AGU Advances最新文献_第8页

Bringing a Lens of Equity to Geoscience Qualifying Examinations 为地球科学资格考试引入公平视角

AGU Advances Pub Date : 2024-05-27 DOI: 10.1029/2024AV001260

Lilian A. Dove, Clare E. Singer, Sara E. Murphy

引用次数: 0

Column-Compound Extremes in the Global Ocean 全球海洋的柱状化合物极端值

AGU Advances Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1029/2023AV001059

Joel Wong, Matthias Münnich, Nicolas Gruber

{"title":"Column-Compound Extremes in the Global Ocean","authors":"Joel Wong, Matthias Münnich, Nicolas Gruber","doi":"10.1029/2023AV001059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023AV001059","url":null,"abstract":"Marine extreme events such as marine heatwaves, ocean acidity extremes and low oxygen extremes can pose a substantial threat to marine organisms and ecosystems. Such extremes might be particularly detrimental (a) when they are compounded in more than one stressor, and (b) when the extremes extend substantially across the water column, restricting the habitable space for marine organisms. Here, we use daily output of a hindcast simulation (1961–2020) from the ocean component of the Community Earth System Model to characterize such column-compound extreme events (CCX), employing a relative threshold approach to identify extremes and requiring them to extend vertically over at least 50 m. The diagnosed CCX are prevalent, occupying worldwide in the 1960s about 1% of the volume contained within the top 300 m. Over the duration of our simulation, CCX become more intense, last longer, and occupy more volume, driven by the trends in ocean warming and ocean acidification. For example, the triple CCX expanded 39-fold, now last 3-times longer, and became 6-times more intense since the early 1960s. Removing this effect with a moving baseline permits us to better understand the key characteristics of CCX, revealing a typical duration of 10–30 days and a predominant occurrence in the Tropics and high latitudes, regions of high potential biological vulnerability. Overall, the CCX fall into 16 clusters, reflecting different patterns and drivers. Triple CCX are largely confined to the tropics and the North Pacific and tend to be associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation.","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023AV001059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141085072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thank You to Our 2023 Peer Reviewers 感谢 2023 年同行评审员

AGU Advances Pub Date : 2024-04-30 DOI: 10.1029/2024AV001290

Ana Barros, Thorsten Becker, M. Bayani Cardenas, Eric Davidson, Nicolas Gruber, Eileen Hofmann, Mary Hudson, Tissa Illangasekare, Sarah Kang, Alberto Montanari, Marcos Moreno, Francis Nimmo, Larry Paxton, Francois Primeau, Vincent Salters, David Schimel, Bjorn Stevens, Hang Su, Jessica Tierney, Susan Trumbore, Donald Wuebbles, Peter Zeitler, Binzheng Zhang, Xi Zhang

引用次数: 0

Unveiling Energetic Particle Dynamics in the Near-Earth Environment From CubeSat Missions 从立方体卫星任务中揭示近地环境中的高能粒子动力学

AGU Advances Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.1029/2024AV001256

Xinlin Li

引用次数: 0

Emergent Trends Complicate the Interpretation of the United States Drought Monitor (USDM) 新趋势使美国干旱监测仪 (USDM) 的解读变得复杂

AGU Advances Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1029/2023AV001070

Zhiying Li, Jason E. Smerdon, Richard Seager, Noel Siegert, Justin S. Mankin

{"title":"Emergent Trends Complicate the Interpretation of the United States Drought Monitor (USDM)","authors":"Zhiying Li, Jason E. Smerdon, Richard Seager, Noel Siegert, Justin S. Mankin","doi":"10.1029/2023AV001070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023AV001070","url":null,"abstract":"Effective drought management must be informed by an understanding of whether and how current drought monitoring and assessment practices represent underlying nonstationary climate conditions, either naturally occurring or forced by climate change. Here we investigate the emerging climatology and associated trends in drought classes defined by the United States Drought Monitor (USDM), a weekly product that, since 2000, has been used to inform drought management in the United States. The USDM classifies drought intensity based in part on threshold percentiles in key hydroclimate quantities. Here we assess how those USDM-defined drought threshold percentiles have changed over the last 23 years, examining precipitation, runoff, soil moisture (SM), terrestrial water storage (TWS), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and near-surface air temperature. We also assess underlying trends in the frequency of drought classifications across the U.S. Our analysis suggests that the frequency of drought class occurrence is exceeding the threshold percentiles defined by the USDM in a number of regions in the United States, particularly in the American West, where the last 23 years have emerged as a prolonged dry period. These trends are also reflected in percentile-based thresholds in precipitation, runoff, SM, TWS, VPD, and temperature. Our results emphasize that while the USDM appears to be accurately reflecting observed nonstationarity in the physical climate, such trends raise critical questions about whether and how drought diagnosis, classification, and monitoring should address long-term intervals of wet and dry periods or trends.","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023AV001070","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140641928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Extreme Auroral Electrojet Spike During 2023 April 24th Storm 2023 年 4 月 24 日风暴期间的极端极光电喷峰

