AJO International最新文献

{"title":"School-based eye health interventions for improving eye care and spectacles compliance in children in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review","authors":"Gabriel Osei Anokye ,&nbsp;Carlos Price-Sanchez ,&nbsp;Ai Chee Yong ,&nbsp;Majd Ali ,&nbsp;Christopher Tate ,&nbsp;Ronnie Graham ,&nbsp;Ving Fai Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>School vision screening is a cost-effective approach to identifying eye conditions like uncorrected refractive errors among children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but challenges with spectacle compliance, procurement, and follow-up persist. This review examines school-based eye health interventions in LMICs to assess their impact on spectacle compliance, knowledge, attitudes, practices, and referral adherence, highlighting limitations and gaps in current literature.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A literature search was performed in three databases, focusing on studies published from 1999 onward. Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, the review included studies involving school children in LMICs that assessed school-based interventions aimed at improving spectacle compliance, knowledge, attitudes, practices and referral adherence. Studies conducted in universities or studies that did not perform primary data collection were excluded. Titles, abstract, full-text screening and data extraction was performed independently by two researchers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 108 articles identified, seven studies from five countries met inclusion criteria. Study designs included four randomised controlled trials, one cross-sectional study, one quasi-experimental study, and one qualitative prospective study. Interventions varied: five studies (71 %) included eye health education, three (43 %) focused on promotional activities, two (29 %) provided free spectacles, and one (14 %) used media campaigns and incentives. Eye health education and free spectacles were most effective in increasing spectacle compliance, while education and promotional interventions improved knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Only one study measured referral adherence.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Eye health education, promotion, media reminders, and free spectacles improves spectacle compliance, knowledge, attitudes, practices, and referral adherence. Further research should investigate the cost-effectiveness of these interventions in LMICs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociodemographic disparities in diabetic retinopathy: Analysis of the 2021 behavioral risk factor surveillance system","authors":"Dawsyn Smith ,&nbsp;S. Mackenzee Hester ,&nbsp;Ryan Emmert ,&nbsp;Juliana Bryant ,&nbsp;Micah Hartwell","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To investigate and update the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) by age, race/ethnicity, sex, socioeconomic status, education, and rurality in the United States. Additionally, we aimed to address a gap in research by investigating the rates of DR among the transgender population.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a phone-based survey conducted in the United States and surrounding territories by the Centers for Disease Control, and assessed the prevalence of DR by various sociodemographic factors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A sample of 21,905 individuals was drawn from survey data based on self-reported diabetes status. We used <em>X</em>² tests to evaluate the prevalence of DR across sociodemographic factors, and a multivariable logistic regression model with all variables was used to determine adjusted odds ratios as a measure for sociodemographic associations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From the 21,905 participants, the prevalence of DR was lower in females (17.34 %) than males (20.14 %), though highest in transgender participants (27.16 %; <em>P</em> = 0.017). White individuals had the lowest prevalence of DR (16.57 %)—with all other groups exceeding 22 % (P&lt;0.01). DR prevalence was inversely associated with income and educational attainment (P&lt;0.01). The adjusted regression model shoowed significantly higher likelihoods for males (AOR = 1.33; 95%CI: 1.16-1.52) compared to females and for all racial groups compared to White individuals, with Asian Americans showing the highest odds (AOR = 2.08; 95%CI: 1.16-3.71). It also revealed lower odds with increasing income--those earning &gt;$200,000 or more (AOR = 0.40; 95 % CI: 0.22 0.75)—and higher education, with college or technical school graduates (AOR = 0.74; 95 % CI: 0.58–0.95) compared to the lowest levels.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings showed higher DR prevalence among all ethnoracial groups, males and transgender individuals, and lower income and education status. These disparities highlight the need for targeted screening and prevention efforts, including removing barriers and improving access to care and community education programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociodemographic disparities in eye examinations: A nationally representative survey analysis","authors":"Ryan S. Huang ,&nbsp;Andrew Mihalache ,&nbsp;Marko M. Popovic ,&nbsp;Nikhil S. Patil ,&nbsp;Peter J. Kertes ,&nbsp;Rajeev H. Muni ,&nbsp;Radha P. Kohly","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To investigate associations between sociodemographic factors and eye examinations for adults in the United States.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were pooled from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey, a population-based nationwide survey of randomly sampled households. Data collection occurred from January 1st to December 31st, 2022. Participants aged ≥18 years from all 50 states and the District of Columbia for whom data were available on eye examinations were included. The main outcome was whether participants had an eye examination from a specialist within the past year of being interviewed. Logistic regression models were used for univariable and multivariable analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Across 27,246 adults, 14,812 (54.4 %) had an eye examination within the past year and 12,434 (45.6 %) did not. In our multivariable analysis, the following sociodemographic factors were associated with an increased odds of having undergone an eye examination within the past year: female sex (OR=1.48, 95 %CI=[1.39, 1.57, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01), Hispanic ethnicity (OR=1.22, 95 %CI=[1.09, 1.37], <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) or Asian race (OR=1.15, 95 %CI=[1.05, 1.33], <em>p</em> = 0.04). The following factors were associated with a reduced odds of having undergone an eye examination: being single compared to married (OR=0.87, 95 %CI=[0.81, 0.93], <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01), residing in the West compared to the Northeast (OR=0.86, 95 %CI=[0.77, 0.96], <em>p</em> = 0.01), and those who lacked citizenship status (OR=0.73, 95 %CI=[0.63, 0.84], <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01), or insurance (OR=0.58, 95 %CI=[0.51, 0.66], <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Several sociodemographic factors were associated with the likelihood of undergoing an eye examination within the past year. Public health efforts dedicated to addressing inequities in access to eye examinations are imperative.