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{"title":"Letter to the Editor Regarding “Differing Impacts of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Leads on Tricuspid Regurgitation”","authors":"Syed Sardar Shah,&nbsp;Ziad Khan,&nbsp;Attiq Ur Rehman,&nbsp;Shah Nawaz,&nbsp;Saleem Jan","doi":"10.1002/joa3.70162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/joa3.70162","url":null,"abstract":"<p>I read with great interest the recent article by Leon, S. A., Austin, M. A., Parikh, C., Ahmad, D., Tchantchaleishvili, V., and Pavri, B. B. titled “Differing impacts of cardiac implantable electronic device leads on tricuspid regurgitation” (<i>Journal of Arrhythmia</i> 2025;41:e70133). Their insights into how different types and positions of CIED leads can affect the heart are truly valuable. I appreciate that they acknowledged the study's limitations, such as relying on a single operator, the retrospective design, and the small number of participants [<span>1</span>]. However, I believe there are a few more points worth considering to fully understand and interpret their findings. I hope that future studies can address these concerns, perhaps through prospective, multicenter designs with standardized imaging and detailed device information, which would really help clarify the actual impact of CIED leads on how the tricuspid valve functions. I commend the authors for their significant contribution to this field and encourage further exploration of this important clinical topic.</p><p>Here are some additional thoughts:</p><p>The ICD group had significantly lower baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and higher rates of right ventricular (RV) dilation and dysfunction compared to the pacemaker groups. These pre-existing structural abnormalities are well-known contributors to functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR) and may complicate the relationship between device lead type and TR progression. Without multivariable adjustment, the worsening TR observed may reflect disease severity rather than lead characteristics [<span>2, 3</span>].</p><p>The broad grouping of devices into ICD, RV-PM, and His-PM overlooks differences in lead design, number of coils, stiffness, and positioning. Different lead models or materials may exert varied mechanical forces on the tricuspid apparatus. A more detailed device-level analysis would provide much clearer conclusions [<span>4</span>].</p><p>TR severity was classified based on echocardiographic reports using qualitative terms (mild, moderate, severe), which are inherently subjective. Current guidelines recommend more precise multiparametric quantification (e.g., vena contracta width, PISA method), which reduces interobserver variability and misclassification bias [<span>5</span>].</p><p>The interval between device implantation and follow-up echocardiography varied significantly from 11 to 47 months. This inconsistency introduces a potential confounding factor from interim clinical events, such as heart failure progression or medication changes, which may influence TR severity independently of the device [<span>6</span>].</p><p>The authors declare no conflicts of interest.</p><p>Leon SA, Austin M, Nasher N et al., “Differing Impacts of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Leads on Tricuspid Regurgitation,” <i>Journal of Arrhythmia</i>, https://doi.org/10.1002/joa3.70133.</p>","PeriodicalId":15174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arrhythmia","volume":"41 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/joa3.70162","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144782766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal-Ligand Cooperation of Ir(III) Catalysts Bearing a β-Protic Pyrazole Chelate in Carboxylative Cyclization of Propargylic Amine with CO₂.","authors":"Yoshihito Kayaki, Yuto Tsuda, Shigeki Kuwata","doi":"10.1002/chem.202502024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202502024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bifunctional iridium complexes having a β-protic C-N chelating pyrazole ligand catalyze the carboxylative cyclization of 1-methylamino-2-butyne under atmospheric CO₂. This reaction affords a five-membered cyclic urethane, along with a six-membered regioisomer. Alkenyliridium(III) complexes as catalytic intermediate models are formed by stoichiometric reaction of related nonprotic pyrazole complexes with 1-methylamino-2-butyne and CO₂ in the presence of Ag₂O, although the protic pyrazole analog is too unstable to be detected. In particular, the isolable N-phenylpyrazole-ligated alkenyliridium(III) complex with a cyclic urethane framework is characterized by X-ray crystallography. The β-protic pyrazole ligand would be capable of accelerating protonolysis of the alkenyl carbon-iridium bond in the key intermediate, releasing the cyclic urethane product, and being responsible for the catalytic function.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e02024"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144787902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuning Electrocatalytic Energy Release in Norbornadiene Based Molecular Solar Thermal Systems Through Substituent Effects.","authors":"Evanie Franz, Nils Oberhof, Daniel Krappmann, Nicolò Baggi, Zarah Hussain, Kasper Moth-Poulsen, Helen Hölzel, Andreas Hirsch, Andreas Dreuw, Olaf Brummel, Jörg Libuda","doi":"10.1002/chem.202502294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202502294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Molecular solar thermal (MOST) systems, such as the norbornadiene/quadricyclane (NBD/QC) pair, combine solar energy conversion, storage, and release in a simple one-molecule process. The energy-releasing reaction QC to NBD can be controlled electrochemically. In this study, we used in-situ photoelectrochemical infrared spectroscopy (PEC-IRRAS) together with density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate how electron donating (EDG) and electron withdrawing (EWG) groups in the push-pull system of the MOST pair affect the electrocatalytic properties of the electrochemically triggered back-conversion. Specifically, we investigated cyano, tosyl, and methyl ester groups as EWGs, and methoxy, dimethylamine, thioether, and diphenylamine groups located in the para-position of a phenyl group as EDGs. We characterized the onset potential, electrochemical stability window, and selectivity. We found that these properties strongly depend on the strength of electron donation of the EDG, as it exclusively locates the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and raises its energy level. We obtained the highest selectivity for compounds with p-methoxyphenyl functionality.