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{"title":"Non-communicable disease (NCD) risk among people living with HIV in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: evidence from a randomised trial of community-based differentiated service delivery","authors":"Maitreyi Sahu, Adam A. Szpiro, Heidi van Rooyen, Stephen Asiimwe, Maryam Shahmanesh, D. Allen Roberts, Meighan L. Krows, Kombi Sausi, Nsika Sithole, Torin Schaafsma, Jared M. Baeten, Adrienne E. Shapiro, Alastair van Heerden, Ruanne V. Barnabas","doi":"10.1002/jia2.26513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.26513","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As differentiated HIV services provided outside of clinics are scaled up, clients may have fewer interactions with ancillary services for non-communicable disease (NCD) prevention and management traditionally offered within facilities. This study was embedded in the DO ART randomised trial (2016−2019), which demonstrated that community-based differentiated service delivery (DSD) improved HIV viral suppression compared with facility-based care. We assessed NCD risk among men and women living with HIV accessing community-based DSD versus facility-based care in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>First, we described lifestyle and clinical NCD risk among DO ART participants in rural and semi-rural KwaZulu-Natal. Next, we compared clinical NCD risk at 12 months by randomisation arm (community-based DSD vs. facility-based care). Finally, we explored the relationship between 12-month viral suppression and clinical NCD risk, overall and stratified by randomisation arm (i.e. service delivery type).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 1010 participants, the median age was 32 years, 245 (24%) smoked, 229 (23%) had hypertension and 502 (50%) were overweight or obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25). Smoking was more common among men than women (43% vs. 6%, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.001), while overweight/obesity was more common among women than men (65% vs. 34%, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.001). We found no statistically significant association between service delivery type and clinical NCD risk factors at 1 year. We also found no significant associations between viral suppression at 12 months and blood pressure, haemoglobin A1c or smoking. However, virally suppressed clients had higher mean BMI (+0.93 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, <i>p</i> = 0.004) and higher mean cholesterol (+5.79 mg/dl, <i>p</i> = 0.001). These associations were greater in effect size and statistically significant among clients receiving community-based DSD (BMI: <i>p</i> = 0.003; cholesterol: <i>p</i> = 0.001), but smaller and not significant for facility-based care (BMI: <i>p</i> = 0.299; cholesterol: <i>p</i> = 0.448).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Relatively younger adults accessing HIV treatment in South Africa had substantial NCD risk, which differed by gender and may increase with age. Among clients receiving community-based DSD, viral suppression was associated with modestly higher BMI and cholesterol levels. Community-based DSD programmes should consider integrating NCD risk screening and management that addr","PeriodicalId":201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International AIDS Society","volume":"28 S3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jia2.26513","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A prospective cohort study of the SEARCH integrated HIV/hypertension community health worker-led intervention in rural Kenya and Uganda","authors":"Matthew D. Hickey, Asiphas Owaraganise, Sabina Ogachi, Helen Sunday, Colette Aoko, Norton Sang, George Agengo, Jane Kabami, Elijah Kakande, Erick Wafula Mugoma, Josh Schwab, Nicole Sutter, Douglas Black, Anthony Muiru, Gabriel Chamie, Maya L. Petersen, Laura B. Balzer, Elizabeth A. Bukusi, Diane V. Havlir, Moses R. Kamya, James Ayieko","doi":"10.1002/jia2.26500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.26500","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clinic-based hypertension screening and treatment for people with and without HIV depends on consistent clinic engagement. Retention is challenging in rural areas, especially for people with severe hypertension, which typically requires more frequent visits than clinically stable HIV. We hypothesised that Ministry of Health (MoH) community health workers (CHWs) could improve severe hypertension detection and treatment through an integrated hypertension/HIV intervention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In rural Uganda and Kenya, we added HIV testing and a status-neutral hypertension intervention to CHW workflow in an ongoing cluster-randomised population-level study (SEARCH:NCT05768763). Data spans March 2023–August 2024. Trained CHWs screened all adults aged ≥ 40 years in intervention communities for hypertension, referring those with blood pressure (BP) ≥ 140/90 mmHg to MoH HIV/primary care clinics. After initial in-clinic evaluation, adults with BP ≥ 160/100 mmHg were offered choice of clinic-based or telehealth (CHW home visit, clinician telehealth evaluation, medication delivery) follow-up care. Telehealth used a MoH-compatible CHW smartphone app that syncs with electronic clinic records, prompts CHW follow-up visits and facilitates clinician telehealth assessment/medication prescribing. We report hypertension control achieved through the implementation of CHW-supported screening and telehealth and used targeted minimum loss-based estimation to estimate the change in population prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension from baseline to 1 year.