ACS ES&T Air最新文献

{"title":"Far UV Exposure (UV222) Decreases Immune-Based Recognition of Common Airborne Allergens","authors":"Tess M. Eidem*,&nbsp;Kristin M. Rugh and Mark T. Hernandez*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestair.5c00080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.5c00080","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Airborne allergens (aeroallergens) significantly contribute to respiratory allergies and asthma. Traditional methods such as cleaning and allergen avoidance have shown mixed results in improving health outcomes in sensitized individuals, and effective control of airborne protein allergens remains a practical challenge within the built environment. To address this challenge, this study developed a controlled experimental system to generate respirable particles (≤ 10 μm) containing common aeroallergens from mites, pet dander, mold, and pollen, in both dust and purified forms. Allergens were aerosolized into a 10 m³ controlled environment chamber where the contents were either exposed to a calibrated UV₂₂₂ irradiation field or left untreated (control). Respirable aerosols containing allergens were subsequently collected by condensation capture at 10 min intervals over the course of an hour to evaluate allergen stability. Aeroallergens were quantified using an antibody-based immunoassay, which relies on intact protein conformation for antibody-allergen recognition, binding, and quantification. In a time frame relevant to indoor air exchange rates (30 min), statistically significant reductions in airborne allergen levels were observed in response to UV₂₂₂ doses ≤ 16.8 mJ/cm² when compared to otherwise identical control conditions. These results suggest that UV₂₂₂ may be engineered for use as an aeroallergen intervention strategy.</p><p >Far UV exposure significantly reduces immune-based detection of airborne allergens within a controlled chamber relevant to the built environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"2 9","pages":"1892–1903"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsestair.5c00080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling the Correlation between the Optical Properties and Oxidative Potential of Atmospheric Fine Particulate Matter in the Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Rui Tang,&nbsp;Mengshuang Sheng,&nbsp;Yuhan Liu,&nbsp;Jiali Zhu,&nbsp;Yu Kuang,&nbsp;Yunxiu Shi,&nbsp;Yunfei Fan,&nbsp;Xin Meng,&nbsp;Qiaoyi Hua,&nbsp;Teng Wang,&nbsp;Jing Shang*,&nbsp;Jicheng Gong and Tong Zhu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestair.5c00212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.5c00212","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The Tibetan Plateau (TP), known as the “Third Pole” of the Earth, exhibits exceptional climate sensitivity, yet the climate and health effects of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM_2.5)─a significant warming agent─remain poorly characterized in the TP. In this study, we conducted parallel PM_2.5 sampling in the TP (Lhasa and Nyingchi) and Beijing. Comparative analysis revealed that PM_2.5 in the TP shows weaker light absorption but comparable inherent oxidative potential (OP) to urban Beijing, suggesting substantial aerosol toxicity in the pristine TP. This difference can be explained by considering the roles of organic carbon (OC) and metals. PM_2.5 in the TP contains both a greater proportion of OC and a higher degree of aging in its OC fraction, which not only influences light absorption and OP but also magnifies the effect of OC aging on these properties. Notably, in Nyingchi, a relatively pristine high-altitude region, the higher OC content demonstrates stronger OC-correlated light absorption and OP than Lhasa, where transition metals additionally contribute to OP. These findings provide valuable parameters for understanding optical properties and health effects in high-altitude areas, advance the optical–toxicity coupling relationship, and redefine our understanding of air pollution risks in high-altitude environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"2 9","pages":"2028–2037"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Evaluation and Calibration of Low-Cost PurpleAir PM2.5 Sensors in South Asian Conditions: Dhaka, Bangladesh","authors":"Chowdhury A. Hossain,&nbsp;Sanjeev Delwar,&nbsp;Dipika R. Prapti,&nbsp;Md. Aynul Bari,&nbsp;Julian D. Marshall and Provat K. Saha*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestair.5c00105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.5c00105","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this study, we assessed the performance of PurpleAir PM_2.5 sensors and developed calibration models in Dhaka, Bangladesh─one of the global hotspots most severely affected by extreme air pollution. We collocated an array of PurpleAir (PA-II-SD) sensors alongside a beta attenuation monitor (BAM: MetOne BAM-1020) across the dry and wet seasons. Specifically, we collocated 10 sensors during the wet season and 20 sensors during the dry season, collecting one month of colocation data per season, covering a wide range of pollution levels and meteorological conditions. Quality-assured hourly concentrations from different PurpleAir units have shown good consistency, with pairwise <i>R</i>² values generally exceeding 0.95. We developed empirical correction models by testing 29 multiple linear regression (MLR) forms and Random Forest models. Results showed that for hourly average PM_2.5 concentrations measured by PurpleAir, a simple linear correction model achieved an accuracy (nRMSE) within 17–18% of hourly BAM measurements. More complex MLR models incorporating several meteorological variables and interaction terms improved accuracy (nRMSE) slightly, to ∼15%. Random Forest models slightly outperformed all MLR models, at 12–14% (nRMSE) accuracy relative to BAM. Our findings highlight that existing correction models─particularly those developed for U.S. cities and used in the PurpleAir map─are inadequate for Bangladeshi conditions. Uncorrected PurpleAir cf_atm PM_2.5 data yielded accuracy within 25% of BAM measurements. Further research is needed to assess sensor performance in rural and suburban environments and to evaluate long-term performance under diverse climatological and source conditions in Bangladesh and South Asia.</p>","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"2 9","pages":"1904–1915"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Shifts in Atmospheric Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Levels in the Great Lakes and Implications for the Environmental Transport and Fate","authors":"Wen-Long Li,&nbsp;Hayley Hung*,&nbsp;Alexander Kasperkiewicz,&nbsp;Chubashini Shunthirasingham,&nbsp;Jared Chisamore,&nbsp;Milena Rabu,&nbsp;Richard Park,&nbsp;Chun-Yan Huo,&nbsp;Patrick Lee and Helena Dryfhout-Clark,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestair.5c00121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.5c00121","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study presents the first multiyear investigation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the atmosphere over the Great Lakes. The levels of ∑PFAS exhibit a broad range from 2.9 to 280 pg/m³. Higher concentrations of PFAS at the urban-influenced site compared to the rural site signified spatial variability between the two sampling locations. Despite the absence of a consistent seasonal pattern, concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and neutral PFAS (nPFAS) tend to be higher during the summer months. This pattern appears to be influenced by the seasonal variations of air back trajectories and potential influences from south of the sampling site. The study elucidates potential shifts in atmospheric PFAS dynamics during the COVID-19 pandemic. Applying a modified model with a probabilistic approach, we investigated the transport and fate of PFOA and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) within Lake Ontario. The estimated loadings of PFOA and PFOS from air-to-water were 9.5 ± 3.6 and 17 ± 6.6 kg/y, respectively, close to the values from wet deposition (10 ± 3.9 and 31 ± 12 kg/y, respectively) but much lower than those from inflow and all other sources. The primary output pathways for PFOA and PFOS were from water outflow.</p><p >PFAS in the Great Lakes’ atmosphere reveal various spatial and seasonal variability impacted by potential sources and COVID-19, with fate modeling underscoring unaccounted for PFOA inputs to Lake Ontario.</p>","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"2 9","pages":"1927–1938"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsestair.5c00121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and Source Attribution of Free Amino Acids in Marine Aerosols across the South China Sea to the Eastern Indian Ocean","authors":"Lelin Deng,&nbsp;Yingyi Zhang,&nbsp;Xu Yu,&nbsp;Meijuan Zhou,&nbsp;Jun Li,&nbsp;Jian Zhen Yu and Senchao Lai*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestair.5c00062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.5c00062","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Free amino acids (FAAs) are crucial components of organic nitrogen (ON) in aerosols. We investigated the characteristics of FAAs in PM_2.5 in a cruise campaign from the South China Sea (SCS) to the Eastern Indian Ocean (EIO). The contribution of marine and continental sources to FAAs was assessed in both the continent-surrounded sea area and the open-sea area. Higher total FAA concentrations were observed in the continental-influenced samples than in the oceanic-influenced samples. Among the FAAs, the abundance of Glycine (Gly) was significantly enhanced (71.5%) due to the transport of continental air masses. Moreover, the <span>d</span>/<span>l</span>-aspartate acid ratio exhibited an elevation under the impact of biomass burning. Under marine influence, the abundance of <span>l</span>-tryptophan (<span>l</span>-Trp) increased by 94.8% in the EIO. We propose that Gly and <span>l</span>-Trp can serve as the indicators for continental and marine sources, respectively, and we applied the <span>l</span>-Trp/Gly ratio to quantify their relative contributions to FAAs in marine aerosols. The results reveal the impact of continental transport and marine emissions on atmospheric ON. This study deepens the understanding of features of the nitrogen cycle and its implications for biogeochemical cycling over the ocean.