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{"title":"Non-clinical and first-in-human characterization of ECC5004/AZD5004, a novel once-daily, oral small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist.","authors":"Amina Z Haggag, Jianfeng Xu, Laurie Butcher, Sandra Pagnussat, Graeme Davies, Sara Lundqvist, Wenyu Wang, Natalie Van Zuydam, Karin Nelander, Aruni Jha, Hongtao Yu, Alessandro Boianelli, Bosse Lindmark, Anna Ollerstam, Xuefeng Sun, Fan Wang, Xiaoliang Pan, Haihui Liu, Wengang Chen, Jianfeng Xu, Kristina Wallenius, Jingye Zhou","doi":"10.1111/dom.16047","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dom.16047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are proven therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and overweight or obesity. We performed non-clinical and first-in-human (FIH) evaluation of ECC5004/AZD5004, an oral small-molecule GLP-1 RA.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>ECC5004 was profiled in cell lines overexpressing human GLP-1R, in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) assays in a human β-cell line and non-human primates (NHPs). To evaluate safety, ECC5004 was orally administered to NHPs for 9 months and a phase I, double-blind, placebo-controlled FIH study was conducted. This study evaluated single doses of ECC5004 (1-300 mg) in healthy volunteers, and multiple daily doses (5, 10, 30 and 50 mg) in patients with T2DM for 28 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ECC5004 bound to the hGLP-1R (IC₅₀ = 2.4 nM) augmented cAMP signalling without β-arrestin-2 recruitment or receptor internalization. ECC5004 potentiated GSIS in both EndoC-βH5 cells (EC₅₀ = 5.9 nM) and in vivo in NHPs (EC₅₀ = 0.022 nM). Dose-dependent body weight changes compared to control were seen in the 9-month NHP toxicity study. In the first-in-human study, ECC5004 was well tolerated with no serious adverse events. Dose-dependent reductions in glucose and body weight were observed with a dose-proportional exposure at doses ≥25 mg.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ECC5004 engaged the GLP-1R across the therapeutic dose range tested and had a safety and tolerability profile consistent with other GLP-1 RAs, along with a pharmacokinetic profile compatible with once-daily oral dosing. These data support continued development of ECC5004 as a potential therapy for T2DM and overweight or obesity.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>NCT05654831.</p>","PeriodicalId":158,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"551-562"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142566867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One or two? Comparison of the cardiorenal effects between combination therapy and monotherapy with SGLT2i or GLP1RA.","authors":"Mengqing Zhang, Chu Lin, Xiaoling Cai, Ruoyang Jiao, Shuzhen Bai, Zonglin Li, Fang Lv, Wenjia Yang, Geling Liu, Xiaolin Yang, Linong Ji","doi":"10.1111/dom.16078","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dom.16078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the cardiorenal effect of combining sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) when compared with monotherapy of either agent in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Clinicaltrial.gov were systematically searched from inception to June 2024. Eligible studies included randomised controlled trials and observational studies assessing that compared with SGLT2i or GLP-1RA monotherapy, the risk of cardiorenal outcomes in patients with T2D who treated with combination therapy. Pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed in random-effects model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In all, five RCTs, 10 post hoc analyses and one observational study were included. The reduced risk of the composite cardiovascular outcome was observed in patients receiving combination therapy of SGLT2i and GLP-1RA when compared with SGLT2i monotherapy (RR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.38-0.86, p = 0.008) or GLP-1RA monotherapy (RR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.65-0.91, p = 0.002). Likewise, the composite renal adverse events were less frequent in patients receiving combination therapy of SGLT2i and GLP-1RA when compared with SGLT2i monotherapy (RR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.59-0.82, p < 0.001) or GLP-1RA monotherapy (RR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.53-0.83, p < 0.001). Compared with GLP-1RA monotherapy, the combination therapy of SGLT2i and GLP-1RA was associated with lower risks of heart failure-related outcomes (RR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.51-0.77, p < 0.001) and all-cause mortality (RR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.50-0.88, p = 0.004) in patients with T2D.