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Preparation of High-Performance UV Photodetectors Based on Growing ZnO Nanowires via Focused Ion Beam Exposure

IF 4.3 2区综合性期刊

IEEE Sensors Journal Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2025.3531554

Jianxiang Liao;Cong Liu;Yandong Yang;Weiwei Zhong;Hui Xiao;Jiao Xu;Yuhang Liu;Dengji Guo;Xujin Wang

{"title":"Preparation of High-Performance UV Photodetectors Based on Growing ZnO Nanowires via Focused Ion Beam Exposure","authors":"Jianxiang Liao;Cong Liu;Yandong Yang;Weiwei Zhong;Hui Xiao;Jiao Xu;Yuhang Liu;Dengji Guo;Xujin Wang","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3531554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3531554","url":null,"abstract":"The precise patterning of micro–nano-scale photosensitive materials is crucial for the preparation of metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM)-type ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors and the integration of photodetector arrays in image sensors. However, current methods for positioning zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires (NWs) are complex and lack sufficient accuracy. In this work, the growth of ZnO NWs at specific locations in a zinc acetate films using focused ion beam (FIB) exposure was conducted and observed. Four FIB exposure doses were employed to explore the ZnO NW growth characteristics and the influence on UV detecting performance. As the FIB exposure dose grew, the higher responsivity (R), specific detectivity (D*), and high ON/OFF ratios were measured. At an FIB exposure dose of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1600~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>C/cm2, the UV photodetector exhibited the best performance, with an <sc>on/off</small> ratio of up to 17 445, a responsivity of 37.91 A/W, a specific detectivity of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$4.50times 10^{13}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Jones, and an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 12 879.01%. Additionally, the UV photodetector fabricated with a 1600-<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>C/cm2 dose demonstrated a rapid response time of 10.17 s and a recovery time of 7.45 s. This study evaluates the influence of FIB exposure dose on ZnO NW growth and showcases the performance of UV photodetectors fabricated with different doses, providing new insights into ZnO NW growth and methods for optimizing the performance of ZnO NW-based UV photodetectors.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 5","pages":"8238-8245"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143570719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and Application of a Novel Gesture-Sensing Skeleton Integrated With CNF/CB/Ecoflex Sensors

IF 4.3 2区综合性期刊

IEEE Sensors Journal Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2025.3531387

Mingyao Zhang;Yong Shi;Yonggeng Wei;Xin Mao;Hao Li;Guanran Wang

{"title":"Design and Application of a Novel Gesture-Sensing Skeleton Integrated With CNF/CB/Ecoflex Sensors","authors":"Mingyao Zhang;Yong Shi;Yonggeng Wei;Xin Mao;Hao Li;Guanran Wang","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3531387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3531387","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, flexible sensors have garnered substantial attention within the domain of gesture recognition and human-computer interaction. This study introduces the development of a gesture-sensing skeleton conductive composite elastic sensor (CCES) incorporating cellulose nanofiber (CNF)/CB/Ecoflex-30 sensors, achieved through a streamlined design approach. The sensor layer of a single finger ring within this skeleton employs Ecoflex-30 as its substrate and a blend of CNF/CB/Ecoflex-30 as the conductive filler. The incorporation of CNF notably augments the sensing stability of the sensor. A trigger layer embedded with six hemispherical protrusions is integrated within the finger ring mold, enhancing the sensor’s sensitivity significantly. An elastic steel bar positioned beneath the trigger layer of each finger ring allows for actuation through joint bending, thereby compressing the ring and altering the sensor resistance. This flexible and lightweight design strategy facilitates easy wearability on the hand, while the elastic steel bar serves as the skeletal framework, simplifying the system architecture. Experimental outcomes reveal that the skeleton exhibits rapid response/reply times (0.6/0.2 s), a broad dynamic range (1–16 N), and superior linearity (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${R}^{{2}} gt 0.97$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). These attributes enable precise detection of hand movements and underscore its potential in pioneering next-generation human-computer interaction and artificial intelligence technologies.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 5","pages":"8106-8114"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A High-Voltage and High-Current Miniaturized Surface Flashover Triggered Vacuum Switch

