Hao Wu;Wenbin Hu;Yutong Wu;Yana Jia;Wen Wang;Qinghui Yang;Feiming Bai
{"title":"Highly Sensitive SAW-Based Magnetic Field Sensors With Suppressed Domain Wall Noise","authors":"Hao Wu;Wenbin Hu;Yutong Wu;Yana Jia;Wen Wang;Qinghui Yang;Feiming Bai","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3562238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3562238","url":null,"abstract":"As an emerging technique, the surface acoustic wave (SAW)-based magnetic field sensors offer pT-level sensitivity, broadband detection ability, and flexibility to deploy smart sensor networks. The primary noise of this type of sensor is magnetic loss introduced by the interaction between SAWs and domain walls. In current work, dual-mode SAW delay-line-type magnetic field sensors were designed and fabricated. Our measurement results reveal that proper selection of the operation frequency can significantly increase magnetic field sensitivity while reducing magnetic phase noise due to domain wall resonance (DWR). In addition, tailoring the geometry of magnetic film can reduce domain wall density along the SAW propagation path and thus lower magnetic phase noise. These efforts lead to an optimized device with an ultrahigh sensitivity of 1630.3°/mT and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 378.2 pT/Hz<inline-formula> <tex-math>${}^{{0}.{5}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at 10 Hz.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 11","pages":"19062-19068"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144206181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptive Scheduling With Cell Borrowing for 6TiSCH Networks","authors":"Heejun Lee;Sang-Hwa Chung;Jong-Deok Kim","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3562210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3562210","url":null,"abstract":"Low-power wireless networks are a key technology in industrial IoT (IIoT), where the rapid increase in connected devices necessitates solutions to enhance maximum traffic throughput. IPv6 over the time-slotted channel hopping (TSCH) mode of IEEE 802.15.4e (6TiSCH) networks, based on the IEEE 802.15.4 time-slotted channel hopping (TSCH) MAC mode, provides high reliability and energy efficiency. However, the default scheduling function (SF) in 6TiSCH, the minimal SF (MSF), suffers from overprovisioning issues, leading to inefficient timeslot utilization and traffic throughput limitations in high-density, high-traffic network environments. To address these challenges, we propose adaptive scheduling with cell borrowing for improving traffic throughput in dense 6TiSCH networks (ASCBT). ASCBT introduces three mechanisms that allow sibling nodes to borrow and utilize overprovisioned cells, reducing timeslot resource waste and improving the network’s maximum traffic throughput. Additionally, it effectively adapts to fluctuating traffic conditions. Performance evaluations in high-traffic scenarios show that ASCBT achieves up to 20.2% higher packet delivery ratio (PDR) and 23.8% lower end-to-end latency compared to MSF under constant-rate and burst traffic scenarios. These results indicate that ASCBT effectively enhances traffic handling capacity and network stability in large-scale TSCH-based IIoT networks.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 11","pages":"20813-20828"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High Throughput Signal-Off-On Fluorescent Aptasensor for Pb2+ Detection Based on Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Between Graphite-Phase Carbon Nitride Nanosheets and Gold Nanoparticles","authors":"Lulu Jia;Yanan Liu;Lina Zou;Huanyu Ren;Zheng Li;Huiru Niu;Hao Liao;Xiaojing Zhang;Shanshan An;Fei Ren;Xiuhong Ge;Lang Cheng;Feiyan Yang;Hongzhi Pan;Shengzhong Rong;Hongkun Ma","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3562314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3562314","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metal Pb2+ is widely distributed in several environmental media, and exposure to Pb2+ through various channels can seriously endanger the health of residents. Therefore, it is very important to detect Pb2+ in high throughput, accurately and specifically. Fluorescent sensors have obvious advantages in heavy metal detection. In comparison with the bulk phase, graphite-phase carbon nitride nanosheets (g-CNNs) of atomic thickness and nanometer size can conspicuously improve the quantum yield and water solubility. The aptamer offers the benefits of exceptional specificity, robust stability, minimal toxicity, cost-effectiveness, straightforward synthesis and modification, and absence of immunogenicity. In this study, an high throughput signal-off-on fluorescent aptasensor was designed for detecting Pb2+ on the basis of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism between gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and g-CNNs. Under the optimum experimental conditions, a linear correlation was established between (F-F0)/F0 and Pb2+ concentration within the range of 0–<inline-formula> <tex-math>$1000~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>g/mL. The linear equation was (F-F0)/<inline-formula> <tex-math>$F_{{0}}=0.0002$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C +0.0278, with an <inline-formula> <tex-math>${R} ^{{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> value of 0.9744 and the detection limit was <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.8~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>g/mL. The proposed fluorescent aptasensor had strong anti-interference ability, high sensitivity, and good reproducibility, and the recoveries of spiked samples were between 90.32% and 103.99%. The detection results of Pb2+ in actual samples confirmed that this fluorescent aptasensor had good application potential.