AGU Advances最新文献

{"title":"Interplay of Gravity Waves and Disturbance Electric Fields to the Abnormal Ionospheric Variations During the 11 May 2024 Superstorm","authors":"Fuqing Huang,&nbsp;Jiuhou Lei,&nbsp;Xinan Yue,&nbsp;Zhongli Li,&nbsp;Ning Zhang,&nbsp;Yihui Cai,&nbsp;Shun-Rong Zhang,&nbsp;Yihan Wang,&nbsp;Jiahao Zhong,&nbsp;Xiaoli Luan","doi":"10.1029/2024AV001379","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024AV001379","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The strongest geomagnetic storm in the preceding two decades occurred in May 2024. Over these years, ground-based observational capabilities have been significantly enhanced to monitor the ionospheric weather. Notably, the newly established Sanya incoherent scatter radar (SYISR) (Yue, Wan, Ning, &amp; Jin, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-022-01684-1), one of the critical infrastructures of the Chinese “Meridian Project,” provides multiple parameter measurements in the upper atmosphere at low latitudes over Asian longitudies. Unique ionospheric changes on superstorm day 11 May were first recorded by the SYISR experiments and the geostationary satellite (GEO) total electron content (TEC) network over the Asian sector. The electron density or TEC displayed wavelike structures rather than a regular diurnal pattern. Surprisingly, two humps, a common feature in the daytime equatorial ionization anomaly structure, disappeared. The SYISR observations revealed that multiple wind surges accompanied the downward phase propagation caused by atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs) originating from auroral zones. Meanwhile, strong upward and large downward drifts were respectively observed in the daytime and around sunset. The Thermosphere-Ionosphere Electrodynamics Global Circulation Model (TIEGCM) simulations demonstrated that abnormal ionospheric changes were attributed to meridional wind disturbances associated with AGWs and recurrent penetration electric fields corresponding to larger <i>B</i>_<i>z</i> southward excursions and disturbance dynamo. The complicated interplay between AGWs and disturbance electric fields contributed to this unique ionospheric variation.</p>","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024AV001379","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of Equatorial Plasma Bubble Formation Using Ionosonde Observations From India","authors":"A. K. Patra,&nbsp;S. K. Das","doi":"10.1029/2024AV001323","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024AV001323","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Prediction of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) is a need of the hour for many modern navigation/communication applications. In this paper, we demonstrate an ionosonde based technique for the prediction of EPB formation overhead and its robustness using a large ionosonde data set, covering diverse solar flux and geomagnetic conditions, from three low-latitude Indian stations, namely, Trivandrum, Sriharikota and Gadanki. The technique relies on localized upwelling at the bottomside <i>F</i> layer, characterized by the second time derivative of the base height of the <i>F</i> layer observed by ionosonde, as the prime criterion deciding whether EPB will be formed overhead or not. Results show that prediction for the formation of EPB over an ionosonde station can be made with an accuracy of 99.86%. The accuracy of prediction of EPB formation over a station using data from a nearby station separated by 3.2° in longitude, however, is found to be only 83.87%, underlining the crucial role of longitudinally localized background ionospheric conditions at the bottom of the <i>F</i> region. We discuss the prospective of the present technique and propose a cost effective approach for developing an effective EPB prediction strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024AV001323","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143389423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subduction Zone Obliquity Dictates Global Trench-Parallel Inner Forearc Deformation","authors":"Kristin D. Morell,&nbsp;Kellan Gilroy,&nbsp;Theron Finley,&nbsp;Nicolas Harrichhausen","doi":"10.1029/2024AV001468","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024AV001468","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although subduction zones are characterized by convergence, the upper plates of subduction zones exhibit a diverse range of deformation styles that are often inconsistent with regional convergence. While several theories have been proposed to explain these variations, the underlying factors driving these differences are still not fully understood. In this study, we analyze <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>∼</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${sim} $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>24,000 km of active global subduction zones around the globe to determine how subduction zone obliquity affects deformation in the trench-parallel and horizontal directions on land above subduction zones. We take advantage of recently published worldwide data sets of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) velocities and global active fault catalogs in order to examine deformation at 13 of the world's forearcs. We analyze deformation over both short (decadal) timescales, captured by GNSS, and long (millennial to million-year) timescales, observed through trench-parallel active forearc faults. The results reveal a strong link between subduction obliquity and both the sense and amount of forearc rotation detected by GNSS, as well as the sense and rate of deformation along trench-parallel strike-slip faults. Unlike previous studies indicating that subduction obliquity affects forearc deformation only beyond a certain threshold, we demonstrate that even low to moderate obliquity significantly influences the observed deformation.</p>","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024AV001468","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143389422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canopy Temperature Reveals Disparities in Urban Tree Benefits","authors":"Jean V. Wilkening,&nbsp;Xue Feng","doi":"10.1029/2024AV001438","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024AV001438","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Urban trees are increasingly used by cities for cooling and climate adaptation. However, efforts to increase tree cover across cities have neglected to account for the trees' health and function, which are known to control their associated environmental benefits but have been difficult to assess at scales relevant for management. Here, we use remotely sensed, high resolution canopy temperature as a proxy for tree health and function and evaluate its relation to the built environment across Minneapolis-St. Paul (MSP) using machine learning analyses. We develop a new index that incorporates information on urban trees' health and function, in addition to their presence. This index, when applied across MSP, suggests that canopy benefits may not be distributed equally even in neighborhoods with similar canopy cover. Furthermore, accounting for tree health and function can yield more effective and equitable benefits by guiding the location and magnitude of intervention for urban tree management.