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The cardiorenal benefits might be magnified with the combination therapy of SGLT2i and GLP-1RA when compared with monotherapy of either agent. Further investigations are needed to validate the findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":158,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"806-815"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142680437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prognostic impact of the Stress Hyperglycemia Ratio on End-Stage Renal Disease among patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease.","authors":"Yutong Zou, Qing Yang, Yanlin Lang, Ke Liu, Jiamin Yuan, Jia Yang, Zhonglin Chai, Mark E Cooper, Fang Liu","doi":"10.1111/dom.16056","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dom.16056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Stress Hyperglycemia Ratio (SHR), a new biomarker calculated from glucose and HbA1c levels, has been linked to significant clinical outcomes in diabetes. This study investigates the potential of the SHR to predict End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) among patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 316 participants from the West China Hospital T2DM-DKD cohort (January 2008-September 2020), divided into three SHR tertiles: T1 (SHR <0.7), T2 (SHR ≥0.7 to <0.94) and T3 (SHR ≥0.94). A second retrospective cohort of 625 DKD patients was recruited from Sichuan University Hospital (January 2019-May 2022), with similar inclusion criteria. SHR was analysed using Restricted Cubic Spline, Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models. Key confounders such as eGFR, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and glucose-lowering medications were adjusted for in the analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Cohort 1 (median follow-up 42 months), 38.6% developed ESRD. Kaplan-Meier curves showed a higher incidence of ESRD in the lowest and highest SHR tertiles compared to the middle group (p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis confirmed that SHR <0.7 (HR 1.71, 95% CI: 1.01-2.90) and SHR ≥0.94 (HR 1.93, 95% CI: 1.16-3.20) were significantly associated with ESRD. In Cohort 2 (median follow-up 18.6 months), patients with SHR <0.7 and ≥0.94 had significantly higher risks of ≥30% eGFR decline or ESRD, with adjusted HRs of 2.18 (95% CI: 1.15-4.11) and 2.68 (95% CI: 1.38-5.23), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study observed a U-shaped relationship between SHR and ESRD in patients with DKD. Both very high and very low SHR values correlate with increased risks, highlighting the critical importance of glucose management in chronic diabetes care.</p>","PeriodicalId":158,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"629-641"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142680439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network Mendelian randomisation analysis deciphers protein pathways linking type 2 diabetes and gastrointestinal disease.","authors":"Jiawei Geng, Xixian Ruan, Xing Wu, Xuejie Chen, Tian Fu, Dipender Gill, Stephen Burgess, Jie Chen, Jonas F Ludvigsson, Susanna C Larsson, Xue Li, Zhongyan Du, Shuai Yuan","doi":"10.1111/dom.16087","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dom.16087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The molecular mechanisms underlying the association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and gastrointestinal (GI) disease are unclear. To identify protein pathways, we conducted a two-stage network Mendelian randomisation (MR) study.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Genetic instruments for T2D were obtained from a large-scale summary-level genome-wide meta-analysis. Genetic associations with blood protein levels were obtained from three genome-wide association studies on plasma proteins (i.e. the deCODE study as the discovery and the UKB-PPP and Fenland studies as the replication). Summary-level data on 10 GI diseases were derived from genome-wide meta-analysis of the UK Biobank and FinnGen. MR and colocalisation analyses were performed. Pathways were constructed according to the directionality of total and indirect effects, and corresponding proportional mediation was estimated. Druggability assessments were conducted across four databases to prioritise protein mediators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Genetic liability to T2D was associated with 69 proteins in the discovery protein dataset after multiple testing corrections. All associations were replicated at the nominal significance level. Among T2D-associated proteins, genetically predicted levels of nine proteins were associated with at least one of the GI diseases. Genetically predicted levels of SULT2A1 (odds ratio = 1.98, 95% CI 1.80-2.18), and ADH1B (odds ratio = 2.05, 95% CI 1.43-2.94) were associated with cholelithiasis and cirrhosis respectively. SULT2A1 and cholelithiasis (PH4 = 0.996) and ADH1B and cirrhosis (PH4 = 0.931) have strong colocalisation support, accounting for the mediation proportion of 72.8% (95% CI 45.7-99.9) and 42.9% (95% CI 15.5-70.4) respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study identified some proteins mediating T2D-GI disease associations, which provided biological insights into the underlying pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":158,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"866-875"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7617254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142724345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of dapagliflozin on renal haemodynamics in hyperfiltering T2D patients.","authors":"Eugenio Cersosimo, Qin YueJuan, Gozde Baskoy, Alberto Chavez, Maryam Barkhordarian, Andrea Hansis-Diarte, Curtis Triplitt, Ralph A DeFronzo","doi":"10.1111/dom.16094","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dom.16094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To investigate the effect of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor [SGLT-2i] therapy on renal haemodynamics in T2D patients with glomerular hyperfiltration.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sixty T2D patients with elevated [HYPER] and normal [NORMO] GFR were randomized to dapagliflozin 10 mg/day [DAPA/HYPER, n = 15; DAPA/NORMO, n = 15] or to metformin/glipizide [CONTROL/HYPER, n = 15; CONTROL/NORMO, n = 15] to reach similar glycaemic control after 4 months. GFR was measured with Iohexol and hyperfiltration was empirically defined as >125 mL/min/1.73 m². GFR, renal plasma flow [RPF], mean arterial pressure [MAP], filtration fraction [FF], and renal vascular resistance [RVR] were determined before/after therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HbA1c decreased similarly in all 4 groups. GFR declined by ~18% in DAPA/HYPER and by ~7% in DAPA/NORMO and did not change in CONTROLS (p < 0.05 vs. DAPA). RPF remained unchanged in all four groups. Thus, FF (%) declined from 0.23 ± 0.01 to 0.18 ± 0.01 in DAPA/HYPER and from 0.17 ± 0.01 to 0.15 ± 0.01 in DAPA/NORMO and remained unchanged in CONTROLS (p < 0.05 vs. DAPA). MAP (mmHg) decreased from 95.4 ± 1.4 to 88.1 ± 1.3 in DAPA/HYPER and from 95.6 ± 1.3 to 91.8 ± 0.8 in DAPA/NORMO and remained unchanged in CONTROLS (p < 0.05 vs. DAPA). RVR [mmHg/L/min] declined in DAPA/HYPER (92.7 ± 7.8 to 80.4 ± 6.1) and DAPA/NORMO (90.1 ± 3.0 to 81.4 ± 2.1) but not in CONTROLS (p < 0.05 vs. DAPA).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite comparable glycaemic control, dapagliflozin treatment, but not metformin and /or glipizide, reduced glomerular hyperfiltration in T2D patients and decreased both filtration fraction and renal vascular resistance. These findings suggest that a post-glomerular vasodilatory action of SGLT2 inhibitors contributes to their renal protective effect in T2D.</p>","PeriodicalId":158,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"944-952"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142737853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosocial outcomes in a diverse sample of youth and their families who initiated continuous glucose monitoring within the first year of type 1 diabetes diagnosis.","authors":"Ananta Addala, Victor Ritter, Aika K Schneider-Utaka, Selma A Alamarie, Erica Pang, Ilenia Balistreri, Blake Shaw, Franziska K Bishop, Dessi P Zaharieva, Priya Prahalad, Manisha Desai, David M Maahs, Korey K Hood","doi":"10.1111/dom.16093","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dom.16093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Psychosocial impacts of early continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) initiation in youth soon after type 1 diabetes diagnosis are underexplored. We report parent/guardian and youth patient-reported outcomes (PROs) that measure psychosocial states for families in 4T Study 1.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Of the 133 families in the 4T Study 1, 132 parent/guardian and 66 youth (≥11 years) were eligible to complete PROs. PROs evaluated included diabetes distress, global health, diabetes technology attitudes and CGM benefits/burden scales. Temporal trends of PROs were assessed via generalised linear mixed effects regression. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with PROs were evaluated. Psychosocial associations were evaluated by regressing parental distress on youth distress.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PRO completion rates were 85.6% and varied between parent/guardian and youth. Throughout the study, parent/guardian and youth distress remained low and youth had increased technology acceptance (p = 0.046). Each additional month of CGM use was associated with a 14% decrease in the odds of experiencing diabetes distress (aOR = 0.86, 95% CI [0.76, 0.99], p = 0.029). Additionally, higher time-in-range was associated with decreased diabetes distress (p = 0.048). Age, diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis, gender, ethnicity, insurance status and language spoken were not associated with PROs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Initiation of CGM shortly after type 1 diabetes diagnosis does not have unintended negative psychological consequences. Longer duration of CGM use was associated with decreased youth distress and technology acceptance increased throughout the study.