AGU Advances Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1029/2023AV001101

Ying Zou, Jesper W. Gjerloev, Shin Ohtani, Matt Friel, Jun Liang, Larry L. Lyons, Yangyang Shen, Jiang Liu, Li-Jen Chen, Banafsheh Ferdousi, Alex Chartier, Sarah Vines, Colin L. Waters

{"title":"An Extreme Auroral Electrojet Spike During 2023 April 24th Storm","authors":"Ying Zou, Jesper W. Gjerloev, Shin Ohtani, Matt Friel, Jun Liang, Larry L. Lyons, Yangyang Shen, Jiang Liu, Li-Jen Chen, Banafsheh Ferdousi, Alex Chartier, Sarah Vines, Colin L. Waters","doi":"10.1029/2023AV001101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023AV001101","url":null,"abstract":"Abrupt variations of auroral electrojets can induce geomagnetically induced currents, and the ability to model and forecast them is a pressing goal of space weather research. We report an auroral electrojet spike event that is extreme in magnitude, explosive in nature, and global in spatial extent that occurred on 24 April 2023. The event serves as a fundamental test of our understanding of the response of the geospace system to solar wind dynamics. Our results illustrate new and important characteristics that are drastically different from existing knowledge. Most important findings include (a) the event was only of ∼5-min duration and was limited to a narrow (2°–3°) band of diffuse aurora; (b) the longitudinal span covered the entire nightside sector, possibly extending to the dayside; (c) the trigger seems to be a transient solar wind dynamic pressure pulse. In comparison, substorms usually last 1–2 hr and span almost the entire latitudinal width of the auroral oval. Magnetic perturbation events (MPEs) span hundreds km in radius. Both substorms and MPEs are mainly driven by disturbances in the magnetotail. A possible explanation is that the pressure pulse compresses the magnetosphere and enhances diffuse precipitation of electrons and protons from the inner plasma sheet, which elevates the ionospheric conductivity and intensifies the auroral electrojet. Therefore, the event exhibits a potentially new type of geomagnetic disturbance and highlights a solar wind driver that is enormously influential in driving extreme space weather events.","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023AV001101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140641923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Fuzzy Cores of Jupiter and Saturn 木星和土星的模糊内核

AGU Advances Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1029/2024AV001171

Ravit Helled, David J. Stevenson

引用次数: 0

Linking 3D Long-Term Slow-Slip Cycle Models With Rupture Dynamics: The Nucleation of the 2014 Mw 7.3 Guerrero, Mexico Earthquake 将三维长期慢滑周期模型与破裂动力学联系起来：2014 年墨西哥格雷罗 7.3 级地震的成核过程

AGU Advances Pub Date : 2024-03-30 DOI: 10.1029/2023AV000979

Duo Li, Alice-Agnes Gabriel

{"title":"Linking 3D Long-Term Slow-Slip Cycle Models With Rupture Dynamics: The Nucleation of the 2014 Mw 7.3 Guerrero, Mexico Earthquake","authors":"Duo Li, Alice-Agnes Gabriel","doi":"10.1029/2023AV000979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023AV000979","url":null,"abstract":"Slow slip events (SSEs) have been observed in spatial and temporal proximity to megathrust earthquakes in various subduction zones, including the 2014 Mw 7.3 Guerrero, Mexico earthquake which was preceded by a Mw 7.6 SSE. However, the underlying physics connecting SSEs to earthquakes remains elusive. Here, we link 3D slow-slip cycle models with dynamic rupture simulations across the geometrically complex flat-slab Cocos plate boundary. Our physics-based models reproduce key regional geodetic and teleseismic fault slip observations on timescales from decades to seconds. We find that accelerating SSE fronts transiently increase shear stress at the down-dip end of the seismogenic zone, modulated by the complex geometry beneath the Guerrero segment. The shear stresses cast by the migrating fronts of the 2014 Mw 7.6 SSE are significantly larger than those during the three previous episodic SSEs that occurred along the same portion of the megathrust. We show that the SSE transient stresses are large enough to nucleate earthquake dynamic rupture and affect rupture dynamics. However, additional frictional asperities in the seismogenic part of the megathrust are required to explain the observed complexities in the coseismic energy release and static surface displacements of the Guerrero earthquake. We conclude that it is crucial to jointly analyze the long- and short-term interactions and complexities of SSEs and megathrust earthquakes across several (a)seismic cycles accounting for megathrust geometry. Our study has important implications for identifying earthquake precursors and understanding the link between transient and sudden megathrust faulting processes.","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023AV000979","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140331162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ecosystem Water-Saving Timescale Varies Spatially With Typical Drydown Length 生态系统节水时间尺度随典型干燥时间长短而变化

