each response.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>ChatGPT-5 produced responses that were easier to read (Flesch Reading Ease of 48.1 vs 39.0, <em>p</em> = 0.02) and written at a lower grade level (Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level of 8.9 vs 12.2, <em>p</em> = 0.003). ChatGPT-5 also scored higher for understandability (PEMAT-P understandability scores of 83.8% vs 80.5%, <em>p</em> = 0.024) and information quality (DISCERN scores of 41.3 vs 36.4, <em>p</em> = 0.047). In contrast, Health Answers by Pfizer produced content that was significantly more actionable (PEMAT-P actionability scores of 41.3% vs 23.3%, <em>p</em> = 0.004).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights the utility of Health Answers by Pfizer in producing content of higher actionability, compared to ChatGPT-5, which produced content of greater understandability, quality, and readability. It is paramount for effective patient education in ophthalmology to improve AI chatbots to balance clarity with actionability, especially given the critical nature of silently progressing diseases like glaucoma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical and visual outcomes of pneumatic retinopexy in primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment","authors":"Hassan Moutei,&nbsp;Meriem Abdellaoui,&nbsp;Fouad Chraibi,&nbsp;Idriss Benatiya","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate pneumatic retinopexy (PnR) outcomes for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in a real-world North African cohort and identify factors associated with surgical failure.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective observational case series.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 112 eyes from 112 patients treated for primary RRD with PnR (January 2023–March 2025) were reviewed. Patient selection followed PIVOT trial criteria, including single retinal break or clustered breaks ≤1 clock hour, located within superior 8 clock hours (between 8 and 4 o'clock), with documented postoperative compliance. Preoperative demographics, ocular characteristics, and postoperative complications were systematically recorded. The primary anatomical outcome was defined as complete retinal reattachment without additional surgery at 6 months. Anatomical failure was defined as subretinal fluid persistence exceeding 4 weeks requiring secondary intervention. The primary visual outcome was best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 6 months and its change over time. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with anatomical and visual failure.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Single-operation anatomical success was 67 % (75/112 eyes); secondary procedures achieved 98 % final reattachment (110/112). Mean final BCVA was 0.12 logMAR, with 80 % of visual improvement occurring within the first postoperative month (0.62 logMAR gain; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Pseudophakia (OR=3.49, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), high myopia (OR=1.82, <em>p</em> = 0.02), and prolonged symptom duration (OR=1.12 per day, <em>p</em> = 0.002) were independent factors associated with anatomical failure. New or missed retinal breaks (OR=2.16, <em>p</em> = 0.03) and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) (OR=1.96, <em>p</em> = 0.02) were independent postoperative factors of failure. For visual outcomes, pseudophakia (OR=3.2, <em>p</em> = 0.001), high myopia (OR=2.49, <em>p</em> = 0.004), worse preoperative BCVA (OR = 2.23, <em>p</em> = 0.002), and prolonged symptom duration (OR=1.35 per day, <em>p</em> = 0.002) were independent factors associated with poor outcomes. Postoperative complications (missed breaks OR=2.8; PVR OR=1.8) also independently contributed to poor visual recovery.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>PnR achieves competitive anatomical and visual outcomes in real-world practice when rigorous patient selection and meticulous surgical technique are applied. Success depends equally on preoperative patient selection and surgical execution. Optimization through timely intervention, comprehensive preoperative examination, enhanced visualization, and rigorous surveillance may increase real-world success rates toward trial-level performance while maintaining procedural simplicity and cost-effectiveness in resource-limited settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145841443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A global scoping review of clinical practice guidelines for cataract surgery","authors":"Sheila K. West ,&nbsp;Ian J. Saldanha ,&nbsp;Fasika Woreta ,&nbsp;Christina Ambrosino ,&nbsp;Jay Maturi ,&nbsp;Fekadu Ayalew ,&nbsp;Jordan Kaplan ,&nbsp;Annabelle Pan ,&nbsp;Winnie Liu ,&nbsp;Anna Kim ,&nbsp;Emily Joseph ,&nbsp;Andreas S. Mueller ,&nbsp;Silvio P. Mariotti","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2026.100226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2026.100226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The World Health Organization (WHO) has specified a global target for “effective cataract surgery coverage” for monitoring progress towards tincreasing eye care quality across populations. The WHO is committed to providing evidence-based guidance for components of cataract surgerythat could lead to better outcomes. The first step is a scoping review of from existing guidelines, including the evidence base and gaps in the evidence for those guidelines.