AJO International最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of IOL power formulas in eyes with a flat cornea <42 D","authors":"Silvia Ferrara ,&nbsp;Alfonso Savastano ,&nbsp;Emanuele Crincoli ,&nbsp;Raphael Kilian ,&nbsp;Maria Cristina Savastano ,&nbsp;Stanislao Rizzo","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To assess and compare accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation performed with old generation, new generation and artificial intelligence (AI)-based formulas in eyes with flat corneas.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Patients with a tomography-derived mean keratometry &lt;42 D were retrospectively recruited among those who underwent uncomplicated phacoemulsification with intracapsular IOL implantation in two different tertiary care centers. Mean prediction error (ME), mean absolute prediction error (MAE) and incidence of MAE&gt;0.25D were calculated for Barrett Universal II (BUII),EVO 2.0, Hoffer QST, Kane, Olsen-C, Pearl-DGS and SRK/T formulas. Linear correlation between MAE and axial length was also calculated for each formula.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Eighty (80) eyes with a mean keratometry of 41.4 ± 0.6 D (range 40.6–41.9 D) were recruited. The SRK/T significantly differed from both the Olsen-C (<em>p</em> = 0.022) and the BUII (<em>p</em> = 0.048) in ME. The EVO 2.0, the Hoffer QST, the Kane and the PEARL-DGS showed a significantly lower MAE compared to all other formulas (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and a significant lower incidence of MAE&gt;0.25D (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), MAE&gt;0.50 D (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and MAE&gt;1.0 D (0.002).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Formulas based on AI and on the theory of vergence show superior accuracy in IOL power calculation in corneas with low mean keratometry; their MAE is not correlated to axial length.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"1 2","pages":"Article 100026"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950253524000261/pdfft?md5=643788b2ada4ac26407a70d122216b5a&pid=1-s2.0-S2950253524000261-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140905519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From injury back to ice: Examining return to sport after retinal injuries in the national hockey league","authors":"Justin D. Pennington ,&nbsp;Viren K. Rana ,&nbsp;Brian T. Savoie ,&nbsp;Gary L. Legault ,&nbsp;David J. Ramsey","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To forecast the recovery time and likelihood of return to active play for National Hockey League (NHL) players who sustained retinal tears or detachments.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This retrospective study identified players who experienced a retinal injury while on an NHL roster between January 1, 2000 and January 1, 2022. The type of injury was identified from publicly available press releases and injury reports. Return to sport was defined as the number of days between injury and participation in a subsequent NHL game.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Over the 22-year study period, 95 eye injuries were reported in the NHL. Of these injuries, 16 players experienced 17 retinal injuries (18 %). Fifteen of those players were able to return to sport (94 %). Experiencing a retinal detachment was associated with more days out of play (median 151 days [interquartile range [IQR], 85 to 231.5 days]) compared with a retinal tear or similar injury (median 28 days [IQR, 13 to 31 days]; <em>P</em> = 0.003). Finally, an examination of the impact of a retinal injury on player performance in the season after the injury found that the average time on ice (ATOI) per game decreased for players who suffered an injury compared with a matched cohort (<em>P</em> = 0.010).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Retinal injuries often occur in high-impact sports. Our study reveals that retinal detachments resulted in longer disability compared with retinal tears or lesser injuries and were more likely to prevent a return-to-sport. This information aids ophthalmologists in counseling patients on surgical recovery timelines and the likelihood of resuming athletic activities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"1 2","pages":"Article 100025"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S295025352400025X/pdfft?md5=4158f5efefa01272c4afddda1902006e&pid=1-s2.0-S295025352400025X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141057976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of common decontamination techniques used in eye care facilities in Ghana","authors":"Samuel Kyei ,&nbsp;George Panyin Annan ,&nbsp;Kwame Kumi Asare ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Birikorang ,&nbsp;Akwasi Anyanful ,&nbsp;Randy Asiamah","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To evaluate the efficacy of common methods used in the decontamination of non-critical and semi-critical ophthalmic equipment in Ghana.