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A Machine Learning Predictor for Vertical Displacement Events on EAST

IF 1.3 4区物理与天体物理

IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3528970

H. Y. Wang;W. H. Hu;Y. H. Wang;Y. Huang;Y. H. Jia;Z. P. Luo;R. R. Zhang;Q. P. Yuan;B. J. Xiao

{"title":"A Machine Learning Predictor for Vertical Displacement Events on EAST","authors":"H. Y. Wang;W. H. Hu;Y. H. Wang;Y. Huang;Y. H. Jia;Z. P. Luo;R. R. Zhang;Q. P. Yuan;B. J. Xiao","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3528970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3528970","url":null,"abstract":"To obtain higher discharge parameters in experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST) experiments, an elongated plasma configuration is applied. As a result, vertical displacement events (VDEs) are easy to occur, especially for plasma with high vertical instability growth rate. Studying the prediction and avoidance of VDEs is of great importance for the protection of the plasma-facing and structural components of EAST tokamak. Data-driven methods based on supervised learning are widely used in disruption prediction. Labels as the key of the supervised learning are difficult to accurately divide. In this article, we first propose a labeling method based on the Jensen-Shannon (JS) divergence, enabling a specific analysis and evaluating the precursor onset time for each discharge. By comparing prediction accuracy and warning time prior to disruption using different algorithms with dataset collected from EAST experiment of 2021–2023, it is found that random forest (RF) model works best and achieves a success VDE alarm rate of 99.2% with a false alarm rate of 2.1% for nondisruptive discharges. The results show that models trained with dataset collected with class split point found by the JS divergence method from each discharge outperforms models trained with the dataset collected from each discharge with class split point of fixed time before disruption.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"136-145"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design of a Halbach Magnet Gradient Coil for High-Resolution Portable MRI

IF 4.3 2区综合性期刊

IEEE Sensors Journal Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2025.3530979

Rongsheng Lu;Xuan Song;Chong Bao;Xiaowen Jiang;Zhonghua Ni;Hong Yi

{"title":"Design of a Halbach Magnet Gradient Coil for High-Resolution Portable MRI","authors":"Rongsheng Lu;Xuan Song;Chong Bao;Xiaowen Jiang;Zhonghua Ni;Hong Yi","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3530979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3530979","url":null,"abstract":"Creating an effective gradient coil is essential for enabling portable, high-quality magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study introduces a method that incorporates a power consumption optimization function into spherical harmonic analysis to design an efficient gradient coil for a portable Halbach magnet with a low height-to-diameter ratio. The new design approach resulted in significant improvements over traditional methods, with the Y-direction gradient coil achieving an efficiency of 38.1 mT/m/A, reducing inductance and resistance by 43.09% and 24.77%, respectively. The Z-direction gradient coil also showed enhanced efficiency at 18.1 mT/m/A, a 45.97% improvement. Using this gradient coil design, a portable MRI device was constructed by integrating it with a homemade portable Halbach magnet, radio frequency probe, and electronic components from the laboratory. Imaging tests on a water phantom demonstrated the device’s ability to resolve small structures below 1 mm, achieving an image resolution of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$62.5times 62.5~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m. Overall, the gradient coil design method presented in this study successfully meets the requirements for portable, high-resolution MRI on-site.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 5","pages":"8187-8195"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Dynamic Voiceprint Fusion Mechanism With Multispectrum for Noncontact Bearing Fault Diagnosis

IF 4.3 2区综合性期刊

IEEE Sensors Journal Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2025.3530972

Zhong Liu;Yongyi Chen;Dan Zhang;Fanghong Guo

{"title":"A Dynamic Voiceprint Fusion Mechanism With Multispectrum for Noncontact Bearing Fault Diagnosis","authors":"Zhong Liu;Yongyi Chen;Dan Zhang;Fanghong Guo","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3530972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3530972","url":null,"abstract":"The existing bearing fault diagnosis methods are generally designed to identify the fault type by analyzing the collected vibration data, which belongs to the contact fault diagnosis technology. However, vibration sensors are not only complicated to install but also tend to rub against the equipment during prolonged use, affecting the accuracy of fault diagnosis. To address these issues, a noncontact fault diagnosis method, i.e., dynamic voiceprint fusion mechanism with multispectrum (DVFMMS) is proposed in this article. First, a three-channel feature extractor (TCFE) is designed to extract three different voiceprint features from the raw voiceprint data. Second, an attention mechanism, i.e., multichannel feature fusion self-attention (MCFFA), is proposed to adaptively adjust the network weights of different voiceprint features and realize the dynamic fusion of three voicing features. Finally, the fused features are fed into the classifier to achieve fault diagnosis. In this article, a voiceprint acquisition system based on the VS1053 chip is designed to collect the voiceprint of the bearing operation to accomplish the task of bearing fault diagnosis. The dataset of this study is obtained from the three-phase asynchronous motor platform of Zhejiang University of Technology. The experimental results demonstrate that DVFMMS still performs well under the limited sample size and overcomes the limitations of existing methods.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 5","pages":"8710-8720"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Novel Integration of Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence (BKI) and Feature Mining Methodology: Applications in Fall Risk Assessments

