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{"title":"CsBPC6-CsNACX2-CsTCS1 Module Positively Regulates Caffeine Biosynthesis Under PEG-Induced Drought Stress in Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis).","authors":"Shiyu Zhang, Zhouzhuoer Chen, Xinzhuan Yao, Shilai Tian, Xiaoqin Zhang, Weilong Kong, Litang Lu","doi":"10.1111/pce.70805","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pce.70805","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Caffeine biosynthesis in tea plants (Camellia sinensis) is dynamically regulated by environmental cues; however, the mechanisms linking early drought signals to caffeine accumulation remain unclear. Here, we show that acute PEG-induced osmotic stress induces rapid caffeine accumulation, accompanied by transcriptional activation of the key biosynthetic gene CsTCS1. Through integrative analyses, including GWAS and co-expression network modeling, we identified a CsBPC6-CsNACX2-CsTCS1 module as a central regulatory hub. Mechanistically, CsNACX2 directly binds the promoter of the caffeine synthase gene CsTCS1, activating its transcription and promoting caffeine accumulation. Moreover, the drought-responsive transcription factor CsBPC6 acts upstream to transactivate CsNACX2. Functional validation using gene silencing and transient overexpression assays confirmed that the CsBPC6-CsNACX2-CsTCS1 module positively regulates caffeine biosynthesis under PEG-induced drought conditions. Collectively, our findings uncover a previously uncharacterized drought-responsive transcriptional module governing caffeine biosynthesis, providing new mechanistic insights into how environmental cues regulate secondary metabolism in tea plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"9054-9069"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148682783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baseline HDL Cholesterol and the Anti-VEGF Injection-Sparing Effect of an SGLT2 Inhibitor in Diabetic Macular Oedema: A Post Hoc Analysis of the COMET Trial.","authors":"Ryoichi Ishibashi, Masaya Koshizaka, Kiichi Hirayama, Toshiki Sakai, Tomoaki Tatsumi, Yoko Takatsuna, Takayuki Baba, Yoshiro Maezawa, Koutaro Yokote","doi":"10.1111/dom.71223","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dom.71223","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":158,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"10891-10894"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148786151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OsGSK2 Phosphorylates Heat Shock Factor OsHSF7 to Regulate Rice Thermotolerance.","authors":"Yapeng Li, Wenxi Chen, Like Lou, Xiaoning Shi, Yanhui Lin, Jingfen Huang, Meng Xing, Yamin Nie, Linan Zhai, Mingchao Zhao, Xiaorong Xiao, Yong Yun, Xiaowei Yan, Funeng Xing, Jiaqiang Sun, Qian Qian, Qingjie Tang, Weihua Qiao, Qingwen Yang","doi":"10.1111/pce.70814","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pce.70814","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"9243-9245"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148710776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-World Adoption of Generative AI for Carbohydrate Counting in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.","authors":"Sandra Goncalves, Charline Ponchateau, Céline Coelho, Lysiane Pretre, Marlène Jarlot, Catherine Ducloux, Alfred Penfornis, Coralie Amadou","doi":"10.1111/dom.71309","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dom.71309","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":158,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"10911-10913"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148910156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Assessment of Abdominal Adiposity and Muscle Strength for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in UK Biobank: A Comprehensive Analysis From Population Cohort to Multi-Omics Molecular Exploration.","authors":"Jie Luo, Yin Wang, Zhaofu Tan, Genlong Bai, Lifu Sun, Yuting Liu, Ruolin Li, Jiaxing Ke, Jingbo Zhang","doi":"10.1111/dom.71278","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dom.71278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Waist circumference (WC) and grip strength (GS) are independently associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. However, their joint impact remains insufficiently explored. This study aimed to investigate the association between WC, GS and ASCVD risk and to explore the underlying mediating factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study included 271 061 UK Biobank participants. WC was categorised using World Health Organization sex-specific thresholds and GS was categorised into age- and sex-specific tertiles. Cox models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Additive interaction was assessed using the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion (AP) and synergy index (SI). Multiple sensitivity and exploratory mediation analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median follow-up of 14.8 years, 27 189 participants developed ASCVD. High WC and low GS were associated with higher ASCVD risk than their respective reference groups, with HRs of 1.35 (95% CI 1.31-1.39) and 1.14 (95% CI 1.11-1.17), respectively. Participants with both high WC and low GS had the highest risk (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.46-1.61), with evidence of additive interaction (RERI 0.11, 95% CI 0.03-0.19, AP 7.04%, 95% CI 1.67%-12.41%, SI 1.26, 95% CI 1.01-1.50). Results were consistent across sensitivity analyses. Exploratory mediation analyses identified shared metabolite and protein mediators and implicated inflammatory, immune, metabolic and vascular remodelling pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher WC and lower GS were independently and jointly associated with incident ASCVD. Their combination identified the highest-risk group and showed modest additive interaction. Exploratory multi-omics analyses identified shared