</p>","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024AV001438","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Satellite-Aided Disaster Response","authors":"Julie Rolla,&nbsp;Aditya Khuller,&nbsp;Karen An,&nbsp;Robert Emberson,&nbsp;Eric Fielding,&nbsp;Lori Schultz,&nbsp;Kimberley Miner","doi":"10.1029/2024AV001395","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024AV001395","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The increasing frequency and severity of natural disasters, driven by climate change and anthropogenic activities, pose unprecedented challenges to emergency response agencies worldwide. Satellite remote sensing has become a critical tool for providing timely and accurate data to aid in disaster preparedness, response, and recovery. This Commentary explores the role of satellite remote sensing in managing climate-driven disasters, highlighting the use of technologies such as Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) for creating damage proxy maps. These maps are instrumental in assessing disaster impacts and guiding response efforts, as demonstrated by the 2023 Wildfires in Hawaii. Despite the promise of these tools, challenges remain, including the need for rapid data processing, automation in data pipelines, and robust international collaborations. The future missions composing the Earth System Observatory, including the upcoming NASA-ISRO SAR mission, represents a significant advancement with its global coverage and frequent, detailed measurements. This study emphasizes the importance of continued investment in advanced satellite technologies and international cooperation to enhance disaster response capabilities, ultimately building a more resilient global community.</p>","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024AV001395","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stronger Evidence of a Subsurface Ocean Within Callisto From a Multifrequency Investigation of Its Induced Magnetic Field","authors":"Corey J. Cochrane,&nbsp;Steven D. Vance,&nbsp;Julie C. Castillo-Rogez,&nbsp;Marshall J. Styczinski,&nbsp;Lucas Liuzzo","doi":"10.1029/2024AV001237","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024AV001237","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The magnetometer investigation of the Galileo mission used the phenomenon of magnetic induction to produce the most compelling evidence that subsurface oceans exist within our solar system. Although there is high certainty that the induced field measured at Europa is attributed to a global-scale subsurface ocean, there is still uncertainty around the possibility that the induced field measured at Callisto is evidence of an ocean. This uncertainty is due to the presence of a conductive ionosphere, which will also produce an induction signal in response to Jupiter's strong time-varying magnetic field. Therefore, it is not yet known whether the observed induced field is attributable to the ionosphere, an ocean, or a combination of both. In this work, we use previously published simulations of Callisto's plasma interaction in combination with both an inverse and an ensemble forward modeling method to highlight the plausible range of interior properties of Callisto. We further constrain the ocean thickness and conductivity, ice shell thickness, and ionospheric conductivity that are required to explain the Galileo magnetometer observations. This is the first study to jointly consider all flybys to constrain the driving field and three flybys (C03, C09, and C10) to assess the induction response. Our results suggest that Callisto's response more likely arises from the combination of a thick conductive ocean and an ionosphere rather than from an ionosphere alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024AV001237","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143121028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Net Radiative Effect of the Ill-Defined Clear-Sky in the Vicinity of Clouds","authors":"Eshkol Eytan,&nbsp;Jake J. Gristey,&nbsp;Graham Feingold","doi":"10.1029/2024AV001407","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024AV001407","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Clouds play a crucial role in Earth's energy budget resulting in significant deviations from clear-sky fluxes. This important role, combined with their complexity, makes them a major source of uncertainty in climate projections. Over the past two decades, the radiative signatures of clouds in their surroundings have been extensively studied, highlighting the challenges of defining clouds and distinguishing them from the aerosol embedded in clear-sky. Accurately defining clouds and aerosol is essential for quantifying their radiative effects and for remote sensing of the surface and atmosphere under clear-sky conditions. In this study, we combine two of the most mature and sophisticated space-borne instruments: the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer with its high-resolution multispectral images and the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System broadband top-of-the-atmosphere radiative flux data. This0 allows us to quantify the net RE of clouds within the clear-sky around them for the first time. Our findings show that the local RE of clouds over the ocean around noon ranges from −7 to −10 W &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${mathrm{m}}^{-2}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; in the solar band and 1–1.5 W &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${mathrm{m}}^{-2}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; in the longwave infrared. These results suggest that clouds drive a significant portion of the aerosol direct RE. Additionally, the near-cloud longwave infrared effect is equivalent to an effect of &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;∼&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${sim} $&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;90 ppm of &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mtext&gt;CO&lt;/mtext&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${text{CO}}_{2}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;. We propose to categorize the sky into three regimes—cloudy, cloud-influenced-clear-sky, and far-field clear-sky and