IF 1.3 4区物理与天体物理

IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3526891

Ming Zhang;Minfu Liao;Gang Lu;Liang Bu;Longfei Yu;Yifan Sun;Xiongying Duan

{"title":"A High-Voltage and High-Current Miniaturized Surface Flashover Triggered Vacuum Switch","authors":"Ming Zhang;Minfu Liao;Gang Lu;Liang Bu;Longfei Yu;Yifan Sun;Xiongying Duan","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3526891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3526891","url":null,"abstract":"To satisfy the small size requirement of high-power closing switch for compact pulsed power system, a miniaturized surface flashover triggered vacuum switch (STVS) with high withstand voltage and high-current is designed in this article. Through optimizing the switch structure, the maximum withstand voltage of the switch is exceeding 35 kV and the maximum conduction current capacity is more than 40 kA under the dimensional parameters of a total height of 39.5 mm and a diameter of 39.5 mm. The experimental test circuit is built, and the conduction delay time characteristics and impedance parameters of the miniaturized STVS are measured under different operating conditions. The experimental results show that the conduction delay time of the miniaturized STVS is significantly reduced with the increase of the trigger current and the operating voltage. The increase in conduction current leads to a decrease in the impedance of the vacuum arc channel, which reduces the resistance and inductance of the miniaturized STVS. The change in trigger current has no effect on the miniaturized STVS impedance parameters. At the operating conditions of 9 A trigger current, 15 kV operating voltage, and 40 kA conduction current, the conduction delay time of the miniaturized STVS is 1048.8 ns, the jitter is 139.7 ns, the resistance at the peak current moment is 51.2 m<inline-formula> <tex-math>$Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and the inductance at the current passing zero moment is 151.9 nH. Moreover, the operating characteristics of the miniaturized STVS have not deteriorated significantly after 200 consecutive operations under this operating conditions.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 2","pages":"284-292"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Small-Signal 1-D Model of Multistage Serpentine Waveguide Traveling Wave Tubes With Severs

IF 1.3 4区物理与天体物理

IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2024.3520622

Kasra Rouhi;Robert Marosi;Tarek Mealy;Alexander Figotin;Filippo Capolino

{"title":"Small-Signal 1-D Model of Multistage Serpentine Waveguide Traveling Wave Tubes With Severs","authors":"Kasra Rouhi;Robert Marosi;Tarek Mealy;Alexander Figotin;Filippo Capolino","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3520622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3520622","url":null,"abstract":"We present a model for calculating the small-signal gain of a multistage serpentine waveguide traveling wave tube (TWT) with one or more severs. To mitigate the occurrence of self-oscillations, the TWT stages are separated by a sever to stop RF wave propagation while the modulated electron beam (e-beam) is free to pass and is modeled by the electrons’ motion equations. Our small-signal model is an advancement of the Pierce model, assuming 1-D electron flow along a slow wave structure (SWS), accounting for SWS dispersion, the space-charge effect, and a frequency-dependent coupling strength coefficient relating the characteristic impedance to the interaction impedance. We compute the theoretical gain versus frequency for the multistage TWT and compare our results with particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. The good agreement demonstrates the accuracy of our analytical model for the multistage serpentine waveguide TWT with one or more severs. Here, we focus on showing the performance of our model as an effective tool for designers rather than proposing an optimal design strategy.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 2","pages":"230-238"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Simple Yet Effective Subway Self-Positioning Method Based on Aerial-View Sleeper Detection

IF 4.3 2区综合性期刊

IEEE Sensors Journal Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2025.3531643

Jiajie Song;Ningfang Song;Xiong Pan;Xiaoxin Liu;Can Chen;Jingchun Cheng

{"title":"A Simple Yet Effective Subway Self-Positioning Method Based on Aerial-View Sleeper Detection","authors":"Jiajie Song;Ningfang Song;Xiong Pan;Xiaoxin Liu;Can Chen;Jingchun Cheng","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3531643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3531643","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid development of urban underground rail vehicles, subway positioning, which plays a fundamental role in the traffic navigation and collision avoidance systems, has become a research hot spot these years. Most current subway positioning methods rely on localization beacons densely preinstalled alongside the railway tracks, requiring massive costs for infrastructure and maintenance, while commonly lacking flexibility and anti-interference ability. In this article, we propose a low-cost and real-time visual-assisted self-localization framework to address the robust and convenient positioning problem for subways. First, we perform aerial-view rail sleeper detection based on the fast and efficient YOLOv8n network. The detection results are then used to achieve real-time correction of mileage values combined with geometric positioning information, obtaining precise subway locations. Front camera videos for subway driving scenes along a 6.9-km route are collected and annotated from the simulator for validation of the proposed method. Experimental results show that our aerial-view sleeper detection algorithm can efficiently detect sleeper positions with <inline-formula> <tex-math>${F}1$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-score of 0.929 at 1111 frames/s and that the proposed positioning framework achieves a mean percentage error (MPE) of 0.1%, demonstrating its continuous and high-precision self-localization capability.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 5","pages":"9185-9196"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Smart Fiber-Optic WaveFlex Biosensor With Nano-Interface for Acrylamide Monitoring in Food Safety Applications

IF 4.3 2区综合性期刊

IEEE Sensors Journal Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2025.3531756