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 11","pages":"20658-20665"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Unconfined Monocular Stereo-PIV Measurement Method for Gas-Liquid Pipe Flow","authors":"Haixia Wang;Ting Xue","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3562149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3562149","url":null,"abstract":"Stereo-particle image velocimetry (PIV) encounters intricate challenges in flow measurement, especially accurate target localization and synchronized control of dual cameras. To overcome these obstacles, a comprehensive study delves into gas-liquid two-phase flow utilizing a monocular Stereo-PIV system. To reduce the need for high-precision target localization, a method is proposed that integrates particle features for corner extraction and spatial consistency for precise matching by pyramid up-down sampling. The approach effectively mitigates scale variance-induced mismatches and facilitates accurate spatial plane reconstruction. Validation is conducted utilizing particle simulation to assess the accuracy of feature extraction and matching and their impact on spatial plane reconstruction. Furthermore, optical distortion calibration results derived from gas-liquid two-phase flow are compared with experimental data to investigate the accuracy of real plane reconstruction. The accuracy of 3-D velocities is evaluated across planes with various errors. Finally, 3-D velocity profiles are characterized within slug flow structures, thereby offering insights into velocity variation characteristics.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 11","pages":"20104-20112"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144206149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Memristive Switching Behavior of MoO3 Decorated PSi Heterostructure and Impact of Temperature on Device Reliability","authors":"B Sharmila;Kr. Sarkar Achintya;Priyanka Dwivedi","doi":"10.1109/TDMR.2025.3563885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDMR.2025.3563885","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the fabrication, testing device reliability and impact of temperature variation on the MoO3 decorated PSi heterostructure. The memristor devices are fabricated using standard microfabrication processes. The MoO3 decorated PSi heterostructure memristor has shown the current switching ratio, resistance switching ratio of 67 and <inline-formula> <tex-math>$7times 10{^{{3}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> respectively at room temperature (RT). The reliability test of the MoO3 decorated PSi heterostructure based memristor device is tested using the thermal stimuli ranging from RT to 100°C. The developed device has shown the current switching ratio of 200 at 90°C, which is close to three times higher than the measurements at RT. Further, stability/reproducibility of the fabricated device was verified using the modulated frequency test at 90°C.","PeriodicalId":448,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Device and Materials Reliability","volume":"25 2","pages":"335-340"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Didi Xu;Weihua Yu;Yufeng Wang;Mengjun Chen;Yaze Cui
{"title":"Human Activity Detection Based on Parallel AB-TCN Using Micro-Doppler Signatures","authors":"Didi Xu;Weihua Yu;Yufeng Wang;Mengjun Chen;Yaze Cui","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3562260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3562260","url":null,"abstract":"The classification and identification of human activities have been increasingly focused on in the fields of human-computer interaction, search and rescue, health detection, and so on. Deep learning methods have been widely employed in target classification recognition. To enhance the classification performance, an attention-mechanism-based two-channel network (AB-TCN) is proposed. In this architecture, the attention module is embedded into the convolutional neural network (CNN) to achieve feature enhancement and redundancy suppression in the spatial and channel domains. Furthermore, the short-window time-frequency image and long-window time-frequency image are separately input into two symmetrical channels for feature extraction and fusion to enhance the differential feature weight of target behavior. The method is simple and easy to implement, with low computational complexity. The experimental results show that the proposed method has higher detection accuracy, and the classification accuracy is increased by more than 5% compared with the traditional neural network architecture.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 11","pages":"20113-20123"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144206072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuma Kawamoto;Daniel C. Gallego;Alejandro Rivera-Lavado;Tadao Nagatsuma;Michael Nagel;Daniel Headland;Guillermo Carpintero