IF 4.3 2区综合性期刊

IEEE Sensors Journal Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2025.3531296

Hao Li;Illa Anatoljevic Baryskievic;Anatoliy Antonovich Baryskievic;Viktar Yurevich Tsviatkou

{"title":"A Novel Integration of Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence (BKI) and Feature Mining Methodology: Applications in Fall Risk Assessments","authors":"Hao Li;Illa Anatoljevic Baryskievic;Anatoliy Antonovich Baryskievic;Viktar Yurevich Tsviatkou","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3531296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3531296","url":null,"abstract":"Gait and balance disorders pose significant risks of injury and negatively impact quality of life. Precise coordination and control of body movement are crucial for bodily-kinesthetic intelligence (BKI). In this work, we propose a fall risk feature mining method (FRFMM) that utilizes foot pressure sensor data and is based on a nonparametric walking model (NPWM). Our approach generates time-spatial features, including raw features, balance features, ratio features, and gait energy expenditure features. We employ three sorted metrics—correlation coefficient in features (CCF), Bayes factor (BF), and self-information index (SII)—to refine body schema awareness and body image knowledge. This refinement aims to enhance goal-oriented BKI and reduce fall risk. We introduce three threshold rules based on the sorted metrics, enabling the selection of three discriminative fall risk features (the support base of the center and two novel ratio features) from 64 generated features derived from plantar pressure sensors. Our framework integrates BKI and FRFMM across four levels: physical observation, feature extraction, decision-making, and multimodal data analysis. Experimental results using a fall risk dataset demonstrate that the FRFMM improves fall risk prediction accuracy by 10% compared to FRFMM with any single metric. In addition, it outperforms well-known feature selection methods, achieving an accuracy improvement of 7%–34%. Comparisons with clinical methods further highlight the effectiveness of our approach for analyzing and assessing fall risk.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 5","pages":"8721-8736"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ion Acoustic Waves in Plasma With Perturbation in Ion Temperature

IF 1.3 4区物理与天体物理

IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3528096

H. R. Pakzad;K. Javidan

引用次数: 0

Discharge Characteristics and Launch Experiment of Multiphase Air-Core Pulsed Alternator

IF 1.3 4区物理与天体物理

IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3529314

Wenchao Li;Yingjie Chen;Youlong Wang;Rongyao Fu;Ping Yan;Yaohong Sun

{"title":"Discharge Characteristics and Launch Experiment of Multiphase Air-Core Pulsed Alternator","authors":"Wenchao Li;Yingjie Chen;Youlong Wang;Rongyao Fu;Ping Yan;Yaohong Sun","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3529314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3529314","url":null,"abstract":"The application of a multiphase air-core pulsed alternator (APA) power supply system in railgun has been studied. First, the working principle of the multiphase APA power supply system driving the railgun is introduced in detail, and the mathematical models of the multiphase APA and the railgun are given. Second, the discharge characteristics of the multiphase APA power supply system are analyzed. The relationship between the load current and the phase current is expounded at the theoretical level, and the characteristics such as the amplitude and pulsewidth of the phase current during the discharge process of the eight-phase motor are analyzed and parsed. Then, a field-circuit coupling simulation model is constructed to simulate and analyze the discharge process of the multiphase APA driving the railgun, verifying the correctness of the theoretical analysis. Finally, the experimental platform of multiphase APA driving the railgun is built, and the launch experiments are successfully conducted. Meanwhile, valuable experimental data are also provided for the subsequent further experiments.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"71-78"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Adaptive Clustering Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on a Novel Memetic Algorithm

IF 4.3 2区综合性期刊

IEEE Sensors Journal Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2025.3526831