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e02294"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144787904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between depressive symptoms and glycemic control is stronger in women with type 2 diabetes in South Asians: Results from a cross-sectional multicenter study.","authors":"Md Kamruzzaman, Jessica A Marathe, Karen L Jones, Matthew A Borg, Michael Horowitz, Scott R Clark, Chinmay S Marathe","doi":"10.1111/jdi.70134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.70134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>While the bidirectional relationship between depression and diabetes is well recognized, the outcome of studies evaluating the potential for sex disparity, especially in low-to-middle-income (LMIC) South Asian countries, is unexplored. We evaluated sex differences in the relationship between depressive symptoms and glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes in Bangladesh.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>1,485 unselected individuals with, and 228 without, type 2 diabetes completed the PHQ-9 (depression screening questionnaire), and sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained. The PHQ-9 scores were categorized as mild (5-10), moderate (10-15), moderately severe (15-20), and severe (≥20) depressive symptoms, with scores ≥10 indicating clinically relevant symptoms. Descriptive statistics and ordinal and binary logistic regression analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In individuals with type 2 diabetes, mean HbA1c was 9.8 ± 0.1%, with no difference between sexes (9.9 ± 0.1% vs 9.7 ± 0.2%, P = 0.39). The overall mean PHQ-9 score was 8.5 ± 0.2, with females exhibiting higher scores (9.5 ± 0.2 vs 7.1 ± 0.2, P < 0.001). Depressive symptoms correlated with older age, lower education level, longer diabetes duration (>5 years: OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1-2.3), suboptimal (HbA1c 7-9%: OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1-3.2), and poorer glycemic control (HbA1c ≥9%: OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.9). Suboptimal (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.1-4.3) or poor (OR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.3-4.9) glycemic control and diabetes duration of 1-5 years (OR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2-3.0) and >5 years (OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.5-3.9) were associated with an increased likelihood of mild-to-severe depressive symptoms in females, but not in males.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The association of depressive symptoms and poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetes in South Asians is stronger in females.</p>","PeriodicalId":190,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144787917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breeding 5.0: Artificial intelligence (AI)-decoded germplasm for accelerated crop innovation.","authors":"Jiayi Fu, Shouzhi Zheng, Longjiang Fan, Xiaoming Zheng, Qian Qian","doi":"10.1111/jipb.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Crop breeding technologies are vital for global food security. While traditional methods have improved yield, stress tolerance, and nutrition, rising challenges such as climate instability, land loss, and pest pressure now demand new solutions. This study introduces the Breeding 5.0 framework, driven by artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics, marking a shift from empirical selection to intelligent systems. Central to this transformation is AI's emerging ability to deeply \"understand germplasm,\" not merely by identifying genetic markers but also by decoding its architecture, plasticity, regulatory logic, and environmental interactions. This germplasm intelligence enables predictive trait modeling, optimized parental design, and targeted selection. We define four technical paradigms enabling this shift: (i) Multimodal data integration to bridge genotype and phenotype; (ii) Omni-simulated environments for virtual performance testing; (iii) Peopleless data capture for scalable precision; and (iv) Expert, explainable AI for biologically grounded decisions. Together, these technologies algorithmically convert germplasm into actionable breeding insights, accelerating the full cycle from ideal plant type design to elite line development. We further propose the \"breeding flywheel,\" a self-reinforcing system that continuously amplifies phenotypic gains and refines breeding strategies, thereby enabling faster and smarter crop improvement to ensure a sustainable food future.