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>This study was conducted in two phases. First, a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out, followed by a microbiological study</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Questionnaires were distributed online to eye care practitioners. The common decontamination procedures identified from the online questionnaires were used in decontaminating the surfaces of the ophthalmic instruments. Swabs were taken from the instruments both before and immediately after decontamination (within the first 30s), as well as at 10-minute intervals up to 40 minutes after decontamination. The swabs were cultured on nutrient agar for 24 hours at 37 °C, and the contamination levels were estimated.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The most commonly used disinfection technique in the selected eye clinics in Ghana was the use of Methylated spirit (34 %), and the least, Iso-alcohol swabs (1 %). All the decontamination methods were efficacious in the reduction of contamination levels on the surfaces of ophthalmic instruments. Hand sanitiser, Parazone (sodium hypochlorite), Autoclave, and UV showed highly effective decontamination activity compared to Methylated spirit, Hydrogen peroxide, and Isopropyl alcohol. There was a significant reduction in contamination for each of the time points (p &lt; 0.001), except for 40 minutes after decontamination (p = 0.063ns), when compared to the contamination level before decontamination.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In Ghana, commonly used decontamination methods are effective in reducing levels of contamination of ophthalmic instruments, with their recontamination rates comparable to the use of autoclaves and UV germicidal irradiation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"1 2","pages":"Article 100024"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950253524000248/pdfft?md5=c7b05601dd8d01e938f40b3425829918&pid=1-s2.0-S2950253524000248-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140894260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding Horizons: AJO goes International","authors":"Maria Vittoria Cicinelli","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"1 1","pages":"Article 100019"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950253524000194/pdfft?md5=956c29496ba92c6734a8987c27d4bbca&pid=1-s2.0-S2950253524000194-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140781259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral necrotizing scleritis following strabismus surgery in elderly female","authors":"Mohit Jethi,&nbsp;Sandra Everett,&nbsp;Caitlin Wuebbolt","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Surgically induced necrotizing scleritis (SINS) is a rapidly progressive scleral inflammation that occurs after various ocular surgeries and can lead to blindness if not appropriately treated. However, there have been only 10 other case reports of necrotizing scleritis after strabismus surgery. Here we present a case of bilateral necrotizing scleritis post strabismus surgery that was successfully treated with scleral gluing and high dose steroid therapy and later transitioned to long-term immunosuppression.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"1 2","pages":"Article 100020"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950253524000200/pdfft?md5=324f9da0fcd0981a04ef3f7b5442f32b&pid=1-s2.0-S2950253524000200-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140825931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitreous mobility during the posterior vitreous detachment initiation demonstrated by pseudo-motion optical coherence tomography","authors":"Yoko Ito ,&nbsp;Yuki Takatsudo ,&nbsp;Peter L. Gehlbach ,&nbsp;Keisuke Mori","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To document the anatomical changes occurring at the vitreoretinal interface during early posterior vitreous detachment (PVD).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Wide-angle and pseudo-motion optical coherence tomography (OCT) were obtained on 27 normal eyes during the early stages of age-related PVD. The wide-angle examination in a static phase consisted of montaged conventional OCT images. GIF-formatted pseudo-animation was generated with OCT images acquired initially in a static eye state, followed by scans immediately after ocular excursions.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Initial stages of PVD included peripheral PVD with (stage 1a) or without (stage 1b) interposed material between the posterior vitreous cortex and the retina, and perifoveal PVD expanding to the periphery (stage 2). All stage 1 PVDs presented anterior to the papillomacular vitreous liquefaction. All eyes demonstrated mobility of the vitreous gel at the anterior face of the vitreous liquefaction; however, the adherent cortical vitreous layer comprising the posterior wall of the lacuna showed no mobility. Mobility of the posterior vitreous cortex was not present in eyes with stage 1a PVD and increased with the progression of the stage of PVD (<em>p</em> = 3.60×10⁻⁶).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>During nonpathological PVD, macula is protected from tractional insults conveyed by mobile vitreous due to overlying vitreous liquefaction. However, the vitreoretinal interface anterior to the lacunae experiences tractional forces until vitreoretinal separation occurs. These observations reinforce the hypothesis that vitreous liquefaction, vitreous mobility, and vitreoschisis formation contribute to PVD initiation and support that premacular lacunae protect the macula during PVD initiation and early progression.