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>We developed a conceptual framework for the scoping review that compartmentalized stages of cataract surgery into pre-operative, operative, and postoperative phases and identified potential outcome indicators. A search strategy was developed.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In 2024, we used a multipronged approach to identify existing guidelines that support cataract surgery programs, reviewed known publicly available cataract surgery quality improvement programs, searched the Trip Medical Database, and reviewed materials sent to us directly from WHO. We noted the evidence-base of the guidelines.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 156 sources, 34 had guidelines. Seven guidelines were cited by multiple sources with good evidence; these include use of pre-operative povidone-iodine, a “time-out” checklist, intracameral antibiotics, and phacoemulsification. Some guidelines were inconsistent and require harmonization, such as the necessity for pre-operative medical visits and laboratory testing, and benchmarks for outcome assessment. Gaps in evidence were also found, such as details on what constitutes “accurate” biometry.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>While these results are a reasonable starting point for WHO to begin the development of guidance for effective cataract surgery, there is an urgent need to generate data that will fill identified gaps in evidence and to harmonize inconsistencies going forward.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of outcomes of 180-degree Tanito Microhook trabeculotomy versus 360-degree gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy combined with phacoemulsification in open-angle glaucoma","authors":"Devendra Maheshwari ,&nbsp;Madhavi Ramanatha Pillai ,&nbsp;Nimrita Gyanchand Nagdev ,&nbsp;Drishti Chautani ,&nbsp;Davinder S Grover ,&nbsp;Masaki Tanito ,&nbsp;Mohammed Sithiq Uduman ,&nbsp;Rengappa Ramakrishnan","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2026.100229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2026.100229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To compare the one-year surgical outcomes of Tanito microhook Trabeculotomy combined with phacoemulsification (Phaco-TMH) and 5–0 prolene gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy combined with phacoemulsification (Phaco-GATT) in mild-moderate Open-angle glaucoma</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Prospective, comparative, non-randomised, interventional study</div></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><div>Patients with mild-to-moderate POAG and visually significant cataract Methods:110 patients underwent Phaco-TMH (Group 1, <em>N</em> = 55) or Phaco-GATT (Group 2, <em>N</em> = 55). The primary outcome measures included changes in intraocular pressure (IOP), antiglaucoma medications (AGM), and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Success was defined as a combination of at least 20%, 25%, or 30% reduction in IOP and an absolute IOP of less than 21, 18, or 15 mm Hg, respectively (Criteria 1, 2, and 3). Additionally, interventions and complications were compared between the groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In Group 1, mean IOP reduced significantly from 26.55±5.22mmHg to 14.60±3.87 mmHg, and in Group 2 from 25.45± 5.65mmHg to 12.80±3.12 mmHg at 12 months (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), with a significant reduction in Group 2 than in Group 1 (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). The percentage reduction of IOP in Group 1 was 37.5% and in Group 2 was 47.7%. AGM significantly reduced from 1.53±0.66 to 0.22±0.57 and from 1.64±0.73 to 0.09±0.29 in Groups 1 and 2, respectively (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), with no significant difference between the groups (<em>p</em> = 0.1). The complete success rates by criteria 1, 2, and 3 in Group 1 were 74.6%, 69.1%, and 52.7%, respectively, and in Group 2 were 89.1%, 81.8%, and 65.4%, respectively. Higher baseline IOP(HR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.54–0.87, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) and higher age (HR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.86–1.00, <em>p</em> = 0.05) were associated with a lower likelihood of surgical failure. Hyphema was seen in one patient in Group 1, 7 patients in Group 2, and two patients in Group 2 required anterior chamber wash. IOP spikes were seen in one patient in Group 1 and three patients in Group 2Conclusion: Tanito microhook trabeculotomy is safe, efficacious, and comparable to GATT combined with phacoemulsification. Phaco-GATT achieved greater intraocular pressure reduction at 12 months, with comparable postoperative