AGU Advances Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.1029/2023AV001113

Natan Holtzman, Brandon Sloan, Aaron Potkay, Gabriel Katul, Xue Feng, Alexandra G. Konings

{"title":"Ecosystem Water-Saving Timescale Varies Spatially With Typical Drydown Length","authors":"Natan Holtzman, Brandon Sloan, Aaron Potkay, Gabriel Katul, Xue Feng, Alexandra G. Konings","doi":"10.1029/2023AV001113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023AV001113","url":null,"abstract":"Stomatal optimization theory is a commonly used framework for modeling how plants regulate transpiration in response to the environment. Most stomatal optimization models assume that plants instantaneously optimize a reward function such as carbon gain. However, plants are expected to optimize over longer timescales given the rapid environmental variability they encounter. There are currently no observational constraints on these timescales. Here, a new stomatal model is developed and is used to analyze the timescales over which stomatal closure is optimized. The proposed model assumes plants maximize carbon gain subject to the constraint that they cannot draw down soil moisture below a critical value. The reward is integrated over time, after being weighted by a discount factor that represents the timescale (τ) that a plant considers when optimizing stomatal conductance to save water. The model is simple enough to be analytically solvable, which allows the value of τ to be inferred from observations of stomatal behavior under known environmental conditions. The model is fitted to eddy covariance data in a range of ecosystems, finding the value of τ that best predicts the dynamics of evapotranspiration at each site. Across 82 sites, the climate metrics with the strongest correlation to τ are measures of the average number of dry days between rainfall events. Values of τ are similar in magnitude to the longest such dry period encountered in an average year. The results here shed light on which climate characteristics shape spatial variations in ecosystem-level water use strategy.","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023AV001113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140329047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fault Orientation Trumps Fault Maturity in Controlling Coseismic Rupture Characteristics of the 2021 Maduo Earthquake 在控制 2021 年玛多地震的同震破裂特征时，断层走向胜过断层成熟度

AGU Advances Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.1029/2023AV001134

Jing Liu-Zeng, Zhijun Liu, Xiaoli Liu, Chris Milliner, Alba M. Rodriguez Padilla, Shiqing Xu, Jean-Philippe Avouac, Wenqian Yao, Yann Klinger, Longfei Han, Yanxiu Shao, Xiaodong Yan, Saif Aati, Zhigang Shao

{"title":"Fault Orientation Trumps Fault Maturity in Controlling Coseismic Rupture Characteristics of the 2021 Maduo Earthquake","authors":"Jing Liu-Zeng, Zhijun Liu, Xiaoli Liu, Chris Milliner, Alba M. Rodriguez Padilla, Shiqing Xu, Jean-Philippe Avouac, Wenqian Yao, Yann Klinger, Longfei Han, Yanxiu Shao, Xiaodong Yan, Saif Aati, Zhigang Shao","doi":"10.1029/2023AV001134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023AV001134","url":null,"abstract":"Fault maturity has been proposed to exert a first order control on earthquake rupture, yet direct observations linking individual rupture to long-term fault growth are rare. The 2021 Mw 7.4 Maduo earthquake ruptured the east-growing end of the slow-moving (∼1 mm/yr) Jiangcuo fault in north Tibet, providing an opportunity to examine the relation between rupture characteristics and fault structure. Here we combine field and multiple remote sensing techniques to map the surface rupture at cm-resolution and document comprehensively on-fault offsets and off-fault deformation. The 158 km-long surface rupture consists of misoriented structurally inherited N110°-striking segments and younger optimally oriented N093°-striking segments, relative to the regional stress field. Despite being comparatively newly formed, the ∼N093°-striking fault segments accommodate more localized strain, with up to 3 m on-fault left-lateral slip and 25%–50% off-fault deformation, and possibly faster rupture speed. These results are in contrast with previous findings showing more localized strain and faster rupture speed on more mature fault segments; instead, our observations suggest that fault orientation with respect to the regional stress can exert a more important control than fault maturity on coseismic rupture behavior when both factors are at play.","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023AV001134","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140321809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0