Blindness and vision impairment in Querétaro, Mexico: A comparison of RAAB surveys conducted in 2015 and 2024

Abstract

Purpose

: To estimate the prevalence and causes of vision impairment and blindness among individuals aged ≥50 years in Querétaro, Mexico, and to assess progress in eye health indicators since a prior survey conducted in 2015.

Design

: Population-based cross-sectional study using the Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) version 7 methodology.

Methods

: A total of 6574 individuals were selected via cluster sampling. Trained teams conducted visual acuity testing, lens examination, and ocular assessment using mobile data capture tools. Effective Cataract Surgical Coverage (eCSC) and Effective Refractive Error Coverage (eREC) were calculated. Results were compared with the 2015 RAAB study.

Results

: Of the eligible individuals, 5111 (77.8 %) completed the examination. The prevalence of blindness was 2.3 % (95 % CI: 1.7–3.0 %), and moderate-to-severe vision impairment was 11.4 % (95 % CI: 9.8–13.0 %). Cataract was the leading cause of blindness (49.2 %), while refractive error predominated among milder impairments. The eCSC at the <20/60 threshold was 26.6 % (95 % CI: 20.4–32.8 %), and eREC for distance vision was 37.6 % (95 % CI: 33.8–41.4 %). Compared to 2015, both prevalence of blindness and unmet need for cataract surgery increased. Barriers included cost, fear, and lack of awareness.

Conclusions

: Since 2015, the burden of avoidable blindness and vision impairment in Querétaro has grown. The findings underscore the need for expanded, higher-quality cataract and refractive services integrated into public health strategies to meet the WHO 2030 eye health targets.