Wenfen Zhang;Yulin Lan;Anping Lin;Min Xiao

{"title":"An Adaptive Clustering Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on a Novel Memetic Algorithm","authors":"Wenfen Zhang;Yulin Lan;Anping Lin;Min Xiao","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3526831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3526831","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), as an important part of the Internet of Things (IoT), have developed rapidly in recent years. WSNs comprise spatially distributed sensor nodes to collect information from the environment. The energy of nodes is usually limited, so the speed of energy consumption determines the lifespan of the network. This article proposed an energy-efficient adaptive clustering routing algorithm named multiparent differential evolution (MPDE) and variable step-size local search swarm-intelligence-based adaptive clustering routing (VSSLS-SIACR) to minimize the energy consumption of WSNs and prolong the network lifespan. Here, SIACR is a SIACR protocol, while MPDE and VSSLS are a novel memetic algorithms (MA) that belong to the swarm intelligence algorithm. The SIACR protocol classifies WSN nodes into three categories: cluster heads (CHs), cluster members, and free nodes, and employs the MPDE and VSSLS to optimize clustering, with the objectives of reducing energy consumption and balancing the residual energy among nodes. In the comparison experiments, the algorithm presented in this study was compared to the Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH), LEACH-centralized (LEACH-C), and particle swarm optimization (PSO)-SIACR algorithms for two network topologies with three data fusion rates of 0, 0.5, and 1, respectively. The experimental results revealed that MPDE and VSSLS-SIACR outperformed the other algorithms in terms of network lifetime and residual energy. Meanwhile, it is demonstrated that the proposed algorithm is highly adaptable to different topologies and different data fusion rates. The PSO-SIACR algorithm performed similarly to the MPDE and VSSLS-SIACR algorithms, indicating that the SIACR is, furthermore, an effective framework for clustering routing optimization using swarm intelligence algorithms.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 5","pages":"8929-8941"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of the Properties and Sensing Potential of Tamm Plasmon Polariton for Different Incident Planes in the 2-D Photonic Crystal Coated With Au Film

IF 4.3 2区综合性期刊

IEEE Sensors Journal Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2025.3531118

Jinghui Ding;Yangyang Xu;Jixuan Yan;Xian Zhang;Xiao-Song Zhu;Yi-Wei Shi

{"title":"Investigation of the Properties and Sensing Potential of Tamm Plasmon Polariton for Different Incident Planes in the 2-D Photonic Crystal Coated With Au Film","authors":"Jinghui Ding;Yangyang Xu;Jixuan Yan;Xian Zhang;Xiao-Song Zhu;Yi-Wei Shi","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3531118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3531118","url":null,"abstract":"Similar to the 1-D photonic crystal (1DPC), Tamm plasmon polariton (TPP) also exists on the interface between the 2-D photonic crystal (2DPC) and metal. In contrast to 1DPC, 2DPC is not homogeneous along different directions in the plane parallel to the surface. Thus, TPP in the 2DPC/metal structure may have different properties for different incident planes. Unfortunately, unlike the extensively studied TPP in 1DPC/metal structure, there is still a lack of clear understanding of TPP in 2DPC/metal structure. In this article, the properties of TPP for different incident planes in the 2DPC coated with Au film (2DPC/Au) structure were investigated for the first time. The finite element simulation results verified that the TPP in the 2DPC/Au structure could be excited in both xy and yz incident planes but showed different behaviors. The variations of TPP resonance peak at different incident angles and related sensing performance were also analyzed. It shows the largest sensitivity for the TM-polarized light in the yz incident plane and the sensitivity increases as the incident angle increases. Moreover, the influence of 2DPC background material on sensing was analyzed. The sensitivity increases as the refractive index (RI) of the background material decreases, which reaches 4000 nm/RIU when the material is fused silica. This research provides a new way to utilize TPP with the 2DPC/metal structure and promotes related research, especially for the photonic bandgap (PBG) fiber, in which 2DPC cladding is inherent.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 5","pages":"8333-8338"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143570721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

2024 Index IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology Vol. 5

IF 1.8

IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1109/OJNANO.2025.3534518

引用次数: 0

Design and Analysis of Pulse Trigger Source for Triggered Vacuum Switch Based on Pulse Transformer

IF 1.3 4区物理与天体物理

IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2024.3525131

Liang Bu;Xubin Li;Minfu Liao;Ming Zhang;Gang Lu;Longfei Yu;Xiongying Duan

{"title":"Design and Analysis of Pulse Trigger Source for Triggered Vacuum Switch Based on Pulse Transformer","authors":"Liang Bu;Xubin Li;Minfu Liao;Ming Zhang;Gang Lu;Longfei Yu;Xiongying Duan","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3525131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3525131","url":null,"abstract":"Field breakdown triggered vacuum switch (FTVS) has higher requirements for triggering pulse. The trigger source based on pulse transformer and solid-state switch has good reliability and low jitter characteristics, which can be used to trigger FTVS. A detailed analysis of the working process of the trigger source is beneficial for better design of the trigger source. This article introduces the analysis and the design process of a pulse trigger source (PTS) based on a pulse transformer using a closed annular magnetic core and IGBT. An analytical analysis of the main working process of the PTS is provided, and the effects of the PTS’s stray resistances, leakage inductances, and distributed capacitances on the output pulse waveform are evaluated. By optimizing the structure of the pulse transformer and selecting appropriate magnetic core materials, the response characteristics of the pulse transformer have been improved. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed analysis presented in this article. The designed PTS can generate high-voltage pulses with peak values exceeding 18 kV, pulsewidth of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0sim 5~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>s, and rise time of <560 ns, which can reliably trigger FTVS.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"79-87"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0