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Across eight communities, 198 CHWs measured BP in 14,378/15,879 adults aged ≥ 40 years at baseline (91%) and 13,334/15,879 after 1 year (84%); 55% were female and 19% living with HIV. Estimated population prevalence of BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg decreased from 16.0% at baseline to 6.4% at year 1 (9.6% absolute decrease, 95% CI 8.6%, 10.6%). Among people with HIV aged ≥ 40 years (<i>n</i> = 3036), the prevalence of BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg decreased from 10.5% to 4.7% (5.9% absolute decrease, 95% CI 3.0%, 8.8%). In the subset with BP ≥ 160/100 who enrolled in the intervention (<i>n</i> = 919), 96% received antihypertensive medication, 81% were retained in care at 1 year and 79% achieved BP control; people with HIV (<i>n</i> = 120) had similar retention (80%) and BP control (80%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Within the context of a pragmatic trial, leveraging existing CHWs in an integrated HIV/hypertensio","PeriodicalId":201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International AIDS Society","volume":"28 S3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jia2.26500","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144574080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved SAR Aircraft Detection Algorithm Based on Visual State Space Models","authors":"Yaqiong Wang,&nbsp;Jing Zhang,&nbsp;Yipei Wang,&nbsp;Shiyu Hu,&nbsp;Baoguo Shen,&nbsp;Zhenhua Hou,&nbsp;Wanting Zhou","doi":"10.1049/cvi2.70032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cvi2.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent years, the development of deep learning algorithms has significantly advanced the application of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) aircraft detection in remote sensing and military fields. However, existing methods face a dual dilemma: CNN-based models suffer from insufficient detection accuracy due to limitations in local receptive fields, whereas Transformer-based models improve accuracy by leveraging attention mechanisms but incur significant computational overhead due to their quadratic complexity. This imbalance between accuracy and efficiency severely limits the development of SAR aircraft detection. To address this problem, this paper propose a novel neural network based on state space models (SSM), termed the Mamba SAR detection network (MSAD). Specifically, we design a feature encoding module, MEBlock, that integrates CNN with SSM to enhance global feature modelling capabilities. Meanwhile, the linear computational complexity brought by SSM is superior to that of Transformer architectures, achieving a reduction in computational overhead. Additionally, we propose a context-aware feature fusion module (CAFF) that combines attention mechanisms to achieve adaptive fusion of multi-scale features. Lastly, a lightweight parameter-shared detection head (PSHead) is utilised to effectively reduce redundant parameters through implicit feature interaction. Experiments on the SAR-AirCraft-v1.0 and SADD datasets show that MSAD achieves higher accuracy than existing algorithms, whereas its GFLOPs are 2.7 times smaller than those of the Transformer architecture RT-DETR. These results validate the core role of SSM as an accuracy-efficiency balancer, reflecting MSAD's perceptual capability and performance in SAR aircraft detection in complex environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":56304,"journal":{"name":"IET Computer Vision","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cvi2.70032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144574132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Fetal Plane Classification Accuracy With Data Augmentation Using Diffusion Models","authors":"Yueying Tian,&nbsp;Elif Ucurum,&nbsp;Xudong Han,&nbsp;Rupert Young,&nbsp;Chris Chatwin,&nbsp;Philip Birch","doi":"10.1049/ipr2.70151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ipr2.70151","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ultrasound imaging is widely used in medical diagnosis, especially for fetal health assessment. However, the availability of high-quality annotated ultrasound images is limited, which restricts the training of machine learning models. In this paper, we investigate the use of diffusion models to generate synthetic ultrasound images to improve the performance on fetal plane classification. We train different classifiers first on synthetic images and then fine-tune them with real images. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that incorporating generated images into training pipelines leads to better classification accuracy than training with real images alone. The findings suggest that generating synthetic data using diffusion models can be a valuable tool in overcoming the challenges of data scarcity in ultrasound medical imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":56303,"journal":{"name":"IET Image Processing","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ipr2.70151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144574127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Breast and Female Genital Tract Cancers: Overlooked Potential and Unexplored Frontiers","authors":"Kristijan Skok,&nbsp;Umberto Maccio,&nbsp;Spencer D. Martin,&nbsp;Konstantin Bräutigam","doi":"10.1002/cam4.71023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.71023","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The growing success of cancer immunotherapies has led to significant advances in oncology. However, despite these promising developments, cancer-related mortality remains high for common cancer types such as breast and lower female genital