</p>","PeriodicalId":158,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"933-943"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142737880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intermittent fasting for weight management and metabolic health: An updated comprehensive umbrella review of health outcomes.","authors":"Zixin Hua, Siyu Yang, Jiqian Li, Yiqi Sun, Yin Liao, Siyang Song, Sheng Cheng, Zhe Li, Ze Li, Dandan Li, Heng Guo, Hongge Yang, Yingming Zheng, Xingang Li","doi":"10.1111/dom.16092","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dom.16092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To provide an updated comprehensive evaluation of the quality and evidence association of existing studies on health outcomes related to intermittent fasting (IF).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases, covering literature up to June 2024. Meta-analyses and systematic reviews that include adult populations and quantitatively analyse health outcomes related to IF interventional studies are included. For evidence with complete data, we reanalyzed health evidence effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals using random-effects models. Article quality and the certainty of the evidence were graded using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR-2), Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system, and a standardized credibility grading system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve meta-analysis studies and 122 health outcome associations with IF were identified. High-quality evidence indicated significant associations between time-restricted eating (TRE) and weight loss, fat mass reduction, decreased fasting insulin and glycosylated haemoglobin levels in overweight or obese adults, as well as between the 5:2 diet and reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Moderate-to-low-quality evidence suggested associations between modified alternate-day fasting and improvements in body weight, lipid profile and blood pressure. Additionally, high-to-low-quality evidence showed that IF regimens effectively improved liver health in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This umbrella review highlights IF, especially TRE, as a promising intervention for weight and metabolic health, particularly beneficial for overweight or obese adults. We also highlight the need for further extensive research to understand the long-term effects, individualized IF plans and potential adverse effects of IF in different populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":158,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"920-932"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142764830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trouble on the horizon: anticipating biological invasions through futures thinking.","authors":"Philip E Hulme","doi":"10.1111/brv.13149","DOIUrl":"10.1111/brv.13149","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Anticipating future biosecurity threats to prevent their occurrence is the most cost-effective strategy to manage invasive alien species. Yet, biological invasions are complex, highly uncertain processes. High uncertainty drives decision-making away from strategic preventative measures and towards operational outcomes aimed at post-invasion management. The limited success of preventative measures in curbing biological invasions reflects this short-term mindset and decision-makers should instead apply strategic foresight to imagine futures where biosecurity threats are minimised. Here, four major futures thinking tools (environmental scanning, driver-mapping, horizon scanning, and scenario planning) that describe probable, possible, plausible and preferable futures are assessed in terms of their potential to support both research and policy addressing biological invasions. Environmental scanning involves surveying existing data sources to detect signals of emerging alien species through knowledge of changes in either the likelihood or consequences of biological invasions. Several approaches are widely used for biosecurity including automated scans of digital media, consensus-based expert scoring, and prediction markets. Automated systems can be poor at detecting weak signals because of the large volume of 'noise' they generate while expert scoring relies on prior knowledge and so fails to identify unknown unknowns which is also true of prediction markets that work well for quite specific known risks. Driver-mapping uses expert consensus to identify the political, economic, societal, technological, legislative, and environmental forces shaping the future and is a critical component of strategic foresight that has rarely been applied to biological invasions. Considerable potential exists to extend this approach to develop system maps to identify where biosecurity interventions may be most effective and to explore driver complexes to determine megatrends shaping the future of biological invasions. Horizon scanning is a systematic outlook of potential threats and future developments to detect weak signals of emerging