AGU Advances最新文献_第10页

Decadal Trends in the Oceanic Storage of Anthropogenic Carbon From 1994 to 2014 1994年至2014年海洋人为碳储存的十年趋势

AGU Advances Pub Date : 2023-08-10 DOI: 10.1029/2023AV000875

Jens Daniel Müller, N. Gruber, B. Carter, R. Feely, M. Ishii, N. Lange, S. K. Lauvset, A. Murata, A. Olsen, F. F. Pérez, C. Sabine, T. Tanhua, R. Wanninkhof, D. Zhu

{"title":"Decadal Trends in the Oceanic Storage of Anthropogenic Carbon From 1994 to 2014","authors":"Jens Daniel Müller, N. Gruber, B. Carter, R. Feely, M. Ishii, N. Lange, S. K. Lauvset, A. Murata, A. Olsen, F. F. Pérez, C. Sabine, T. Tanhua, R. Wanninkhof, D. Zhu","doi":"10.1029/2023AV000875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023AV000875","url":null,"abstract":"The oceanic uptake and resulting storage of the anthropogenic CO2 (Cant) that humans have emitted into the atmosphere moderates climate change. Yet our knowledge about how this uptake and storage has progressed in time remained limited. Here, we determine decadal trends in the storage of Cant by applying the eMLR(C*) regression method to ocean interior observations collected repeatedly since the 1990s. We find that the global ocean storage of Cant grew from 1994 to 2004 by 29 ± 3 Pg C dec−1 and from 2004 to 2014 by 27 ± 3 Pg C dec−1 (±1σ). The storage change in the second decade is about 15 ± 11% lower than one would expect from the first decade and assuming proportional increase with atmospheric CO2. We attribute this reduction in sensitivity to a decrease of the ocean buffer capacity and changes in ocean circulation. In the Atlantic Ocean, the maximum storage rate shifted from the Northern to the Southern Hemisphere, plausibly caused by a weaker formation rate of North Atlantic Deep Waters and an intensified ventilation of mode and intermediate waters in the Southern Hemisphere. Our estimates of the Cant accumulation differ from cumulative net air-sea flux estimates by several Pg C dec−1, suggesting a substantial and variable, but uncertain net loss of natural carbon from the ocean. Our findings indicate a considerable vulnerability of the ocean carbon sink to climate variability and change.","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023AV000875","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50126900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Verifying Methane Inventories and Trends With Atmospheric Methane Data 用大气甲烷数据验证甲烷清单和趋势

AGU Advances Pub Date : 2023-08-09 DOI: 10.1029/2023AV000871

John R. Worden, Sudhanshu Pandey, Yuzhong Zhang, Daniel H. Cusworth, Zhen Qu, A. Anthony Bloom, Shuang Ma, Joannes D. Maasakkers, Brendan Byrne, Riley Duren, David Crisp, Deborah Gordon, Daniel J. Jacob

