AGU Advances最新文献_第9页

Investigating Ultra-Low Velocity Zones as Sources of PKP Scattering Beneath North America and the Western Pacific Ocean: Potential Links to Subducted Oceanic Crust 调查作为北美洲和西太平洋下方 PKP 散射源的超低速度区：与俯冲洋壳的潜在联系

IF 8.3

AGU Advances Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI: 10.1029/2024AV001265

Michael S. Thorne, Surya Pachhai, Mingming Li, Jamie Ward, Sebastian Rost

{"title":"Investigating Ultra-Low Velocity Zones as Sources of PKP Scattering Beneath North America and the Western Pacific Ocean: Potential Links to Subducted Oceanic Crust","authors":"Michael S. Thorne, Surya Pachhai, Mingming Li, Jamie Ward, Sebastian Rost","doi":"10.1029/2024AV001265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024AV001265","url":null,"abstract":"Seismic energy arriving before the compressional (P) wave passing through the core (PKP), called PKP precursors, have been detected for decades, but the origin of those arrivals is ambiguous. The largest amplitude arrivals are linked to scattering at small-scale lowermost mantle structure, but because these arrivals traverse both source and receiver sides of the mantle, it is unknown which side of the path the energy is scattered from. To address this ambiguity, we apply a new seismic array method to analyze PKP waveforms from 58 earthquakes recorded in North America that allows localization of the origin of the PKP precursors at the core-mantle boundary (CMB). We compare these measurements with high frequency 2.5-D synthetic predictions showing that the PKP precursors are most likely associated with ultra-low velocity zone structures beneath the western Pacific and North America. The most feasible scenario to generate ULVZs in both locations is through melting of mid-ocean ridge basalt in subducted oceanic crust.","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024AV001265","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141967822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Measuring Clear-Air Vertical Motions From Space 从太空测量晴空垂直运动

IF 8.3

AGU Advances Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1029/2024AV001267

Basile Poujol, Sandrine Bony

{"title":"Measuring Clear-Air Vertical Motions From Space","authors":"Basile Poujol, Sandrine Bony","doi":"10.1029/2024AV001267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024AV001267","url":null,"abstract":"Measuring vertical velocity in the atmosphere has long been a challenge due to its small magnitude. Taking advantage of the modulation of free tropospheric relative humidity by vertical motions, we derive analytical relationships that allow us to retrieve vertical motions in clear air from geostationary measurements of brightness temperature in the infrared absorption band of water vapor. The new observations have a resolution of 1 hr and 2 km in time and space, respectively. They capture the variability of mesoscale and large-scale vertical velocity measured during field campaigns. In the mid-troposphere, clear-sky vertical motions are mostly subsiding but highly heterogeneous in space and time. Around organized deep convective systems, strong subsidence (>500 hPa·day−1) is observed within a distance of a few hundred kilometers. In contrast, transient upward motions of up to 100 hPa·day−1 can occur at the mesoscale. Vertical motions in the clear-sky atmosphere appear to be primarily associated with buoyancy and gravity waves at the mesoscale, and with radiative cooling and equatorial waves at larger spatial scales. This new retrieval reveals a rich range of dynamical features that were previously invisible, thus shedding new light on tropical meteorology.","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024AV001267","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141966704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sea Spray Aerosol Over the Remote Oceans Has Low Organic Content 远洋上空的海雾气溶胶有机物含量低

IF 8.3

AGU Advances Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1029/2024AV001215

Michael J. Lawler, Gregory P. Schill, Charles A. Brock, Karl D. Froyd, Christina Williamson, Agnieszka Kupc, Daniel M. Murphy