</p>","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"2 9","pages":"1874–1883"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Isoprene Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation with C5-alkene Triols Newly Added to Current Chemical Mechanisms","authors":"Qingfang Su,&nbsp;David C. Wong,&nbsp;Yangjun Wang*,&nbsp;Kun Zhang,&nbsp;T.Nash Skipper,&nbsp;Sara L. Farrell,&nbsp;Ling Huang,&nbsp;Yifei Chen,&nbsp;Yanan Yi,&nbsp;Jiani Tan,&nbsp;Havala O.T. Pye and Li Li*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestair.5c00124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.5c00124","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Particulate 2-methyltetrols (2-MT), 2-methylglyceric acid (2-MG), and C₅-alkene triols serve as critical tracers for identifying isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). Field observations have identified significant concentrations of C₅-alkene triols, yet no air quality models currently account for the formation pathways of these compounds. Simultaneously, the 2-MT concentrations are usually overestimated by 4–5 times compared to field observations due to the lack of the C₅-alkene triols formation pathway. In this study, we expanded the isoprene-SOA scheme and implemented it into the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model with the latest Community Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Multiphase Mechanism version 2 (CRACMM2) mechanism. The missing formation of C₅-alkene triols via the low NO_<i>x</i> isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX) pathway, the gas-particle partitioning of isoprene-derived SOA tracers, and the high NO_<i>x</i> SOA formation pathway are comprehensively considered in this expanded isoprene-SOA scheme. Results indicate that the C₅-alkene triols contribute to 68% of all isoprene-derived SOA tracers, with approximately 50% in the gas phase and the remainder in the particle phase. The 2-MT concentrations are better represented in the new scheme compared to the default CRACMM2 based on the field observations. The overall SOA is improved by 0–4 μg/m³ in China with the expanded scheme. The isoprene-derived SOA is highly influenced by anthropogenic emissions, especially SO_<i>x</i> (SO₂ + SO₄^2–), and the reduction in SO_<i>x</i> reduces both isoprene aerosol tracers and organosulfates significantly, while a similar reduction in NO_<i>x</i> leads to small increases in these species for both particle and gas phases.</p>","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"2 9","pages":"1939–1950"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Source Attribution of Elevated Ethane Concentrations Detected by Regional Monitors in Oil and Gas Production Regions","authors":"Joel D. Graves,&nbsp;Yosuke Kimura,&nbsp;Mrinali Modi,&nbsp;Shannon Stokes,&nbsp;Morgan Meyer,&nbsp;Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz and David T. Allen*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestair.5c00235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.5c00235","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Measurements of ambient ethane concentrations at a regional air quality monitor in the Eagle Ford oil and gas production region are compared to concentrations predicted using site-level hydrocarbon emission inventories coupled with a Gaussian puff dispersion model (CALPUFF). To account for more than half of mean concentrations due to routine emissions, sites at distances 20–50 km from the receptor site were included in the simulations. Nearly all of the highest observed concentrations were observed at night. For each night in the simulation, the location and magnitude of the maximum predicted concentration and maximum observed concentration were compared, and approximately two-thirds of the highest observed nighttime maximum concentrations were accounted for by routine emissions. In contrast, approximately a third of the highest daytime maxima could be accounted for by routine emissions. Most of the large observed maxima that are attributable to routine emissions are predicted to be caused by sources that were within 10 km of the receptor site, but sources up to 20 or more kilometers from the receptor also contributed to the predicted concentrations. A case study is provided demonstrating the potential of coupling site-level inventories of routine emissions with dispersion modeling for attributing sources of elevated hydrocarbon concentrations.</p><p >The largest hydrocarbon enhancements observed at regional monitors are due to both routine emissions and emission events from nearby and distant sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"2 9","pages":"2038–2046"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsestair.5c00235","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aqueous Reaction Mechanisms and Kinetics of Atmospherically Relevant Carbonyl Organonitrates and Organosulfates","authors":"Molly E. Foley,&nbsp;Daniel R. Hill,&nbsp;Serena Gaboury,&nbsp;Daniel S. Pastor,&nbsp;Drew R. Dansby,&nbsp;Rebecca Z. Fenselau,&nbsp;Ali R. Alotbi,&nbsp;Galen M. Brennan and Matthew J. Elrod*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestair.5c00058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.5c00058","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The reaction mechanisms and rate constants for the aqueous phase reactions of atmospherically relevant carbonyl organonitrates (ONs) and organosulfates (OSs) were determined via bulk kinetics experiments using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The OSs and the nonalpha carbonyl substituted ONs were found to exclusively undergo a hydrolysis mechanism which is like that previously found for monofunctional and alpha hydroxy substituted ONs and OSs. However, the nonalpha