</p>","PeriodicalId":195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144787919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum Extracellular Vesicles on Lipid Metabolism in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet.","authors":"Shan-Shan Xu, Chun-Jing Yu, Meng-Yao Qin, Yan Zhang, Jia-Ping Jiang, Wei Liu, Yu Pan, Song Zhang, Xiao-Yu Zhao","doi":"10.1002/mnfr.70183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.70183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This thesis aims to investigate the role of extracellular vesicles of Lactobacillus plantarum (LPEVs) in the regulation of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced disorders of lipid metabolism.We used ultracentrifugation to obtain LPEVs and performed preliminary characterization. After an obese mouse model was established via HFD feeding, LPEVs were used to treat mice with lipid metabolism disorders, and changes in the body weight, blood lipid levels, tissue levels, intestinal flora structure, differential metabolites, and regulation of key signaling pathway genes in these mice were observed. The LPEVs reduced body weight, alleviated aberrant lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses, improved the morphological structure of the ileum, enriched the intestinal flora, influenced the production of metabolites, and regulated genes associated with lipid metabolism in mice.Consequently, LPEVs intervention seems to regulate lipid metabolism disorders by regulating the gut microbiota and improving nutrient absorption, thereby optimizing lipid metabolism, and providing a theoretical basis for future research on the regulation of lipid metabolism by probiotic metabolites.</p>","PeriodicalId":212,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Nutrition & Food Research","volume":" ","pages":"e70183"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144787923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gait Analysis During Paralysis Recovery in a Rat Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury Model","authors":"Misa Toyota,&nbsp;Shion Masuda,&nbsp;Daiki Nohara,&nbsp;Satoru Oba,&nbsp;Mayu Tomomitsu,&nbsp;Momoko Nagai-Tanima,&nbsp;Tomoki Aoyama","doi":"10.1002/jsp2.70102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsp2.70102","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, we aimed to create a rat model of incomplete spinal cord injury and to determine the relationship between muscle tone and gait characteristics during recovery from paralysis. This necessity stems from the need for animal models with motor function dynamics in rehabilitation development for spinal cord injury.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into two groups: Sham and spinal cord injury groups. Three-dimensional gait analysis, Hoffman reflex, Basso-Beatie-Bresnahan score, muscle wet weight, and histological assessment were performed on postoperative days 3, 7, and 14, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The incomplete spinal cord injury model showed paralysis recovery over time at postoperative day 14. At ground contact, the ankle plantar flexion angle was higher in the spinal cord injury group than in the Sham group on postoperative day 3; however, it reduced on postoperative day 14. Nevertheless, the ankle plantar flexion angle on the foot-off phase was significantly higher on postoperative days 3 and 14. The ankle abduction angle in the spinal cord injury group significantly increased over time and was higher than in the Sham group at all time points. Hoffmann reflex results showed that muscle tone was significantly higher in the spinal cord injury group on postoperative day 3 and increased over time. The model's gait was significantly affected by muscle tone changes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The model provides a valuable tool for studying spastic gait and gait changes associated with improvement in paralysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14876,"journal":{"name":"JOR Spine","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsp2.70102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144782180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/dom.15672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.15672","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":158,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism","volume":"27 9","pages":"4619-4620"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dom.15672","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144782275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacillus subtilis 7A Enhances the Nutritional Quality of Velvet Bean (Mucuna pruriens Linn.) Seeds and Potentiates Its Role in the Management of Type II Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Omodele Ibraheem,&nbsp;Pelumi D. Ibikunle,&nbsp;Ruth A. O. Gabriel-Ajobiewe,&nbsp;Olubukola H. Oyeniran,&nbsp;Grace O. Sodipe,&nbsp;Titilope R. Komolafe,&nbsp;Kayode Komolafe,&nbsp;Oluwasogo T. Oyewole,&nbsp;Emmanuel C. Ogwa,&nbsp;Temitope O. Jeje","doi":"10.1111/1750-3841.70446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.70446","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; ABSTRACT&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Velvet bean seed (VBS) is a tropical underutilized legume, though, rich in bioactive nutrients; nonetheless, limited scientific information exists as regards the health benefits, especially when fermented. Hence, the impact of &lt;i&gt;Bacillus subtilis&lt;/i&gt; strain 7A on the nutritional composition and antidiabetic efficacy of fermented VBS (FVBS) at 45°C was investigated. Proximate analyses, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry–flame ionization detector (GC–MS–FID) profiling of phytochemicals, and in vitro antioxidants potentials of VBS and FVBS were determined using established protocols. Diabetes was induced via intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (35 mg/kg) in Wistar rats, and animals with blood glucose ≥200 mg/dL, which were diabetic, were treated with high-fat diet (HFD) containing varied proportions of FVBS (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) and HFD+ metformin (100 mg/kg) for 21 days. Hematological, lipid profiling, and enzymatic analyses were evaluated in pancreas, small intestine, liver, lungs, and kidneys of the