{"title":"Verifying Methane Inventories and Trends With Atmospheric Methane Data","authors":"John R. Worden, Sudhanshu Pandey, Yuzhong Zhang, Daniel H. Cusworth, Zhen Qu, A. Anthony Bloom, Shuang Ma, Joannes D. Maasakkers, Brendan Byrne, Riley Duren, David Crisp, Deborah Gordon, Daniel J. Jacob","doi":"10.1029/2023AV000871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023AV000871","url":null,"abstract":"The 2015 Paris Climate Agreement and Global Methane Pledge formalized agreement for countries to report and reduce methane emissions to mitigate near-term climate change. Emission inventories generated through surface activity measurements are reported annually or bi-annually, and evaluated periodically through a “Global Stocktake.” Emissions inverted from atmospheric data support evaluation of reported inventories, but their systematic use is stifled by spatially variable biases from prior errors combined with limited sensitivity of observations to emissions (also called smoothing error), as-well-as poorly characterized information content. Here, we demonstrate a Bayesian, optimal estimation (OE) algorithm for evaluating a state-of-the-art inventory (EDGAR v6.0) using satellite-based emissions from 2009 to 2018. The OE algorithm quantifies the information content (uncertainty reduction, sectoral attribution, spatial resolution) of the satellite-based emissions and disentangles the effect of smoothing error when comparing to an inventory. We find robust differences between satellite and EDGAR for total livestock, rice, and coal emissions: 14 ± 9, 12 ± 8, −11 ± 6 Tg CH4/yr respectively. EDGAR and satellite agree that livestock emissions are increasing (0.25–1.3 Tg CH4/yr/yr), primarily in the Indo-Pakistan region, sub-tropical Africa, and the Southern Brazilian; East Asia rice emissions are also increasing, highlighting the importance of agriculture on the atmospheric methane growth rate. In contrast, low information content for the waste and fossil emission trends confounds comparison between EDGAR and satellite; increased sampling and spatial resolution of satellite observations are therefore needed to evaluate reported changes to emissions in these sectors.","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023AV000871","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50142082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Pillars of Cloud-Based Earth Observation Science Education 云对地观测科学教育的支柱

AGU Advances Pub Date : 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.1029/2023AV000894

Morgan A. Crowley, Michelle Stuhlmacher, Erin D. Trochim, Jamon Van Den Hoek, Valerie J. Pasquarella, Sabrina H. Szeto, Jeffrey T. Howarth, Rud Platt, Samapriya Roy, Beth Tellman, T. C. Chakraborty, Amber Ignatius, Emil Cherrington, Kel Markert, Qiusheng Wu, M. D. Madhusudan, Timothy Mayer, Jeffrey A. Cardille, Tyler Erickson, Rebecca Moore, Nicholas E. Clinton, David Saah

{"title":"Pillars of Cloud-Based Earth Observation Science Education","authors":"Morgan A. Crowley, Michelle Stuhlmacher, Erin D. Trochim, Jamon Van Den Hoek, Valerie J. Pasquarella, Sabrina H. Szeto, Jeffrey T. Howarth, Rud Platt, Samapriya Roy, Beth Tellman, T. C. Chakraborty, Amber Ignatius, Emil Cherrington, Kel Markert, Qiusheng Wu, M. D. Madhusudan, Timothy Mayer, Jeffrey A. Cardille, Tyler Erickson, Rebecca Moore, Nicholas E. Clinton, David Saah","doi":"10.1029/2023AV000894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023AV000894","url":null,"abstract":"Earth observation (EO) is undergoing a paradigm shift with the development of cloud-based analytical platforms supporting EO data collection and access, parallel processing, easier communication of results, and expanded accessibility. As the global community of users and the diversity of applications grow, there is a clear need for expanded educational capacity to leverage these developments and increase the impact of EO research and teaching. Drawing upon extensive conversations between educators, practitioners, and researchers, we propose three pillars that must be prioritized to prepare students, researchers, and professionals to take full advantage of the cloud-based EO paradigm and guide future growth.","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023AV000894","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50145699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Predicting Streamflow Elasticity Based on Percolation Theory and Ecological Optimality 基于渗流理论和生态最优化的水流弹性预测

AGU Advances Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.1029/2022AV000867

