ACS ES&T Air最新文献

{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Wildfire Smoke Transport Through Chemical Transport Modeling, Satellite Retrievals, and Ground-Based Observations of Ozone in Rural Nevada","authors":"Yi Ji*,&nbsp;Xiaodan Zhang,&nbsp;Abiola S. Lawal,&nbsp;Heather A. Holmes and Cesunica E. Ivey,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestair.5c00037","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsestair.5c00037","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Wildfires emit a large amount of ozone precursors, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter into the troposphere and sometimes the stratosphere. With the increasing wildfire events in recent years, the western U.S. regions may experience challenges with higher-than-normal air pollution levels during the fire season (June-October). Therefore, determining the ozone enhancement pattern from wildfire smoke is crucial to understanding the influence of wildfire plume transport on a subregional basis. This study investigates the impact of the 2013 Rim Fire on ozone levels in rural Nevada, employing a combination of ground-based monitors, satellite remote sensing, and atmospheric modeling. The research focuses on understanding how wildfire smoke affects ozone concentrations in the downwind regions. Findings indicate significant ozone enhancements on smoke days compared to nonsmoke days, highlighting the contribution of wildfire emissions to regional air quality deterioration. The study demonstrates that the chemical transport model underestimated ozone levels downwind of wildfire plumes, likely due to uncertainties in smoke emissions estimates and differences in chemical mechanisms across model versions. Satellite observations of nitrogen dioxide and formaldehyde underline the link between wildfire emissions and increased ozone production. The comprehensive approach combining ground-based monitoring, remote sensing, and advanced modeling provides deeper insights into the dynamics of wildfire smoke and its effects on air quality, emphasizing the need for integrated strategies to manage the impacts of wildfires on regional air quality.</p><p >This study reveals wildfire smoke significantly elevated ozone levels in downwind areas, with models underestimating impacts. Integrated monitoring, remote sensing data, and modeling underscore the need for improved wildfire emission representation.</p>","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"2 7","pages":"1237–1248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12261271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144651770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brown Carbon Light Absorption over India: Research Status and Need for Discerning Climate Impacts","authors":"Chimurkar Navinya,&nbsp;Taveen Singh Kapoor,&nbsp;Chandra Venkataraman*,&nbsp;Harish C. Phuleria and Rajan K. Chakrabarty*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestair.5c00010","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsestair.5c00010","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Brown carbon (BrC) absorbs solar radiation and influences the regional and global climate. A major pollutant in India, BrC absorption has received reasonable research attention, with studies focusing on spatial-temporal variability and emission sources. By synthesizing the available literature, this paper presents the current research status on the topic and identifies gaps that need to be addressed to better understand the climate impacts of BrC in India. In terms of the measurement of BrC light absorption, we find that the solvent extraction technique is the most commonly used, followed by the Ångström exponent extrapolation and the component subtraction techniques. Measurement sites are concentrated in the Indo-Gangetic plains, which show significantly higher absorption levels than other regions. Seasonal variability shows increased absorption during postmonsoon and winter periods, particularly in peninsular India. Though limited in number, studies on emission sources identify biomass burning and vehicular emissions as key contributors. In terms of radiative impact, assessments from the Indo-Gangetic plains suggest that BrC contributes substantially to direct radiative effects, potentially accounting for a net 31–48% warming. Global climate models assign a net forcing of 0.5–2 W m^–2 over India; however, they rely on parametrizations derived from non-Indian locations and sources, which may not accurately represent BrC over India. Overall, expanded spatial coverage, diverse source characterization, and improved radiative effect estimations are key to decoding BrC’s climate impact in India and globally.</p><p >Brown carbon aerosols are abundant over India and likely influence the climate. This perspective reviews their sources and spatiotemporal variability, highlighting key gaps and priorities for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"2 7","pages":"1115–1135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12261281/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144651771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hygroscopicity and Phase Transformations of Internally Mixed Organic–Inorganic Proxies of Biomass Burning Aerosol","authors":"Prakriti Singh,&nbsp;Malsha Amugoda and James F. Davies*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestair.5c00042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.5c00042","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Biomass burning (BB) is a major source of atmospheric aerosols