suggest a path to move beyond a discrete definition of the sky. This will improve our understanding of the role of clouds ","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024AV001407","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pliocene Warmth and Patterns of Climate Change Inferred From Paleoclimate Data Assimilation","authors":"Jessica E. Tierney,&nbsp;Jonathan King,&nbsp;Matthew B. Osman,&nbsp;Jordan T. Abell,&nbsp;Natalie J. Burls,&nbsp;Ehsan Erfani,&nbsp;Vincent T. Cooper,&nbsp;Ran Feng","doi":"10.1029/2024AV001356","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024AV001356","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;As the last time period when &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mtext&gt;CO&lt;/mtext&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${text{CO}}_{2}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; concentrations were near 400 ppm, the Pliocene Epoch (5.33–2.58 Ma) is a useful paleoclimate target for understanding future climate change. Existing estimates of global warming and climate sensitivity during the Pliocene rely mainly on model simulations. To reconstruct Pliocene climate and incorporate paleoclimate observations, we use data assimilation to blend sea-surface temperature (SST) proxies with model simulations from the Pliocene Modeling Intercomparison Project 2 and the Community Earth System Models. The resulting reconstruction, “plioDA,” suggests that the mid-Pliocene (3.25 Ma) was warmer than previously thought (on average 4.1°C warmer than preindustrial, 95% CI = 3.0°C–5.3°C), leading to a higher estimate of climate sensitivity (4.8°C per doubling of &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mtext&gt;CO&lt;/mtext&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${text{CO}}_{2}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, 90% CI = 2.6°C–9.9°C). In agreement with previous work, the tropical Pacific zonal SST gradient during the mid-Pliocene was moderately reduced (&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;0.8&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${-}0.8$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;°C, 95% CI = &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2.3&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${-}2.3$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;–0.4°C). However, this gradient was more reduced during the early Pliocene (4.75 Ma, &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2.3&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${-}2.3$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;°C, 95% CI = &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;3.9&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${-}3.9$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;–&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;1.1&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${-}1.1$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;°C), a time period that","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024AV001356","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ceres: Organic-Rich Sites of Exogenic Origin?","authors":"R. Sarkar,&nbsp;A. Nathues,&nbsp;M. Hoffmann,&nbsp;E. Cloutis,&nbsp;K. Mengel,&nbsp;P. Singh,&nbsp;G. Thangjam,&nbsp;J. Hernandez,&nbsp;S. Karunatillake,&nbsp;M. Coutelier","doi":"10.1029/2024AV001362","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024AV001362","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ceres, the largest object in the asteroid belt, is the only potential ocean world in the inner Solar System. Previous studies identified deposits of aliphatic organics in and around the Ernutet crater, and at small locations at Inamahari and Urvara craters. The origin of organics, either endogenic or exogenic, in these fresh exposures is still under debate. This study addresses the origin of the organics by analyzing their global distribution and geologic context. Our first step involved a global search for organic-rich sites that might have escaped previous detections. We achieved this by using a deep neural network, utilizing spectral redness in the Dawn's Framing Camera multispectral data to identify potential organic-rich sites. The identified sites were further studied by using IR spectrometer data to infer the compositions of materials showing spectral redness. Of the newly identified red-sloped sites, only two can be considered certain to be organic-rich. We also identified sites with spectral redness, but without any signature of organics in their infrared spectra. These sites could be attributed to the aqueous alteration of magnetite into ferric-iron bearing phases. At Ernutet, Inamahari, and Urvara, the organic-rich material is confined to the near surface only. Additionally, the absence of tectonic/volcanic features at these sites makes an endogenic origin questionable. The global rarity of detectable organics also supports this assessment. Consequently, we suggest that organics at these sites were originally delivered by low-velocity, organic-rich impactor(s) from the main belt and subsequently excavated, rather than originating from endogenous processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024AV001362","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct Energy Budgets of Mars and Earth","authors":"Larry Guan,&nbsp;Liming Li,&nbsp;Ellen C. Creecy,&nbsp;Xun Jiang,&nbsp;Xinyue Wang,&nbsp;Germán Martínez,&nbsp;Anthony D. Toigo,&nbsp;Mark I. Richardson,&nbsp;Agustín Sánchez-Lavega,&nbsp;Yeon Joo Lee","doi":"10.1029/2024AV001389","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024AV001389","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The radiant energy budget (REB) is a fundamental physical parameter for planetary bodies, though studies constraining the REB for bodies beyond Earth are relatively limited. We generate the first meridional profiles of Mars' REB at seasonal and annual timescales through measurements based on long term multi-instrument observations from spacecraft orbiting Mars. Then, we compare our findings to Earth's REB using contemporary satellite data sets. Each planet exhibits remarkably distinct seasonal REB distributions due to differences in their orbital, atmospheric, and surface properties. Annually, Earth's REB exhibits a tropical energy surplus and a deficit at the poles. In contrast, Mars' annual REB displays an inverted meridional distribution with significant hemispheric asymmetry. Additionally, global dust storms significantly modify the Martian REB. Our observations are employable in future studies to improve models on Mars' general circulation, meteorology, and polar ice cap evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"5 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024AV001389","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}