Xinlong Zhou;Yiyan Xie;Ragini Singh;Bingyuan Zhang;Santosh Kumar

{"title":"Smart Fiber-Optic WaveFlex Biosensor With Nano-Interface for Acrylamide Monitoring in Food Safety Applications","authors":"Xinlong Zhou;Yiyan Xie;Ragini Singh;Bingyuan Zhang;Santosh Kumar","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3531756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3531756","url":null,"abstract":"Acrylamide (AA), a harmful aliphatic amide, is produced during the thermal processing of food as a result of the Maillard reaction between asparagine and reducing sugars. It has neurotoxic effects and can cause cognitive impairment with long-term exposure. Moreover, chronic intake of AA may increase the risk of various types of cancer, including pancreatic and thyroid cancer. AA is often found in foods cooked at high temperatures, thereby highlighting its role in food quality assessment. Therefore, there is a need for more accurate, practical, rapid, and straightforward methods to detect AA in various samples. In this study, a highly sensitive and selective smart fiber-optic WaveFlex biosensing method based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is proposed for the detection of AA. The fiber surface is functionalized with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and zinc oxide nanowires (ZnO-NWs) to provide a larger surface area for the immobilization of AA antibodies, which, in turn, significantly improved the sensor’s performance. The results showed that the developed sensor could efficiently detect AA with high specificity due to the presence of AA antibodies. Subsequent research confirmed that the proposed biosensor exhibited excellent stability, repeatability, and reusability, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.438 <inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>g/mL and a sensitivity of 0.685 nm/(<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>g/mL). Thus, the proposed optical fiber sensor holds significant potential for detecting the presence of AA in various deep-fried foods prepared at high temperatures.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 5","pages":"8339-8346"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143570854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Simulation of Close Electric Fields From Fast M-Component Considering a Wire-Exploded Luminous Channel in Rocket-Triggered Lightning

IF 1.3 4区物理与天体物理

IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2024.3523862

Quanxin Li;Guohua Yang;Chijie Zhuang;Jinliang He

{"title":"Simulation of Close Electric Fields From Fast M-Component Considering a Wire-Exploded Luminous Channel in Rocket-Triggered Lightning","authors":"Quanxin Li;Guohua Yang;Chijie Zhuang;Jinliang He","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3523862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3523862","url":null,"abstract":"The study presents the close electric fields radiated by fast M-components associated with two scenarios in lightning: an elevated tall object and a wire-exploded luminous channel. The assumptions are assumed that when the downward incident wave meets the wire-exploded luminous channel, one round reflection (downward and upward) among the channel is assumed, and then, it propagates upward directly to cloud. The current expressions and current distribution for both scenarios are presented. The influences of the wire-exploded luminous channel on M-component electric fields at close distance are on the positive excursion at late-time response, while the initial negative peak is notably affected associated with the scenario of a tall tower. The influences of wave speed, reflection rounds, different close distances, and heights of the struck tower or the wire-exploded luminous channel are discussed in relation to the tall tower or the wire-exploded luminous channel. This study is meaningful to understand the lightning M-component mechanisms, specifically, by means of the measurement and reproduction of M-component electric fields at close distance.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 2","pages":"317-324"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Planar Coil Design for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Gyroscope Using Genetic Algorithm

IF 4.3 2区综合性期刊

IEEE Sensors Journal Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2025.3531438

Yanmeng Shao;Feng Tang;Nan Zhao

引用次数: 0

Enhancing Estimates Over WSN Using Robust Distributed Unbiased FIR Filtering With Consensus on Noise Power Gain

IF 4.3 2区综合性期刊

IEEE Sensors Journal Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2025.3531690

Miguel A. Vazquez-Olguin;Yuriy S. Shmaliy;Oscar G. Ibarra-Manzano;Jorge Munoz-Minjares

引用次数: 0

Investigation of Electromagnetic Behavior of MACOR for View Dump Application

IF 1.3 4区物理与天体物理

IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2024.3524488

Prabhakar Tripathi;Varsha Siju;Abhishek Sinha;Surya Kumar Pathak

{"title":"Investigation of Electromagnetic Behavior of MACOR for View Dump Application","authors":"Prabhakar Tripathi;Varsha Siju;Abhishek Sinha;Surya Kumar Pathak","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3524488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3524488","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the impact of various view dump geometries on their electromagnetic (EM) behavior within the microwave-millimeter range, particularly at frequencies between 60 and 180 GHz. Since the view dump is to be placed inside the tokamak machine, it is expected that the material that is used for its fabrication should have certain required properties, such as low reflection in the desired range of frequencies, sustained at high temperature and high vacuum conditions, low outgassing rate, and low thermal expansion rate. The MACOR material meets all these desired mechanical requirements. For EM absorption capabilities in the desired frequency range, the slab geometry made of MACOR material was first analyzed using CST Microwave Studio. Further, to enhance the EM absorption capabilities of the slab geometry, the slab geometry was modified into various other geometries such as triangular groove, pyramid, inverted pyramid, cone, and inverted cone. In addition, an extensive simulation study was also performed to identify the structural parameters associated with these different geometries, which have the utmost impact on the EM behavior. Experimental investigations for the simulated geometries were obtained by fabricating a prototype of MACOR. The experimental and simulated results for the slab, pyramid, and inverted cone geometries are in good agreement.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 2","pages":"325-333"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0