complication rates between groups</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence- and consensus-based practical recommendations for use of topical ciclosporin to treat ocular surface disease in Australian clinical practice","authors":"Ngozi C. Chidi-Egboka ,&nbsp;Chameen Samarawickrama ,&nbsp;Fiona Stapleton ,&nbsp;Laura E. Downie ,&nbsp;Tanya Trinh ,&nbsp;Maria Markoulli ,&nbsp;Elsie Chan ,&nbsp;Jern Yee Chen ,&nbsp;Jason Holland ,&nbsp;Stephanie L. Watson","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>There is a need to translate evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) into recommendations for prescribing topical ciclosporin A (CsA) in ocular surface disease (OSD), to inform clinicians and support improvements in Australian eyecare and research.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic review with meta-analysis, review of the Therapeutic Goods Administration approvals, Pharmaceutical Benefit Scheme (Australia) and evaluation of the quality of available evidence with expert-led consensus was used to develop practical recommendations for the use of topical CsA for OSD.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most RCTs of topical CsA for OSD were available for aqueous-deficient dry eye disease (DED). In the RCTs, prior to prescribing topical CsA, patients were assessed for symptoms (e.g., Ocular Surface Disease Index) and signs (e.g., tear secretion, corneal fluorescein staining). In Australia, topical CsA was available as Ikervis® (CsA 0.1 % cationic nanoemulsion), Cequa® (CsA 0.09 % nanomicellar solution), Restasis® (CsA 0.05 % oil-in-water emulsion) and compounded products (CsA 0.02 %, 0.05 %, 0.2 %, 0.5 %, 1.0 %). Recommendations for prescribing topical CsA included that it could be considered when DED symptoms and/or signs were not adequately controlled by preservative-free artificial tear monotherapy. Timeline for an improvement with CsA treatment was noted as within 4 to 12 weeks, to inform follow-up schedules. Potential ocular side effects associated with topical CsA included stinging and irritation on instillation. Evidence was limited for topical CsA use in individuals &lt;18 years and it was not recommended for patients planning a pregnancy, or who are pregnant or lactating.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Topical CsA may be used to treat OSD, with most evidence supporting its efficacy for aqueous-deficient DED. Treatment in adults, aside from pregnant or lactating patients or those planning pregnancy, was generally safe with no serious adverse events reported.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intravitreal injection history and cataract surgery complications: A multicenter retrospective cohort","authors":"Justus Zemberi ,&nbsp;Julian Peregoff ,&nbsp;Matthew Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate whether a recent history of intravitreal injection is associated with postoperative complications after cataract surgery in a large, real-world cohort.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective, propensity score–matched cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Adults undergoing cataract surgery with or without at least one intravitreal injection within 90 days before surgery were identified from the U.S. TriNetX research network. Cohorts were matched for demographic characteristics and ocular and systemic comorbidities. Postoperative complications at 14, 30, and 90 days were compared using risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After matching, 10,107 patients with recent intravitreal injection and 10,107 controls were included. A recent intravitreal injection history was associated with higher rates of postoperative macular edema at 14, 30, and 90 days (RR range 2.07–2.69) and vitreous hemorrhage at 90 days (RR 1.74). Absolute risk differences were modest. No significant associations were observed for infection, retinal detachment, anterior vitrectomy, lens dislocation, anterior uveitis, or secondary lens procedures.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In this large retrospective analysis, patients undergoing cataract surgery with a recent history of intravitreal injection had higher observed rates of postoperative macular edema and vitreous hemorrhage, while other major complications were not increased. These associations likely reflect the presence of underlying retinal disease rather than a direct effect of the injection procedure itself and should be interpreted as non-causal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145841444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on “Effectiveness of intracameral antibiotics in reducing postoperative endophthalmitis risk after cataract surgery: A meta-analysis”","authors":"Prashant Ramdas Kokiwar ,&nbsp;Amit Singh Pawaiya ,&nbsp;Ranjana Roy ,&nbsp;Reenoo Jauhari","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100219","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145841442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Indocyanine green enhanced TTT Vs TTT for treatment of thicker tumors in Retinoblastoma- a randomised control trial”","authors":"Ipsita Barman ,&nbsp;Rachna Meel ,&nbsp;Neelam Pushker ,&nbsp;Vinod Kumar ,&nbsp;Neiwete Lomi ,&nbsp;Anjolie Chhabra ,&nbsp;Mandeep S. Bajaj","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) is used as a focal treatment modality for smaller retinoblastoma tumors, however its efficacy in thicker tumors is limited. This study evaluated whether indocyanine green (ICG) augmentation of TTT (ICGeTTT) improves tumor regression compared to TTT alone for residual chemoreduced retinoblastomas &gt;2 mm in height.