issues that exist at the margins of current thinking. Applications have been strongly focused on emerging issues related to research and technological challenges relevant to biosecurity and invasion science. However, most of these emerging issues are already well known in current-day research. Because horizon scanning is based on expert consensus, it needs to embrace a diversity of cultural, gender, and disciplinary diversity more adequately to ensure participants think intuitively and outside of their own subject boundaries. Scenario planning constructs storylines that describe alternative ways the political, economic, social, technological, legislative, and environmental situation might develop in the future. Biological invasion scenario planning has favoured structured approaches such as standardised archetypes and uncertainty ma","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"461-480"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11718596/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142277502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Process-Based Modelling to Simulate the Effects of Low-Temperature Stress During Pre-Anthesis on the Quality Characteristics of Wheat Grains.","authors":"Wenbin Ji, Raheel Osman, Jifeng Ma, Xingtian Jiang, Longqin Wang, Liujun Xiao, Liang Tang, Weixing Cao, Yan Zhu, Bing Liu, Leilei Liu","doi":"10.1111/pce.15217","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pce.15217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Low temperatures in late spring pose a potential threat to the maintenance of grain yield and quality. Despite the importance of protein and starch in wheat quality, they are often overlooked in models addressing climate change effects. In this study, we conducted multiyear environment-controlled phytotron experiments and observed adverse effects resulting from low-temperature stress (LTS) on plant carbon and nitrogen dynamics, grain protein and starch formation, and sink capacity. We quantified the relationships between low temperature during the jointing and booting stages and plant nitrogen uptake, grain nitrogen accumulation, grain starch accumulation, grain setting, and potential grain weight using source-sink relationship-based methods. The LTS factor was introduced to account for the cultivar-specific to LTS at different growth stages. Compared with the original model, the improved model produced fewer errors when simulating aboveground nitrogen accumulation, grain protein concentration, grain starch concentration, grain starch yield, grain number, and grain weight under LTS, with reductions of 60%, 71%, 73%, 58%, 50% and 65%, respectively. The improvements in the model enhance its mechanism and applicability in assessing short-term successive frost effects on wheat grain quality. Furthermore, when using the improved model, special attention should be given to the low-temperature sensitivity parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1574-1593"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142491693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Residual Activity of Fatty Acyl-CoA Reductase Underlies Thermo-Sensitive Genic Male Sterility in Rice.","authors":"Yi-Chen Wang, Xing-Lu Liu, Zheng Zhang, Lei Zhou, Yan-Fei Zhang, Ben-Shun Zhu, Yan-Ming Yang, Xiang Zhong, Zhen-Xin Su, Pei-Yang Ma, Xue-Hui Huang, Zhong-Nan Yang, Jun Zhu","doi":"10.1111/pce.15230","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pce.15230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photoperiod/thermo-sensitive genic male sterility (P/TGMS) is critical for rice two-line hybrid system. Previous studies showed that slow development of pollen is a general mechanism for sterility-to-fertility conversion of TGMS in Arabidopsis. However, whether this mechanism still exists in rice is unknown. Here, we identified a novel rice TGMS line, ostms16, which exhibits abnormal pollen exine under high temperature and fertility restoration under low temperature. In mutant, a single base mutation of OsTMS16, a fatty acyl-CoA reductase (FAR), reduced its enzyme activity, leading to defective pollen wall. Under high temperature, the mOsTMS16^M549I couldn't provide sufficient protection for the microspores. Under low temperature, the enzyme activity of mOsTMS16^M549I is closer to that of OsTMS16, so that the imperfect exine could still protect microspore development. These results indicated whether the residual enzyme activity in mutant could meet the requirement in different temperature is a determinant factor for fertility conversion of P/TGMS lines. Additionally, we previously found that res2, the mutant of a polygalacturonase for tetrad pectin wall degradation, restored multiple TGMS lines in Arabidopsis. In this study, we proved that the osres2 in rice restored the fertility of ostms16, indicating the slow development is also suitable for the fertility restoration in rice.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"1273-1285"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142491724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}