Allen G. Hunt, Muhammad Sahimi, Behzad Ghanbarian

{"title":"Predicting Streamflow Elasticity Based on Percolation Theory and Ecological Optimality","authors":"Allen G. Hunt, Muhammad Sahimi, Behzad Ghanbarian","doi":"10.1029/2022AV000867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2022AV000867","url":null,"abstract":"How much terrestrial precipitation is used by vegetation and how much runs off, represents central issues in hydrologic science, ecology, climate change, and even geopolitics. We present a theory for the water balance to predict the fractional change in streamflow due to given fractional changes in temperature and precipitation. The theory involves a single parameter whose value is derived under the conditions of neither energy- nor water-limitations and, therefore, is not an adjustable parameter. By comparison with extensive data for precipitation elasticity ϵp at global scale, we find that the theory captures the key trends of the variations of the median value of ϵp with the aridity index AI. In contrast to a shortcoming of the classical Budyko phenomenology, namely, convergence to ϵp = 4 for large AI, our theory yields a value of 2 for the median value of ϵp for all AI > 1, in accord with the data for major river basins, as well as with the median value of summaries of global and continental data sets. Incorporating in the theory the effects of annual changes in water storage leads to the ability to predict the range of observed values of the elasticity as a function of the aridity index, or its inverse, the humidity index, as well as the run-off ratio. When changes in storage are neglected, the theory yields more accurate predictions for major river drainages than for small watersheds, particularly if the large basin spans various climate regimes and, as such, an integration over climates tends to reduce relative changes in the storage.","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2022AV000867","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50138719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New Potential to Reduce Uncertainty in Regional Climate Projections by Combining Physical and Socio-Economic Constraints 通过结合物理和社会经济约束减少区域气候预测不确定性的新潜力

AGU Advances Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.1029/2023AV000887

Flavio Lehner, Ed Hawkins, Rowan Sutton, Angeline G. Pendergrass, Frances C. Moore

引用次数: 1

The Importance of Hyperspectral Soil Albedo Information for Improving Earth System Model Projections 高光谱土壤反照率信息对改进地球系统模型投影的重要性

AGU Advances Pub Date : 2023-07-16 DOI: 10.1029/2023AV000910

R. K. Braghiere, Y. Wang, A. Gagné-Landmann, P. G. Brodrick, A. A. Bloom, A. J. Norton, S. Ma, P. Levine, M. Longo, K. Deck, P. Gentine, J. R. Worden, C. Frankenberg, T. Schneider

{"title":"The Importance of Hyperspectral Soil Albedo Information for Improving Earth System Model Projections","authors":"R. K. Braghiere, Y. Wang, A. Gagné-Landmann, P. G. Brodrick, A. A. Bloom, A. J. Norton, S. Ma, P. Levine, M. Longo, K. Deck, P. Gentine, J. R. Worden, C. Frankenberg, T. Schneider","doi":"10.1029/2023AV000910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023AV000910","url":null,"abstract":"Earth system models (ESMs) typically simplify the representation of land surface spectral albedo to two values, which correspond to the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400–700 nm) and the near infrared (NIR, 700–2,500 nm) spectral bands. However, the availability of hyperspectral observations now allows for a more direct retrieval of ecological parameters and reduction of uncertainty in surface reflectance. To investigate sensitivity and quantify biases of incorporating hyperspectral albedo information into ESMs, we examine how shortwave soil albedo affects surface radiative forcing and simulations of the carbon and water cycles. Results reveal that the use of two broadband values to represent soil albedo can introduce systematic radiative-forcing differences compared to a hyperspectral representation. Specifically, we estimate soil albedo biases of ±0.2 over desert areas, which can result in spectrally integrated radiative forcing divergences of up to 30 W m−2, primarily due to discrepancies in the blue (404–504 nm) and far-red (702–747 nm) regions. Furthermore, coupled land-atmosphere simulations indicate a significant difference in net solar flux at the top of the atmosphere (>3.3 W m−2), which can impact global energy fluxes, rainfall, temperature, and photosynthesis. Finally, simulations show that considering the hyperspectrally resolved soil reflectance leads to increased maximum daily temperatures under current and future CO2 concentrations.","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023AV000910","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50134571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Navigating Gender at Sea 海上性别导航

AGU Advances Pub Date : 2023-07-14 DOI: 10.1029/2023AV000927

Kay McMonigal, Natalya Evans, Dani Jones, Jay Brett, Reece C. James, Mar C. Arroyo, A-bel Y. Gong, Elizabeth C. Miller, Colette Kelly, Jule Middleton, Chris Spear, Wil Holmes, Dakota Lane

引用次数: 1

Subdaily Slow Fault Slip Dynamics Captured by Low-Frequency Earthquakes 低频地震捕捉到的次级慢断层滑动动力学