{"title":"Sea Spray Aerosol Over the Remote Oceans Has Low Organic Content","authors":"Michael J. Lawler, Gregory P. Schill, Charles A. Brock, Karl D. Froyd, Christina Williamson, Agnieszka Kupc, Daniel M. Murphy","doi":"10.1029/2024AV001215","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024AV001215","url":null,"abstract":"Biogenic organic compounds in the surface ocean may significantly alter the cloud-forming ability of sea spray aerosol and thereby affect the amount of solar radiation reaching the ocean surface. Estimates of the organic mass fraction of sea spray vary widely, and some results show a significant dependence on biological activity in the source seawater. We present airborne observations of the organic mass fraction of individual sea spray particles measured using the Particle Analysis by Laser Mass Spectrometry (PALMS) instrument during the Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) mission, which sampled a wide range of latitudes and altitudes over the remote Atlantic and Pacific Oceans across four seasons, from the marine boundary layer to the upper troposphere. The measured sea spray particles of about 0.15–0.7 μm dry diameter showed higher average organic mass fractions at smaller sizes, but values were low overall, with regional integrated submicron means almost always <10%. Atmospheric aging adds organics to sea spray particles, leading to higher mean organic mass fractions (sometimes exceeding 50%) in the free troposphere than in the marine boundary layer. The average submicron sea spray organic mass fractions are on the low end of previously reported values and show weak seasonal variability for most regions. These results imply that recent biological activity in the surface ocean has only weak control over how much organic matter is in nascent submicron sea spray particles over the remote oceans, in contrast to findings from some observational studies and global numerical simulations.","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024AV001215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141802407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multiphase Buffering by Ammonia Sustains Sulfate Production in Atmospheric Aerosols 氨的多相缓冲作用可维持大气气溶胶中硫酸盐的生成

IF 8.3

AGU Advances Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1029/2024AV001238

Guangjie Zheng, Hang Su, Meinrat O. Andreae, Ulrich Pöschl, Yafang Cheng

引用次数: 0

Carbon-Water Tradeoffs in Old-Growth and Young Forests of the Pacific Northwest 西北太平洋老林和幼林的碳水权衡

IF 8.3

AGU Advances Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1029/2024AV001188

Michael D. Farinacci, Julia Jones, Lucas C. R. Silva

{"title":"Carbon-Water Tradeoffs in Old-Growth and Young Forests of the Pacific Northwest","authors":"Michael D. Farinacci, Julia Jones, Lucas C. R. Silva","doi":"10.1029/2024AV001188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024AV001188","url":null,"abstract":"Despite much interest in relationships among carbon and water in forests, few studies assess how carbon accumulation scales with water use in forested watersheds with varied histories. This study quantified tree growth, water use efficiency, and carbon-water tradeoffs of young versus mature/old-growth forest in three small (13–22 ha) watersheds in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon, USA. To quantify and scale carbon-water tradeoffs from trees to watersheds, tree-ring records and greenness and wetness indices from remote sensing were combined with long-term vegetation, climate, and streamflow data from young forest watersheds (trees ∼45 years of age) and from a mature/old-growth forest watershed (trees 150–500 years of age). Biomass production was closely related to water use; water use efficiency (basal area increment per unit of evapotranspiration) was lower; and carbon-water tradeoffs were steeper in young forest plantations compared with old-growth forest for which the tree growth record begins in the 1850s. Greenness and wetness indices from Landsat imagery were not significant predictors of streamflow or tree growth over the period 1984 to 2017, and soil C and N did not differ significantly among watersheds. Multiple lines of evidence show that mature and old-growth forest watersheds store and accumulate more carbon, are more drought resistant, and better sustain water availability compared to young forests. These results provide a basis for reconstructions and predictions that are potentially broadly applicable, because first-order watersheds occupy 80%–90% of large river basins and study watersheds are representative of forest history in the Pacific Northwest region.","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024AV001188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141730213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Challenges Facing Scientific Publishing in the Field of Earth & Space Sciences 地球与空间科学领域科学出版面临的挑战

IF 8.3

AGU Advances Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1029/2024AV001334

AGU Editorial Network

{"title":"Challenges Facing Scientific Publishing in the Field of Earth & Space Sciences","authors":"AGU Editorial Network","doi":"10.1029/2024AV001334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024AV001334","url":null,"abstract":"The scientific publishing landscape is evolving rapidly. This evolution is driven by a confluence of internal and external forces, including the growth of metrics-based evaluation of scientists; an increasing volume of manuscripts combined with expectations for rapid review and publication; an increasing number of journals, including for-profit Open Access publications; and the adoption of preprint servers across a growing range of disciplines. Many of these forces are contributing to personal anxiety and fatigue for authors, reviewers, and editors. Collectively, they are placing substantial stress on scientific publishing, which is a foundational pillar of the scientific enterprise. As editors of American Geophysical Union journals and books, we remain confident in the fundamental foundations of scientific publishing, but we are concerned about the impact of these increasing stressors. By affirming and investing in editorial values, respecting scientific integrity and credibility, and committing to accessibility, transparency, and accountability, we can fortify the foundations of the scientific enterprise during a time of rapid change.","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024AV001334","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141639520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Permafrost Formation in a Meandering River Floodplain 蜿蜒河流洪泛区的冻土形成