animals. &lt;i&gt;B. subtilis&lt;/i&gt; 7A significantly improved proximate contents of VBS by increasing crude protein (23.31%) and total lipid (2.38%) and reducing carbohydrate (18.77%) and calorific value (778.87 kJ/100 g), among others. Furthermore, GC–MS–FID characterization revealed that FVBS has 14 more bioactive compounds, when compared with VBS. Moreover, FVBS showed comparable antioxidant capacities with VBS; however, in FVBS, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and Fe&lt;sup&gt;3+&lt;/sup&gt; reducing potential were 23.03 µmol TEAC/g and 20.45 mg AAE/g, respectively, higher than VBS. Animals feed with FVBS revealed appreciable improvements in their hematological indices and inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, lipase, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-COA) reductase, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activities across the experimental groups compared to STZ group. This, therefore, suggests that FVBS could serve as functional food with enhanced nutritional capabilities having anti-TIIDM potentials.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Practical Applications&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This study investigated the fermentative roles of &lt;i&gt;Bacillus subtilis&lt;/i&gt; 7A on velvet bean seeds (VBSs) to enhance their nutritional qualities and targeted at addressing Type II diabetes mellitus (TIIDM). Fermented VBS (FVBS) could be employed towards management of TIIDM by serving as a food product or incorporated into other food products like confectionaries and milk, or as a base for fermentation and production of other nutraceuticals. VBS is highly economical when compared to other expensive commonly consumed legumes, like cowpeas; hence, more research attention to underutilized legumes is encouraged to gear up their consumption, medicinal a","PeriodicalId":193,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Science","volume":"90 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144782356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacillus subtilis 7A Enhances the Nutritional Quality of Velvet Bean (Mucuna pruriens Linn.) Seeds and Potentiates Its Role in the Management of Type II Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Omodele Ibraheem,&nbsp;Pelumi D. Ibikunle,&nbsp;Ruth A. O. Gabriel-Ajobiewe,&nbsp;Olubukola H. Oyeniran,&nbsp;Grace O. Sodipe,&nbsp;Titilope R. Komolafe,&nbsp;Kayode Komolafe,&nbsp;Oluwasogo T. Oyewole,&nbsp;Emmanuel C. Ogwa,&nbsp;Temitope O. Jeje","doi":"10.1111/1750-3841.70446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.70446","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; ABSTRACT&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Velvet bean seed (VBS) is a tropical underutilized legume, though, rich in bioactive nutrients; nonetheless, limited scientific information exists as regards the health benefits, especially when fermented. Hence, the impact of &lt;i&gt;Bacillus subtilis&lt;/i&gt; strain 7A on the nutritional composition and antidiabetic efficacy of fermented VBS (FVBS) at 45°C was investigated. Proximate analyses, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry–flame ionization detector (GC–MS–FID) profiling of phytochemicals, and in vitro antioxidants potentials of VBS and FVBS were determined using established protocols. Diabetes was induced via intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (35 mg/kg) in Wistar rats, and animals with blood glucose ≥200 mg/dL, which were diabetic, were treated with high-fat diet (HFD) containing varied proportions of FVBS (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) and HFD+ metformin (100 mg/kg) for 21 days. Hematological, lipid profiling, and enzymatic analyses were evaluated in pancreas, small intestine, liver, lungs, and kidneys of the animals. &lt;i&gt;B. subtilis&lt;/i&gt; 7A significantly improved proximate contents of VBS by increasing crude protein (23.31%) and total lipid (2.38%) and reducing carbohydrate (18.77%) and calorific value (778.87 kJ/100 g), among others. Furthermore, GC–MS–FID characterization revealed that FVBS has 14 more bioactive compounds, when compared with VBS. Moreover, FVBS showed comparable antioxidant capacities with VBS; however, in FVBS, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and Fe&lt;sup&gt;3+&lt;/sup&gt; reducing potential were 23.03 µmol TEAC/g and 20.45 mg AAE/g, respectively, higher than VBS. Animals feed with FVBS revealed appreciable improvements in their hematological indices and inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, lipase, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-COA) reductase, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activities across the experimental groups compared to STZ group. This, therefore, suggests that FVBS could serve as functional food with enhanced nutritional capabilities having anti-TIIDM potentials.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Practical Applications&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This study investigated the fermentative roles of &lt;i&gt;Bacillus subtilis&lt;/i&gt; 7A on velvet bean seeds (VBSs) to enhance their nutritional qualities and targeted at addressing Type II diabetes mellitus (TIIDM). Fermented VBS (FVBS) could be employed towards management of TIIDM by serving as a food product or incorporated into other food products like confectionaries and milk, or as a base for fermentation and production of other nutraceuticals. VBS is highly economical when compared to other expensive commonly consumed legumes, like cowpeas; hence, more research attention to underutilized legumes is encouraged to gear up their consumption, medicinal a","PeriodicalId":193,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Science","volume":"90 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144782362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}