inflammatory and metabolic mediators that may partly underlie these associations, highlighting the value of integrating simple physical measures with molecular signatures for improved ASCVD risk characterisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":158,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"10513-10525"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148816729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Soybean vs. Palm Oils Differ in Effects on Liver Fat in Adults With MAFLD: A 16-Week, Double-Masked, Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Martha A Belury, Rachel M Cole, Ai Ni, Arunark Kolipaka, Manjunathan Nanjappa, Kristin Thompson, Ali Kalhori, Stephan Zarich, Rolando E Choriego, Rafael Jimenez-Flores, Na Li","doi":"10.1111/dom.71237","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dom.71237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dietary linoleic acid (LA)-rich oils reduce liver fat in healthy adults who are not otherwise undergoing weight loss strategies. Effects on the liver fat in adults with fatty liver disease are unknown.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this randomized double-masked controlled trial was to compare the effects of a dietary soybean oil (SO) which is high in LA vs. palm oil (PO) which is composed of a mixture of saturated, mono- and polyunsaturated fats, on changes of liver fat level in adults with MAFLD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adults with MAFLD were recruited to complete a double-masked, randomized controlled trial consisting of a 2-week run-in period followed by a 16-week dietary intervention. Study foods contained either SO or PO to deliver 30 g oils per day. At week 0 and week 16, liver fat and visceral adipose tissue were measured by ¹H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging and fasting blood was collected for secondary biochemical markers of cardiometabolic disease risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-five adults with MAFLD (mean age ~53 y, BMI 36 kg/m²) completed the study. Overall, there was a significant difference in the change of liver fat between SO and PO groups; however, after adjusting for baseline liver fat the diet group differences were no longer significant (p = 0.14). The direct effect of diet group on the change of liver fat was not mediated by weight change (p = 0.11). For within group change, liver fat tended to decrease in SO group (p = 0.11) and tended to increase in PO group (p = 0.11).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There was no significant difference for the effect of PO over SO on liver fat change when controlling for baseline liver fat or weight change. Larger trials testing dietary strategies that reduce liver fat in adults with MAFLD in the context of weight change are needed.</p><p><strong>Trail registration: </strong>The WELL study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05199948).</p>","PeriodicalId":158,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"10648-10663"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148862828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Use With Cardiovascular Outcomes and Mortality in Japanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Real-World Claims Database Study.","authors":"Masaya Koshizaka, Ryoichi Ishibashi, Tomoki Ishikawa, Kazuo Goda, Jumpei Sato, Masaru Kitsuregawa, Koutaro Yokote, Naohiro Mitsutake","doi":"10.1111/dom.71209","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dom.71209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Large-scale clinical trials have shown multiple effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs); however, similar evidence for Asian patients is limited. Therefore, using a Japanese large-scale claims-based database, the effects of GLP-1RAs on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events including mortality were compared with those of other glucose-lowering agents.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were identified from a claims database of approximately 1.9 million individuals. Those newly prescribed GLP-1RAs between 2014 and 2021 were assigned to the GLP-1RA group, while those initiating other glucose-lowering agents served as controls. The primary outcome was cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events or all-cause mortality. Logistic regression analysis was performed using explanatory variables, and nearest-neighbour propensity score matching was performed between the groups. The period from the initiation of new medication to event occurrence was calculated and analysed using the Cox proportional hazards model, with a maximum follow-up of 38 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 469 461 eligible patients, 2401 received GLP-1RAs and 53 946 were controls. After propensity matching, 2147 patients remained in each group. The median follow-up was 12 months. No significant difference was observed in 3-point major adverse cardiovascular events (3-point MACE) (GLP-1RA, 7.08% (n = 152) versus control, 8.20% (n = 176); hazard ratio (HR), 0.920; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.740-1.143, p = 0.450). However, all-cause mortality was lower in the GLP-1RAs group (5.36% (n = 115) versus 7.36% (n = 158), HR 0.776, 95% CI 0.610-0.987, p = 0.039).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GLP-1RA showed no association with 3-point MACE difference but showed lower all-cause mortality. These findings possibly reflect residual confounding.