AGU Advances Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.1029/2022AV000848

Caroline Mouchon, William B. Frank, Mathilde Radiguet, Piero Poli, Nathalie Cotte

{"title":"Subdaily Slow Fault Slip Dynamics Captured by Low-Frequency Earthquakes","authors":"Caroline Mouchon, William B. Frank, Mathilde Radiguet, Piero Poli, Nathalie Cotte","doi":"10.1029/2022AV000848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2022AV000848","url":null,"abstract":"Geodetic positioning is the geophysical record of reference for slow slip events, but typical daily solutions limit studies of the evolution of slow slip to its long-term dynamics. Accompanying seismic low-frequency earthquakes located precisely in time and space provide an opportunity to image slow slip dynamics at subdaily time scales. Here we show that a high-resolution time history of low-frequency earthquake fault slip alone can reproduce the geodetic record of slow slip that we observe to be dominated by subdaily fault slip dynamics. However, a simple linear model cannot accommodate the complex dynamics present throughout the slow slip cycle, and an analysis of different phases of the slow slip cycle shows that the ratio of geodetic to seismic fault slip varies as a function of time. This suggests that the low-frequency earthquake source region saturates as slow slip grows in moment and area. We propose that rheological heterogeneities at the plate boundary associated with low-frequency earthquakes do not play a significant role in the slow slip rupture process, thus implying that their activity is incidental to the driving aseismic slip.","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2022AV000848","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50155267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Thank You to Our 2022 Peer Reviewers 感谢我们2022年的同行评审

AGU Advances Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.1029/2023AV000974

Susan Trumbore, Ana Barros, Thorsten Becker, M. Bayani Cardenas, Eric Davidson, Nicolas Gruber, Eileen Hofmann, Mary Hudson, Tissa Illangasekare, Sarah Kang, Alberto Montanari, Marcos Moreno, Francis Nimmo, Larry Paxton, Vincent J. M. Salters, David Schimel, Bjorn Stevens, Hang Su, Donald Wuebbles, Peter Zeitler, Binzheng Zhang

引用次数: 0

The Intrinsic 150-Day Periodicity of the Southern Hemisphere Extratropical Large-Scale Atmospheric Circulation 南半球热带外大尺度大气环流的固有150天周期性

AGU Advances Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.1029/2022AV000833

Sandro W. Lubis, Pedram Hassanzadeh

{"title":"The Intrinsic 150-Day Periodicity of the Southern Hemisphere Extratropical Large-Scale Atmospheric Circulation","authors":"Sandro W. Lubis, Pedram Hassanzadeh","doi":"10.1029/2022AV000833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2022AV000833","url":null,"abstract":"The variability of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) extratropical large-scale circulation is dominated by the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), whose timescale is extensively used as a key metric in evaluating state-of-the-art climate models. Past observational and theoretical studies suggest that the SAM lacks any internally generated (intrinsic) periodicity. Here, we show, using observations and a climate model hierarchy, that the SAM has an intrinsic 150-day periodicity. This periodicity is robustly detectable in the power spectra and principal oscillation patterns (aka dynamical mode decomposition) of the zonal-mean circulation, and in hemispheric-scale precipitation and ocean surface wind stress. The 150-day period is consistent with the predictions of a new reduced-order model for the SAM, which suggests that this periodicity is associated with a complex interaction of turbulent eddies and zonal wind anomalies, as the latter propagate from low to high latitudes. These findings present a rare example of periodic oscillations arising from the internal dynamics of the extratropical turbulent circulations. Based on these findings, we further propose a new metric for evaluating climate models, and show that some of the previously reported shortcomings and improvements in simulating SAM's variability connect to the models' ability in reproducing this periodicity. We argue that this periodicity should be considered in evaluating climate models and understanding the past, current, and projected Southern Hemisphere climate variability.","PeriodicalId":100067,"journal":{"name":"AGU Advances","volume":"4 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2022AV000833","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50156169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0