through both direct emissions and the secondary formation of particles. In addition to releasing large amounts of organic compounds in both the gas and particle phases, biomass burning plumes also emit inorganic species. Potassium salts are directly emitted, while ammonium salts can form due to reactions with ammonia. Aerosol particles formed from biomass burning are therefore a complex internal mixture of organic molecules and inorganic components. The molecular interactions between these species and water dictate the hygroscopic growth and phase behavior of the aerosol. In this work, we explore the hygroscopic growth and phase behavior for a series of mixed particles containing common water-soluble biomass burning compounds, phthalic acid, 4-nitrocatechol, and levoglucosan, and salts, potassium chloride, ammonium sulfate, sodium chloride, and potassium sulfate. These measurements were carried out using a linear quadrupole electrodynamic balance (LQ-EDB) coupled with Mie resonance spectroscopy to probe single particles as a function of the relative humidity. The morphology of these samples was observed to span from well-mixed aqueous solutions to fully effloresced particles with a variety of phase-separated states identified in between. From light scattering and hygroscopic growth measurements, we infer the phase of the particles under atmospherically relevant conditions and report the onset of phase transitions. We break down the contributions of individual components to the hygroscopicity using the Zdanovskii–Stokes–Robinson relation and compare these to predictions from a semiempirical thermodynamic model (AIOMFAC). For fully deliquesced particles, the predictions generally agree with observations, while particles that have undergone phase transitions show the largest deviations. Overall, this work highlights the limitations of assuming that BB particles are well-mixed and provides important physicochemical data to predict and interpret the humidity response of the BB aerosol.</p>","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"2 7","pages":"1249–1258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144808397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating the Impact of Wildfire Molecular Tracers on Nitrous Acid (HONO) Production from Aqueous Nitrate Photochemistry","authors":"Karla Rojas García,&nbsp;Alicia M. Krueger,&nbsp;Abril D. Montaño Medina,&nbsp;Aida G. Velasco Ortiz,&nbsp;Juan G. Navea and Vicki H. Grassian*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestair.5c00052","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsestair.5c00052","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Nitrous acid (HONO), a gaseous tropospheric pollutant, significantly influences the oxidative potential of the atmosphere as a major source of hydroxyl radicals (•OH). Recently, HONO has been identified as a primary and secondary product of wildfire smoke, yet mechanisms for its formation are poorly understood. In this study, wildfire-emitted organic compounds, such as levoglucosan (LG), syringic acid (SA), and vanillic acid (VA), were studied to investigate their impact on HONO production from aqueous nitrate photochemistry. The presence of SA and VA increased gas-phase HONO yields by 3- and 5-fold, respectively, while LG increased HONO production the most, 6-fold. Furthermore, a nonlinear relationship between HONO and LG concentration was found. Aqueous nitrate samples exposed to lower concentrations of LG were shown to produce an LG-derived carbonyl compound, whereas the samples exposed to a higher LG concentration resulted in an LG dimer. The mechanisms as to how these differences in products affect HONO enhancement are discussed. Gas-phase HONO yields were quantified using incoherent broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBCEAS), and identification of any condensed phase products from aqueous nitrate samples was done by high resolution mass spectrometry. Studying nitrate photochemistry in the presence of wildfire-emitted organic compounds can potentially minimize the knowledge gap on the observed high concentrations of gaseous HONO formation during biomass burning events.</p><p >The current understanding of gas-phase HONO formation from wildfire smoke is limited and does not take smoke plume products into account. This study shows how wildfire-emitted organic compounds greatly enhance gas-phase HONO production.</p>","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"2 7","pages":"1259–1270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12262557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144651774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of Large Wildfire Events and Burn Severity Classes to Air Pollution in California in 2018","authors":"Claire Bekker,&nbsp;Martha Salazar,&nbsp;Jason Su,&nbsp;Diane Garcia-Gonzales,&nbsp;Michael Jerrett,&nbsp;Rachel Connolly,&nbsp;Daniel Cusworth,&nbsp;Qingqing Xu and Miriam E. Marlier*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestair.4c00226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.4c00226","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Wildfire smoke represents a growing threat to air quality and public health. The newly available Wildfire Burn Severity and Emissions inventory (WBSE) provides emissions estimates for individual large wildfires in California at a finer spatial resolution and for a longer historical record than global inventories. For the 2018 wildfire season, we utilized daily emissions from WBSE and the Fire INventory from NCAR (FINNv2.5) with atmospheric modeling to simulate