</p>","PeriodicalId":158,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"10037-10044"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148710611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early-Season Warming Advances Autumn Senescence in Temperate Tree Saplings in Association With Early Growth Dynamics.","authors":"Yann Vitasse, Shilong Ren, Charlotte Grossiord, Matthias Saurer, Yunpeng Luo, Yan-Li Zhang, Zhaofei Wu, Constantin Zohner","doi":"10.1111/pce.70740","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pce.70740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The timing of autumn leaf senescence is driven by external cues such as temperature and photoperiod and is strongly regulated by internal developmental processes. Correlative evidence suggests that earlier budburst and warmer conditions in spring and summer could accelerate development and advance senescence, yet this hypothesis remains largely untested experimentally. We investigated how early-season warming affects growth and senescence timing in three European tree species (Carpinus betulus, Tilia cordata and Acer platanoides). Saplings were grown under ambient or warmed open-top chambers (+5°C) from January to the summer solstice, after which all saplings were maintained under identical conditions. Warming advanced leaf-out by 14-28 days in all species. While height growth was unaffected by warming, radial growth increased significantly in T. cordata and C. betulus. Early signs of senescence (20% leaf discolouration or leaf fall) occurred significantly earlier in saplings exposed to pre-solstice warming in C. betulus (-31 days) and T. cordata (-24 days), with effects weakening but remaining significant at later senescence stages. In contrast, A. platanoides showed no warming-induced changes in growth and senescence timing. Our results suggest that early-season warming can advance autumn senescence, and this response may be associated with species-specific differences in early-season growth dynamics. These findings are consistent with a potential role of growth and carbon dynamics in linking spring conditions to autumn phenology, although the underlying mechanisms remain to be directly tested. Incorporating such developmental processes into vegetation models may improve predictions of growing season changes under climate warming.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"8980-8992"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148676350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tripartite Interaction Between Penicillium pinophilum-Host Plants and CMV-Y: A Model for Endophyte-Mediated Viral Biocontrol.","authors":"Sarah R Ibiang, Ivan Galis, Hideki Kondo, Nobuhiro Suzuki","doi":"10.1111/pce.70741","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pce.70741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant-fungus-virus tripartite interactions represent complex ecological systems in which mutualistic endophytes can influence host physiology, yet the molecular basis of endophyte-mediated defence remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the endophytic fungus Penicillium pinophilum EU0013 suppresses the yellow strain of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-Y) in Solanum lycopersicum and Nicotiana benthamiana. CMV-Y infection induced pronounced oxidative and hormonal perturbations, which were mitigated by P. pinophilum colonisation. Endophyte-associated plants exhibited early accumulation of jasmonate intermediates, consistent with the activation of jasmonate signalling. This response promoted the degradation of jasmonate-ZIM-domain proteins and release of core JA-responsive transcription factors. Virus-induced gene silencing identified MYC2 as a key regulator required for endophyte-mediated antiviral protection, with WRKY17 contributing to defence modulation. In parallel, transcriptome analysis revealed the upregulation of a Dicer-like gene, indicating enhanced engagement of RNA silencing, a primary antiviral mechanism targeting viral RNA. This coordinated activation occurred alongside significant induction of pathogenesis-related proteins, particularly PR9, and improved control of reactive oxygen species. Salicylic acid-responsive defences showed a host-modulated pattern, with PR1 induced by CMV and PR2/PR5 preferentially enhanced in endophyte-associated plants. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that P. pinophilum enhances antiviral immunity through coordinated defence integration pathways, providing a framework for endophyte-based viral disease management.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"8521-8539"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148468005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Atmospheric CO₂ Levels on the Susceptibility of Maize to Diverse Pathogens.","authors":"Ekkachai Khwanbua, Yunhui Qi, John Ssengo, Peng Liu, Michelle A Graham, Steven A Whitham","doi":"10.1111/pce.70782","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pce.70782","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rising atmospheric CO₂ has significant implications for crop productivity and food security. Based on studies in C3 plants, elevated CO₂ (eCO₂) can shape plant-pathogen interactions, although the outcomes are often variable. The question of how eCO₂ influences immunity and disease development in C4 plants, such as the globally important cereal crop maize (Zea mays L.), has not been systematically examined. We challenged maize plants grown under ambient CO₂ (aCO₂, 420 ppm) and eCO₂ (550 ppm) with bacterial, viral, fungal, and oomycete pathogens. Plants grown in eCO₂ were more susceptible to sugarcane mosaic virus, suggesting compromised antiviral defenses, less susceptible to Clavibacter nebraskensis, Exserohilum turcicum, and Colletotrichum graminicola, and susceptibility to Puccinia sorghi and Pythium sylvaticum was unchanged. Reduced susceptibility to C. nebraskensis was associated with enhanced basal immune responses. These results establish a foundation for dissecting eCO₂-responsive defense mechanisms, and they highlight a critical need to understand how eCO₂ will impact plant responses to microbes, pests, and abiotic stresses under future conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"8828-8850"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646669/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148629054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}