IF 8.3

AGU Advances Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1029/2024AV001175

Madison M. Douglas, Gen K. Li, A. Joshua West, Yutian Ke, Joel C. Rowland, Nathan Brown, Jon Schwenk, Preston C. Kemeny, Anastasia Piliouras, Woodward W. Fischer, Michael P. Lamb

{"title":"Permafrost Formation in a Meandering River Floodplain","authors":"Madison M. Douglas, Gen K. Li, A. Joshua West, Yutian Ke, Joel C. Rowland, Nathan Brown, Jon Schwenk, Preston C. Kemeny, Anastasia Piliouras, Woodward W. Fischer, Michael P. Lamb","doi":"10.1029/2024AV001175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024AV001175","url":null,"abstract":"Permafrost influences 25% of land in the Northern Hemisphere, where it stabilizes the ground beneath communities and infrastructure and sequesters carbon. However, the coevolution of permafrost, river dynamics, and vegetation in Arctic environments remains poorly understood. As rivers meander, they erode the floodplain at cutbanks and build new land through bar deposition, creating sequences of landforms with distinct formation ages. Here we mapped these sequences along the Koyukuk River floodplain, Alaska, analyzing permafrost occurrence, and landform and vegetation types. We used radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating to develop a floodplain age map. Deposit ages ranged from modern to 10 ka, with more younger deposits near the modern channel. Permafrost rapidly reached 50% areal extent in all deposits older than 200 years then gradually increased up to ∼85% extent for deposits greater than 4 Kyr old. Permafrost extent correlated with increases in black spruce and wetland abundance, as well as increases in permafrost extent within wetland, and shrub and scrub vegetation classes. We developed an inverse model to constrain permafrost formation rate as a function of air temperature. Permafrost extent initially increased by ∼25% per century, in pace with vegetation succession, before decelerating to <10% per millennia as insulating overbank mud and moss slowly accumulated. Modern permafrost extent on the Koyukuk floodplain therefore reflects a dynamic balance between widespread, time-varying permafrost formation and rapid, localized degradation due to cutbank erosion that might trigger a rapid loss of permafrost with climatic warming.","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024AV001175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characteristics of the Fault Damage Zone From High-Resolution Seismic Imaging Along the Palos Verdes Fault, California 加利福尼亚州帕洛斯维第斯断层沿线高分辨率地震成像显示的断层破坏带特征

IF 8.3

AGU Advances Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1029/2023AV001155

Travis Alongi, Emily E. Brodsky, Jared Kluesner, Daniel Brothers

{"title":"Characteristics of the Fault Damage Zone From High-Resolution Seismic Imaging Along the Palos Verdes Fault, California","authors":"Travis Alongi, Emily E. Brodsky, Jared Kluesner, Daniel Brothers","doi":"10.1029/2023AV001155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023AV001155","url":null,"abstract":"The distribution and intensity of fault damage zones provides insight into fault activity and its relationship to fluid flow in the crust. Presently, measures of the in-situ distribution of fault damage remain limited and along-strike studies are rare. This study focuses on an offshore section Palos Verdes Fault damage zone that spans 28 km, near Los Angeles, California. To investigate the previously unresolved shallow (∼400 m below the seafloor) fault damage zone we use densely spaced (∼500 m line separation) newly collected sparker multichannel seismic lines and sub-bottom profiles. The combination of high-resolution acquisition methods and specialized seismic processing workflows provide improved imaging of shallow faulting. We apply a multi-trace similarity technique to identify discontinuities in the seismic data that may be attributed to faults and fractures. This fault detection approach reveals diverse fault damage patterns on adjacent seismic profiles. However, a discernible damage zone pattern emerges by stacking multiple damage detection profiles along strike. We find that peak damage identified in this way corresponds to the active main fault strand, confirmed in this study, and thus the technique may be useful for identifying active fault strands elsewhere. Additionally, we observe that the variable width of the damage zone along strike is controlled by fault obliquity. Furthermore, our observations reveal a correlation between fault damage and seafloor fluid seeps visible in the water column, suggesting that damage plays a role in controlling fluid flow around the fault.","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023AV001155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evolving Subduction Zone Thermal Structure Drives Extensive Forearc Mantle Wedge Hydration 不断演化的俯冲带热力结构推动了广泛的弧前地幔楔水合作用