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this randomized controlled trial, simple randomisation table was used to allocate 28 chemoreduced tumors to treatment with either TTT (group 1) or ICGeTTT (group 2). Treatment was administered every 3–4 weeks until tumor height was &lt;2 mm or a maximum of four sessions were completed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The baseline tumor height was higher for the ICGeTTT group. Adjusted analysis for this baseline difference showed a statistically significant greater reduction in tumor height for group 2 (44 %) as compared to group 1 (21 %) (<em>p</em> = 0.018). The percentage of tumors achieving complete regression was higher in group 2 but this difference did not reach statistical significance. The cumulative energy used and side effects from treatment were similar between the groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Despite the limitations of the study including the small sample size and the baseline difference, the study still demonstrated a greater tumor height reduction with the use of ICGeTTT as compared to TTT in chemoreduced thick residual tumors and hence ICGeTTT may be preferred in such cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145841388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of anti-VEGF therapy on wide-field retinal and choroidal thickness in macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion","authors":"Risa Araki ,&nbsp;Yohei Tomita ,&nbsp;Tomonori Yuda ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Jiang ,&nbsp;Norimitsu Ban ,&nbsp;Hiromitsu Kunimi ,&nbsp;Atsuro Uchida ,&nbsp;Toshihide Kurihara ,&nbsp;Hajime Shinoda ,&nbsp;Kazuno Negishi","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective or Purpose</h3><div>To investigate the effect of anti-VEGF therapy on wide-field retinal and choroidal thickness in patients with macular edema secondary to RVO, and to identify how these effects vary based on clinical characteristics such as occlusion location and patient sex.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective observational study.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects, Participants, and/or Controls</h3><div>Thirty-eight patients (38 eyes) with RVO treated at Keio University Hospital (26 males, 12 females; mean age, 67.7 ± 8.5 years). Seventeen fellow eyes without injection served as internal controls.</div></div><div><h3>Methods, Intervention, or Testing</h3><div>We analyzed 38 eyes with RVO who received intravitreal injections of aflibercept (<em>n</em> = 31) or ranibizumab (<em>n</em> = 7). Wide-field optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed at baseline (within 7 days before the injection) and at the follow-up visit (30 ± 14 days after the injection). Changes in retinal and choroidal thickness were analyzed across nine predefined regions: a central 5-mm subfield (C0) and eight surrounding peripheral sectors: temporal (L1), superior-temporal (L2), superior (L3), superior-nasal (L4), nasal (L5), inferior-nasal (L6), inferior (L7), and inferior-temporal (L8). Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Bonferroni correction for nine regions.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Changes in regional retinal and choroidal thickness</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Post-injection, retinal thickness significantly decreased in all regions except L4 and L6 (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0056). Choroidal thickness showed a significant reduction in L2, L5, and L8 (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0056). Subgroup analyses revealed no significant changes in choroidal thickness in either the superior RVO group (n = 9) or the inferior RVO group (n = 17). A clear sex-based difference was also observed: male patients (<em>n</em> = 26) exhibited choroidal thinning in L4, L5, L6, and L8 (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0056), whereas female patients (<em>n</em> = 12) showed no significant changes in any region.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Anti-VEGF therapy reduced retinal and choroidal thickness in specific regions in eyes with RVO. No significant differences were observed between eyes with superior and inferior occlusions. In male patients, significant thinning was observed in multiple peripheral regions, whereas no significant changes were noted in female patients. These findings suggest that the choroidal response to anti-VEGF therapy is complex and warrants further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145747565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}