fire-derived fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) concentrations at 16 California receptors. Simulated concentrations with WBSE and FINNv2.5 were significantly correlated with station observations at 11 receptors, but the strength of correlations varied. We leveraged WBSE’s event-based framework and burn severity classification to quantify contributions of individual wildfires and burn severity classes to fire-derived PM_2.5 pollution. We found that the top ten largest fires in our modeling period accounted for nearly all fire-derived PM_2.5 pollution at our receptors. Most fire-derived PM_2.5 came from moderate or high severity burned areas. Multiple fires contributed to almost all poor air quality days, and all had contributions from 3 to 4 burn severity classes. WBSE is a promising open-source inventory for event-based emissions and multiple emission scenarios for future climate change and land management.</p><p >A new wildfire emissions inventory is applied to atmospheric modeling and compared with station observations. With the inventory’s novel event-based framework and burn severity data, we found that the top ten wildfires, mainly the top two, and the moderate and high severity burned areas accounted for most air pollution at our receptors for the 2018 California wildfire season.</p>","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"2 7","pages":"1148–1160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsestair.4c00226","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144808264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Oxidative Potential and In Vitro Toxicity of Ambient Water-Soluble PM10 in an Eastern Mediterranean Site","authors":"Zheng Fang,&nbsp;Alexandra Lai,&nbsp;Eli Windwer,&nbsp;Michal Pardo,&nbsp;Chunlin Li,&nbsp;Ajith Thenoor Chandran,&nbsp;Alexander Laskin and Yinon Rudich*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestair.5c00085","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsestair.5c00085","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this study, the acellular dithiothreitol (DTT) assay, the <i>in vitro</i> cellular DCFH-DA assay on human lung epithelial cells, and gene expression measurements were used to assess the toxicity of water-soluble (WS) PM₁₀ relating to reactive oxygen species (ROS) in summer at an Eastern Mediterranean urban site. Large influences from anthropogenic sources on health risks were observed with acellular and cellular assays. Anthropogenic biomass burning (BB) and natural dust events increased human pulmonary exposure to the oxidative potential (OP_dose,T) of WS-PM₁₀ by 209 and 47%, respectively, compared to regular periods. OP_v^DTT and ROS_v results were positively correlated in anthropogenic-dominant samples, while showed no significant correlation in the remaining samples. As a result, the BB and dust event had higher and lower levels of cellular ROS_v compared with the nonevent period, respectively. Source apportionment results suggest that specific organic contents (e.g., PAHs) had relatively low contents in samples less influenced by anthropogenic sources, possibly explaining the divergence in acellular and cellular results. Heavy metals were dominant contributors of OP_v^DTT throughout the campaign, and a Chelex method is recommended over a EDTA method for quantification of their summed OP_v^DTT.</p><p >Water-soluble particulate matter from anthropogenic biomass burning has a greater potential to induce oxidative stress than mineral dust storms when the human body is exposed to polluted air.</p>","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"2 7","pages":"1326–1338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12261277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144651776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"Emily Barnes Franklin*,&nbsp;Amanda Wheeler,&nbsp;Jason Ward,&nbsp;Caleb Mynard,&nbsp;Dylan Lynton,&nbsp;Ruhi Humphries,&nbsp;James Harnwell,&nbsp;Vinay Menon,&nbsp;Jason Monty,&nbsp;Michelle Delaire,&nbsp;Suman Majumdar,&nbsp;Simon Joosten,&nbsp;Lidia Morawska and Erin Dunne*,&nbsp;","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"2 6","pages":"XXX-XXX XXX-XXX"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsestair.4c00322","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144423790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"Abiola S. Lawal,&nbsp;T. Nash Skipper,&nbsp;Cesunica E. Ivey,&nbsp;Daniel L. Goldberg,&nbsp;Jennifer Kaiser and Armistead G. Russell*,&nbsp;","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"2 6","pages":"XXX-XXX XXX-XXX"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsestair.4c00198","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144423793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"Afsara Tasnia,&nbsp;Guadalupe Lara,&nbsp;Daniel Foster,&nbsp;Deep Sengupta,&nbsp;James D. A. Butler,&nbsp;Thomas W. Kirchstetter,&nbsp;Robert York,&nbsp;Nathan M. Kreisberg,&nbsp;Allen H. Goldstein,&nbsp;John J. Battles and Kelley C. Barsanti*,&nbsp;","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"2 6","pages":"XXX-XXX XXX-XXX"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsestair.4c00142","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144423885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100014,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T Air","volume":"2 6","pages":"XXX-XXX XXX-XXX"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/eav002i006_1947037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144423888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}