IF 8.3

AGU Advances Pub Date : 2024-06-29 DOI: 10.1029/2023AV001121

G. S. Epstein, C. B. Condit, R. K. Stoner, A. F. Holt, V. E. Guevara

{"title":"Evolving Subduction Zone Thermal Structure Drives Extensive Forearc Mantle Wedge Hydration","authors":"G. S. Epstein, C. B. Condit, R. K. Stoner, A. F. Holt, V. E. Guevara","doi":"10.1029/2023AV001121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023AV001121","url":null,"abstract":"Hydration of the subduction zone forearc mantle wedge influences the downdip distribution of seismicity, the availability of fluids for arc magmatism, and Earth's long term water cycle. Reconstructions of present-day subduction zone thermal structures using time-invariant geodynamic models indicate relatively minor hydration, in contrast to many geophysical and geologic observations. We pair a dynamic, time-evolving thermal model of subduction with phase equilibria modeling to investigate how variations in slab and forearc temperatures from subduction infancy through to maturity contribute to mantle wedge hydration. We find that thermal state during the intermediate period of subduction, as the slab freely descends through the upper mantle, promotes extensive forearc wedge hydration. In contrast, during early subduction the forearc is too hot to stabilize hydrous minerals in the mantle wedge, while during mature subduction, slab dehydration dominantly occurs beyond forearc depths. In our models, maximum wedge hydration during the intermediate phase is 60%–70% and falls to 20%–40% as quasi-steady state conditions are approached during maturity. Comparison to global forearc H2O capacities reveals that consideration of thermal evolution leads to an order of magnitude increase in estimates for current extents of wedge hydration and provides better agreement with geophysical observations. This suggests that hydration of the forearc mantle wedge represents a potential vast reservoir of H2O, on the order of 3.4–5.9 × 1021 g globally. These results provide novel insights into the subduction zone water cycle, new constraints on the mantle wedge as a fluid reservoir and are useful to better understand geologic processes at plate margins.","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023AV001121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141489024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

When a Plateau Suppresses a Plume: Disappearance of the Samoan Plume Under the Ontong Java Plateau 当高原抑制烟羽时：翁通爪哇海台下萨摩亚烟羽的消失

IF 8.3

AGU Advances Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1029/2023AV001079

M. G. Jackson, V. A. Finlayson, Bernhard Steinberger, Kevin Konrad

{"title":"When a Plateau Suppresses a Plume: Disappearance of the Samoan Plume Under the Ontong Java Plateau","authors":"M. G. Jackson, V. A. Finlayson, Bernhard Steinberger, Kevin Konrad","doi":"10.1029/2023AV001079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023AV001079","url":null,"abstract":"The Samoan hotspot generated an age-progressive volcanic track that can be traced back to 24 Ma at Alexa Bank, but the trace of the older portion (>24 Ma) of the hotspot track is unclear. We show that six seamounts located in and around the Magellan Seamount chain—north of the Ontong-Java Plateau (OJP)—have ages (87–106 Ma), geochemistry, and locations consistent with absolute plate motion model reconstructions of the Samoan hotspot track in the late Cretaceous, and three additional seamounts have geochemistry and locations consistent with a Samoan origin. However, a large segment of the Samoan hotspot (24–87 Ma) remains unidentified. Absolute plate motion models show that, from ∼60 to 30 Ma, the OJP passed over the Samoan plume. The exceptional thickness of the OJP lithosphere may have largely suppressed Samoan plume melting because the inferred volcanic trace of the Samoan hotspot wanes, and then disappears, on the OJP. Fortunately, 44 Ma volcanism at Malaita Island, located on the southern margin of the OJP, has a location, age, and geochemistry consistent with a Samoan plume origin, and provides a “missing link” bridging the younger and older segments of the Samoan hotspot. Our synthesis of geochemical, geochronological, and plate motion model evidence reveals that Samoa exhibits a clear hotspot age progression for over 100 Myr. Passage of ancient plateaus over young plumes—here called “plume-plateau” interaction—may be relatively common: the OJP also passed over the putative Rarotonga hotspot, and the Society and Pitcairn hotspots were overtopped by the Manihiki Plateau.","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023AV001079","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141488841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0