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"1 2","pages":"Article 100021"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950253524000212/pdfft?md5=8cd23e5d8e2639844b99c1fda0f6bd0c&pid=1-s2.0-S2950253524000212-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140825930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical displacement of subretinal hemorrhage associated with acute myeloblastic Leukemia","authors":"Melis Kabaalioglu Guner,&nbsp;Kevin Ferenchak,&nbsp;Sophie J. Bakri","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To report displacement of thick submacular hemorrhage with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and subretinal tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in a patient with Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia (AML).</p></div><div><h3>Design and Methods</h3><p>Case report.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A 65-year-old man with a new diagnosis of AML developed significant intraretinal hemorrhages in both eyes; subretinal and sub-inner limiting membrane (ILM) hemorrhage in the left eye. He underwent 23-gauge PPV, subretinal tPA injection, and air-fluid exchange for subretinal hemorrhage. Foveal subretinal hemorrhage and visual acuity improved after surgery, but he had late post-operative vitreous hemorrhage.</p></div><div><h3>Observations</h3><p>A 65-year-old man with a new diagnosis of AML developed significant intraretinal hemorrhages in both eyes; subretinal and sub-inner limiting membrane (ILM) hemorrhage in the left eye. He underwent 23-gauge PPV, subretinal tPA injection, and air-fluid exchange for subretinal hemorrhage. Foveal subretinal hemorrhage and visual acuity improved after surgery, but he had late post-operative vitreous hemorrhage.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions and Importance</h3><p>This novel case report documents successful displacing subretinal hemorrhage associated with AML with PPV and subretinal tPA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"1 2","pages":"Article 100017"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950253524000170/pdfft?md5=7333898cc98382ae2dfbdf0817c54738&pid=1-s2.0-S2950253524000170-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140785189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The involvement of clinicians in the most highly cited publications on artificial intelligence in ophthalmology indexed journals","authors":"Anne X. Nguyen ,&nbsp;Maxine Joly-Chevrier ,&nbsp;Mélanie Hébert ,&nbsp;Gilbert Jabbour ,&nbsp;Aaron Y. Lee ,&nbsp;Renaud Duval ,&nbsp;Isabelle Hardy","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Significant advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have led to promising applications in ophthalmology. This study highlights the involvement of clinicians in the most cited ophthalmology publications on AI in ophthalmology journals indexed by Web of Science.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Articles examining AI in ophthalmology journals were processed from Web of Science. After selecting relevant articles, we performed bibliometric analyses at the article and author levels as of March 2024. The primary outcome measure was the number of citations per article. Secondary outcomes included article measures (publication year, subspecialties, article type, databases, imaging) and author attributes (gender, academic metrics, location).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The top 100 publications were cited between 58 and 734 times, with a median of 91 citations. Publication reprint addresses were mainly based in America (44) and in Europe (22). Common subspecialties were retina (60), glaucoma (44) and cornea (18). Most imaging modalities were fundus photography (47), optical coherence tomography (47) and visual fields (19). 76 studies were aimed at the development and evaluation of a diagnostic technology. Some private databases (44 %) and public databases (40 %) were specified. Among the 399 men and 163 women authors, 297 were physicians (52.9 %). Women and men had significantly different h-indexes (women: 23 [interquartile range (IQR): 13–46] vs. men: 38.5 [17–65]; <em>P</em> = 0.02) and number of published documents (women: 104 [32–277] vs. men: 188.5 [63.5–394]; <em>P</em> = 0.03).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The most influential articles in AI and ophthalmology by number of citations predominantly used AI for image recognition and improving diagnostic technology in retina followed by glaucoma. Physicians had a predominant role in these, highlighting the continued importance of clinician involvement in this research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"1 2","pages":"Article 100018"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950253524000182/pdfft?md5=adbcf1b893194eccddde1a788dc5a9b4&pid=1-s2.0-S2950253524000182-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140773810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generative artificial intelligence for increasing accessibility of patient information videos in ophthalmology","authors":"Nathalie S. Eriksen ,&nbsp;Moug Al-Bakri ,&nbsp;Kirstine B. Boysen ,&nbsp;Oliver N. Klefter ,&nbsp;Diana C. Schmidt ,&nbsp;Kirsten Reinwaldt ,&nbsp;Jakob Grauslund ,&nbsp;Lars M. Holm ,&nbsp;Yousif Subhi","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Patient information videos are excellent for conveying information on eye health. Language barriers lead to inaccessibility for ethnic minorities. So far, overcoming language barriers have been very expensive, but in this short communications paper, we share our experiences with an inexpensive generative artificial intelligence-based translation system for videos.