carbonyl-substituted ONs were also found to undergo hydrolysis via sulfate catalysis (in addition to the previously found Brønsted acid catalyzed pathway), which has not been previously reported for any ONs. The alpha carbonyl-substituted ONs were found to react predominantly according to the E_CO2 mechanism (via both Brønsted acid and sulfate catalyzed pathways) which has also not been previously reported for any atmospherically relevant ONs. Because the E_CO2 mechanism leads to alpha-substituted dicarbonyl compounds, this process could be a precursor to accretion reactions which are needed to explain low volatility ambient secondary organic aerosol (SOA). The kinetics data indicate that the Brønsted acid catalyzed pathways could be relevant for SOA with pH &lt; 1, while the sulfate catalyzed pathways are predicted to be relevant for SOA well below efflorescence point for (NH₄)₂SO₄.</p>","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"2 9","pages":"1862–1873"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hour by Hour PM2.5 Mapping Using Geostationary Satellites","authors":"Seohui Park*,&nbsp;Alqamah Sayeed,&nbsp;Junhyeon Seo,&nbsp;Barron H. Henderson,&nbsp;Aaron R. Naeger and Pawan Gupta,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestair.4c00365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.4c00365","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study estimates ground-level fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) concentrations using geostationary satellites-derived Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and radiance measurements and meteorological parameters from the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model, with AirNow PM_2.5 measurements over the contiguous United States (CONUS). A Deep Neural Network (DNN) was adopted and compared with other machine learning (ML) models (i.e., Random Forest and Light Gradient-Boosting Machine) to estimate surface PM_2.5 concentrations. The DNN model (without the tropospheric emissions: monitoring of pollution (TEMPO); 1 year) estimated PM_2.5 with an interquartile range (IQR) of 4.32 μg/m³, and outperformed ML models, with up to 44.68% better index of agreement (IOA) and 45.28% smaller relative root-mean-square error (rRMSE), particularly in high PM_2.5 cases. The hourly estimated PM_2.5 closely matched the observed PM_2.5 in both temporal trend and spatial distribution across the eastern CONUS. ML modeling was further enhanced to include TEMPO Level 1b (L1b) data. The DNN model with TEMPO improved performance, with an 8% higher <i>R</i>² and a 25% lower rRMSE than the DNN model without TEMPO. The more significant improvement was seen during high smoke events using the TEMPO data. For the first time, we demonstrate the use of TEMPO L1b spectrally resolved radiances data to capture high PM_2.5 concentrations during the wildfire events, enhancing our understanding of PM_2.5 dynamics. This study provides a framework to integrate data from multiple geostationary satellites with HRRR model outputs to estimate surface air quality at high temporal resolution.</p><p >This study provides enhanced PM_2.5 monitoring estimated through deep neural networks, particularly during wildfire events, and supporting public health responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"2 9","pages":"1816–1830"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsestair.4c00365","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling Daily Plume Specific Smoke Concentrations for Health Effects Studies with Estimates of Fire Size, Plume Age, and Fuel Type","authors":"Sam D. Faulstich*,&nbsp;Matthew J. Strickland,&nbsp;Yan Liu,&nbsp;Marcela Loría-Salazar,&nbsp;Xia Sun,&nbsp;Ash B. Cale and Heather A. Holmes,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestair.5c00033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.5c00033","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Inhaling smoke PM_2.5 can lead to acute health effects like asthma and lung irritation, making it essential to estimate smoke exposure on short time scales. Epidemiological studies that assess these effects need daily, fire-specific ground-level PM_2.5 data, and missing emission information can lead to underestimates. This paper presents a method to estimate daily fire-specific PM_2.5 smoke concentrations in the western United States from 2007 to 2019. Our model uses fire characteristics (e.g., fuel type, fire size, and distance) and updated fire emission inputs in an atmospheric dispersion model to simulate where smoke travels and at what concentration. We then apply a Bayesian time-series model to ground-based EPA monitors to isolate the smoke-specific portion of total PM_2.5, accounting for meteorology and season. This approach allows us to assess spatial variation in smoke exposure and investigate the role of fire attributes. For example, Lindon, UT experienced 398 fires with modest average concentrations (∼2 μg m³), while Carson City, NV saw fewer fires (177) but more intense exposures (∼6 μg m³, max 159 μg m³). These contrasts highlight the value of linking fire characteristics to daily exposure in health studies and underscore the need to consider transported smoke in fire management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"2 8","pages":"1509–1523"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144807725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}