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence for Whom? A Systematic Review of Eligibility Criteria in RCTs of Anti-VEGF for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration","authors":"Andreas Arnold-Vangsted ,&nbsp;Emil Alexander Rosenørn ,&nbsp;Emilie Theresa Sørrig Butler ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Anguita ,&nbsp;Rita Serrano Anjos ,&nbsp;Lasse Jørgensen Cehofski ,&nbsp;Vibeke Christensen ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Ferro Desideri ,&nbsp;Jakob Grauslund ,&nbsp;Javad Nouri Hajari ,&nbsp;Musa Yasin Kaya ,&nbsp;Oliver Niels Klefter ,&nbsp;Celine Lee ,&nbsp;Line Petersen ,&nbsp;Miklos Schneider ,&nbsp;Yousif Subhi","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To summarize the eligibility criteria used in randomized controlled trials (RCT) of intravitreal anti-VEGF treatments for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Systematic review.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A search of 12 literature databases was conducted on 15 April 2024. RCTs of intravitreal anti-VEGF for the treatment of neovascular AMD in treatment-naïve eyes were identified. Data on the eligibility criteria for visual function, disease definition and stage, ocular comorbidities, systemic comorbidities, demographics, and other factors not included in other categories were extracted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 49 eligible studies were included in this review, which together included 26,995 eyes of 26,995 patients. We identified a range of eligibility criteria on areas of visual function (minimum 18–50 ETDRS letters; maximum 69–78 ETDRS letters), disease definition and stage (FA only vs. multimodal approach), ocular and systemic comorbidities (most frequent exclusion criteria across studies were any history of the following: intraocular surgery, diabetic retinopathy, panretinal photocoagulation, glaucoma, and myopia), demographics, as well as a miscellaneous category with other topics. Studies employed a set of criteria so stringent that it could be questioned to which extent patients included were generalizable to real-world patients with AMD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>RCTs of anti-VEGF treatments for neovascular AMD employ stringent eligibility criteria, which in consequence may reduce the generalizability of findings to real-world populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to “Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Eyelid” [Volume 1, Issue 3, October 2024, 100050]","authors":"Samantha D Butterfield ,&nbsp;David Zlotnick ,&nbsp;Rona Z Silkiss","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100119","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to “Socioeconomic status and risk of cardiovascular diseases in patients with retinal vein occlusion: a Danish nationwide cohort study” [Volume 1, Issue 3, October 2024, 100044]","authors":"Marie Ørskov ,&nbsp;Lasse Jørgensen Cehofski ,&nbsp;Torben Bjerregaard Larsen ,&nbsp;Toke Bek ,&nbsp;Flemming Skjøth ,&nbsp;Henrik Vorum","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100122","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to “Supranuclear vertical gaze palsy and eyelid retraction due to dorsal midbrain ischemia” [Volume 1, Issue 1, April 2024, 100011]","authors":"Ole Hensel ,&nbsp;Walter A. Wohlgemuth ,&nbsp;Malte Kornhuber","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100123","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to “Insights on Mesenchymal to Epithelial Transition (MET) for Fibrosis Reversal in Ocular Tissue” [Volume 1, Issue 1, April 2024, 100003]","authors":"Sarbani Hazra","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100120","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to “Needle goniotomy decreases early intraocular pressure spike compared with phacoemulsification alone” [Volume 1, Issue 1, April 2024, 100004]","authors":"Eva X DeVience ,&nbsp;Stephen J DeVience ,&nbsp;Guadalupe Villarreal ,&nbsp;Tracy Wright ,&nbsp;Christopher Shen ,&nbsp;Kenneth Olumba ,&nbsp;Benjamin Rubin","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100121","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of mobile health (mHealth) in the field of eye care: A scoping review of interventions used by individuals and health services to communicate","authors":"Priya Morjaria ,&nbsp;Jessica Massie ,&nbsp;Alex-Anne Harvey ,&nbsp;Covadonga Bascaran ,&nbsp;Iris Gordon ,&nbsp;Stuart Keel ,&nbsp;Andrew Bastawrous","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mobile health (mhealth) has the potential to become a powerful tool to support healthcare delivery in various ways, but there is a gap in the understanding on the impact of mHealth interventions used in eyecare. The aim of this scoping review is to collate, synthesise and describe the types of mHealth interventions in eye care. We searched MEDLINE, Embase and Global Health on 2 March 2021, July 13th 2023 and August 8th 2024 for any mHealth intervention that is available within an eyecare service and involves communication between patients and health professionals. Fifty-nine studies were included in the scoping review. The results highlight the extensive areas in eye health where mHealth is currently being applied, including a range of settings, modalities and intervention types. Predominantly, mHealth is used for multiple eye conditions and interventions aiming to increase adherence to treatments, improve appointment attendance, and raise awareness of eyecare. However, the specific modes of delivery and types of interventions (simple or complex) that are most effective remain unclear. This scoping review highlights there is significant interest and potential for mHealth interventions to improve communication between eye care professionals and patients across various settings and modalities. Despite the promising applications of mHealth to eye care, the effectiveness of these interventions can vary widely across different settings. To maximise the benefits of mHealth in eye care, future research should aim to address these gaps, especially within diverse socio-economic contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}