tract cancers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Here, we synthesize recent findings on the prognostic relevance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast, endometrial, tubo-ovarian, and vulvar cancer. Our analysis covers the relationship between TIL counts and density, immune cell subtype combinations, immunotherapy approaches, and patient outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>High TIL infiltration, especially CD8⁺ T-cells, generally correlates with improved outcomes such as in endometrial cancer (especially the <i>POLE</i>-ultramutated subgroup), invasive breast cancer, and ovarian epithelial tumors. However, in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast, elevated TIL counts are linked to a worse prognosis. Ethnicity, the tumor microenvironment (TME), and molecular profiles further complicate the prognostic utility of TILs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>TIL-based therapies have shown potential in personalized immunotherapy, particularly in recurrent, refractory ovarian cancer. Limited research on rarer gynecologic tumors hinders broader clinical applications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":139,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Medicine","volume":"14 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cam4.71023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover Image, Volume 142, Issue 31","authors":"Hajime Kishi,&nbsp;Takemasa Mototsuka,&nbsp;Souta Shigemura,&nbsp;Shunsuke Hayashi,&nbsp;Takeshi Kakibe,&nbsp;Satoshi Matsuda","doi":"10.1002/app.54199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.54199","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cover image is based on the article <i>Effect of Polymerization-Induced Phase Separation on Flame Retardancy of Cyanate Ester/Polyethersulfone Blends and Thermal Conductivity of Composites With Graphite Fillers</i> by Hajime Kishi et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/app.57266.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 31","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/app.54199","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Single-Side Deafness on Listening Effort: A Prospective Comparative Study","authors":"Wenwen Su,&nbsp;Yuqi Xia,&nbsp;Caifeng Xia,&nbsp;Yue Zhang,&nbsp;Yanmei Zhang,&nbsp;Yuhe Liu","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70185","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Single-sided deafness (SSD) impairs sound source localization and speech recognition in noisy environments, requiring greater listening effort from affected individuals. Using pupillometry, this study aimed to investigate listening effort across two cognitive dimensions: selective attention and working memory in patients with SSD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty-six participants were divided into a unilateral deafness (SSD) group and a normal hearing (NH) group. They completed two tests involving word and sentence recognition tasks, with accuracy and pupil diameter changes serving as indicators of listening effort and cognitive resource allocation. The main pupillary indices calculated and analyzed were baseline pupil diameter, peak value, and mean diameter.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results showed that auditory threshold and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) significantly influenced the accuracy of behavior. Pupillometry results for selective attention revealed a progressive increase in pupil diameter in the SSD group after the alert period of listening, with levels significantly higher than that of the NH group. During working memory tasks, participants with SSD demonstrated an initial increase in pupil diameter, followed by a decline throughout the task, suggesting persistent cognitive strain and potential fatigue.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients with SSD exert greater listening effort during daily communication. The findings emphasize the importance of personalized rehabilitation strategies targeting speech perception and auditory comfort to enhance communication outcomes and overall well-being for patients with SSD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Level of Evidence</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>4</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lio2.70185","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The State of Exercise-Based Dysphagia Intervention in the Literature: A Scoping Review","authors":"Claire Crossman,&nbsp;Serena Piol,&nbsp;D'manda Price,&nbsp;Kelly Veit,&nbsp;Sonja M. Molfenter","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70180","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Exercise-based interventions for dysphagia are frequently recommended in the clinical setting. We aim to characterize the state of the dysphagia treatment literature to provide a high-level overview on four domains: Study characteristics, patient populations, exercise characteristics, and outcome measures reported. This review acts as an initial step in analyzing the proposed gap between research and clinical practice patterns.