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Explorative study.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We developed a patient information video on a very common and broadly relevant issue: how to use eye drops. The original video was made in Danish. We used HeyGen (HeyGen, Los Angeles, California, USA) to translate the video into three categories according to distance from Danish according to comparative linguistics: highly related (English and German), remotely related (French and Polish), and no recognizable relationship (Arabic and Turkish). Ophthalmologists with high proficiency in Danish and each of these languages evaluated and commented on the accuracy of the translations.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>All translations resulted in a recognizable clone of the original individual with synchronized lip movements and understandable language. We observed certain inaccuracies in the translation, however, these differed across languages without a specific pattern. Inconsistencies in formal/informal pronouns were observed across languages. But overall, the general information was conveyed across all languages.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Modern generative artificial intelligence-based translation tools can help tearing down language barriers and improve accessibility of patient information videos in ophthalmology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"1 1","pages":"Article 100016"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950253524000169/pdfft?md5=4d9c8d921f73290829c3207bc6e5fcc1&pid=1-s2.0-S2950253524000169-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140618199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glaucoma in women: What do we know so far - A systematic review","authors":"Maria Rizk,&nbsp;Alice Grise-Dulac,&nbsp;Damien Gatinel","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajoint.2024.100013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To review the existing literature regarding on the topic of sex differences in the glaucoma.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Systematic review of the available data on sex and gender differences in the glaucoma population.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A PubMed search was conducted using the words “glaucoma”, “gender”, “sex”, “female”, “women”, “hormone”, “estrogen”, “menopause”, “dry eye”, “socio-economic”, and “vascular”. Inclusion criteria were papers studying female risk factors for glaucoma. A total of 42 studies met the study criteria and were included in this study. 15 studies refer to female sex, and 14 studies refer to woman gender. 13 studies do not clearly differentiate between gender and sex and include information on both female sex and woman gender. We discuss 6 main topics: the effect of female reproductive factors from reproductive age until menopause on glaucoma, the effect of pregnancy on glaucoma, the particularities of acute angle closure glaucoma in women, dry eye disease in women and its impact on glaucoma, the vascular theory behind susceptibility to glaucoma, and finally socio-economic status and gender disparity in glaucoma. When the type of glaucoma is not specified, the section included data on all the types of glaucoma.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Glaucoma is more prevalent in post-menopausal women compared to pre-menopausal women, which suggests the protective effect of estrogen in women before menopause. Pregnancy can induce changes in intraocular pressure and glaucoma should be well monitored before during and after pregnancy. Special consideration should be given during pregnancy and lactation phase as many eyedrops used in glaucoma can reach the fetal circulation. Acute angle closure glaucoma is more prevalent in women due to proven differences in anterior chamber measurements in the female population. Dry eye disease is more prevalent in women and increases the sensitivity of the ocular surface to anti-glaucoma eye drops. Primary vascular dysregulation is more common in women than in men and leads to changes in vascular autoregulation that may decrease blood flow to the optic nerve, leading to glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Finally, the socioeconomic status of a country and the sex disparities within this country correlates with the burden of glaucoma.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Glaucoma in women has unique particularities encompassing various aspects. By deepening our understanding of these associations and the pathogenesis of glaucoma, we may potentially uncover novel preventative measures and therapeutic interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"1 1","pages":"Article 100013"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950253524000133/pdfft?md5=0c87afff44033fef5dd7756557c342cd&pid=1-s2.0-S2950253524000133-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140558426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}