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A search strategy was executed across five databases to capture publications evaluating the impact of exercise-based interventions on swallow function. After removing duplicates, 20,583 abstracts were screened for inclusion, with 505 studies eligible for full-text review. After applying exclusionary criteria, information was extracted from 204 publications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results indicate that studies are predominantly prospective (88%) and often randomized controlled trials (44%) typically completed in the outpatient setting (59%). Most studies represent homogenous patient groups (88%) with an average age of 64 years. Exercise paradigms average 40 days in length. Forty-six target exercises are reported, with Effortful Swallow being the most common (37%). Forty percent of studies evaluate the efficacy of a single exercise in isolation, followed by a combination approach of 4+ exercises (34%) and 2–3 exercises (26%). Thirty-seven different therapeutic devices are reported. Most (65%) studies use instrumental examinations to evaluate treatment efficacy, with 52 unique methods for analysis reported. Further, over 100 unique clinical outcome measures are reported.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This scoping review highlights many relative strengths in the dysphagia treatment literature (e.g., on parameters related to study design and outcome measures). At the same time, the findings suggest that there is significantly less literature to extrapolate to typical clinical caseloads and practice patterns with respect to patient characteristics, care settings, and exercise characteristics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Level of Evidence</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>I, scoping review of available evidence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lio2.70180","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mendelian Randomization Analysis of Mitochondria-Related Genes and Screening of Prognostic Genes in Colorectal Cancer","authors":"Limin Zhu,&nbsp;Xiaowei Huang,&nbsp;Fan Zhang,&nbsp;Jinzu Yang,&nbsp;Zhenye Xu","doi":"10.1002/cam4.71012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.71012","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mitochondria have been linked with inflammatory colorectal cancer (CRC) development; however, the association between mitochondria-related genes (MRGs) and CRC remains unknown.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To explore the causal relationship between MRGs and CRC, screen prognostic genes, conduct drug prediction analyses, and investigate the correlations between prognostic genes and immune cells.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We obtained 1136 MRGs from the MitoCarta3.0 database and analyzed the causal relationship between MRGs expression, methylation, and protein abundance and CRC by Mendelian randomization and sensitivity testing. Prognostic genes were screened via protein–protein interaction networks, enrichment, multi-omics, and survival analyses. Selected key genes were subjected to drug prediction analyses. The prognostic genes and immune cell correlations were explored using Spearman‘s correlation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results indicated that 44 MRGs showed causal relationships with CRC. Six genes (sterol carrier protein2 [SCP2], ATP binding cassette subfamily D member 3 [ABCD3], cytochrome coxidase assembly factor heme A: farnesyltransferase [COX10], mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system subunit 10 [MiCOS 10], glutaryl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase [GCDH], and mitochondrial translational release factor 1-like [MTRF1L] were causally associated with CRC and showed better prognostic significance when their expression levels were high, and there were 106 drugs targeting them. SCP2, ABCD3, MICOS10, GCDH, and MTRF1L were associated with most immune cells, while COX10 was not associated with any of the 96 immune cells.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The identification of causal MRGs and their prognostic significance provides new insights into mitochondria‘s role in CRC. Drug prediction and immune correlations may guide therapy, but validation in larger cohorts and models is needed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study reveals causal associations between specific MRGs and CRC, identifies prognostic genes with therapeutic potential, and clarifies immune cell relationships, advancing CRC pathogenesis understanding and treatment development.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":139,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Medicine","volume":"14 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cam4.71012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Progress of the Long-Term Preservation for Fish Embryos, Female Reproductive Cells, and Tissues","authors":"Wei Qin,&nbsp;Jiaji Pan,&nbsp;Jun Xiao,&nbsp;Hao Feng","doi":"10.1111/raq.70057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cryopreservation is an effective technique to preserve biomaterials for a very long time period. The long-term preservation techniques benefit the rapid development of the aquaculture industry, such as optimizing the breeding schemes. Currently, many cryopreservation attempts have been conducted on fish embryos and gametes. The cryopreservation of fish sperms is the most successful among these studies due to the simple structure of sperms. However, the cryopreservation of female gametes is developing at a much slower pace. In this work, the techniques and progress related to the cryopreservation of fish embryos, blastomeres, oocytes, testicular tissue, ovarian tissues, and primordial germ cells (PGCs) are introduced. This review first discusses the cryoprotective agents (CPAs) used in the cryopreservation or vitrification of fish embryos and gametes. Then we summarize advanced techniques including the pretreatment, rewarming methods, removal of CPAs, and assessment methods, followed by introducing the preservation results. In the end, some suggestions are raised for the future development of fish embryos, germ cells, and gonadal tissues.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}