{"title":"Near-Field Semiconductor Imaging and Classification Enabled by Signal Cancellation Using Truncated mm-Wave Silicon Waveguide","authors":"Yuma Kawamoto;Daniel C. Gallego;Alejandro Rivera-Lavado;Tadao Nagatsuma;Michael Nagel;Daniel Headland;Guillermo Carpintero","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3562280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3562280","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate that a straightforward truncated silicon dielectric waveguide serves as an effective millimeter-wave (mm-wave) near-field semiconductor imaging sensor. The strong localization of modal fields at the truncated silicon tip interface results in fine resolution below the diffraction limit. It is found that, at a specific probing distance, high conductance of a metallized sample exhibits lower reflection than bare silicon substrate due to the signal cancellation with the reflection generated from the significant mismatch at the truncated interface. We experimentally validate that this cancellation effect is dependent upon conductivity and it allows us to differentiate multiple levels of conductivity. With this technique, we achieve the resolution of ~1/<inline-formula> <tex-math>$3~lambda _{{0}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and a high image contrast of ~20 dB between conductors and the bare silicon substrate. In addition, a cancellation effect is employed that allows for accurate calibration of working distance, providing stable responses across the scanning area. We demonstrate how this effect can be exploited for high-accuracy material classification with broadband spectral correlation analysis enabled by the silicon sensor. The proposed method can be easily incorporated with integrated all-silicon circuits, showing promise for cost-effective, compact imaging modules, which is highly beneficial for real-world deployment in the industry.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 11","pages":"20648-20657"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10976487","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microwave Photonics-Based Small Hydrostatic Pressure Sensing Assisted by Convolutional Neural Network","authors":"Songlin Li;Ting Xue;Yan Wu;Zhuping Li;Bin Wu","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3562143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3562143","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrostatic pressure measurement is essential in many industries, such as oil and gas production, chemical processing, and environmental monitoring. Due to the minimal impact of small hydrostatic pressure on ordinary silica optical fibers, research on its measurement utilizing optical fiber sensing technology remains limited. In this article, a novel microwave photonics technique, termed optical carrier-based microwave interferometry (OCMI), is utilized for small hydrostatic pressure sensing with the assistance of a convolutional neural network (CNN). The theory of OCMI-based phase demodulation is established, and numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the factors affecting the axial displacement of the fiber core. In practical experiments, the phase demodulation method is applied to small hydrostatic pressure measurements; however, the results are suboptimal. Therefore, the CNN is developed to assist in the implementation of accurate small hydrostatic pressure sensing. The small hydrostatic pressures predicted by the well-trained CNN model are in good agreement with the actual values, with an error of less than 0.25 kPa. In addition, the prediction results from multiple Fabry-Perot interferometers (FPIs) demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of utilizing CNN for OCMI-based small hydrostatic pressure sensing. The introduction of machine learning broadens the application scope of the OCMI technique, allowing it to be employed for distributed sensing of a wider range of physical, chemical, and biological quantities.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 11","pages":"20948-20955"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Bayesian Model Based on Link Distribution Features for Multitarget Passive Localization in Visible Light Sensing","authors":"Shuai Zhang;Liyi Zhang;Kaihua Liu;Ya Wang","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3561317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3561317","url":null,"abstract":"Passive localization using visible light (VL) sensing has been considered as a promising solution for indoor human detection. A major challenge is to avoid false target positioning in multitarget positioning scenarios. Besides, a reasonable probable target area model is also critical to the accuracy of positioning and counting targets. In this article, a novel passive localization scheme is proposed to locate multiple targets. This scheme introduces a rectangular probable target area model, which is used to calculate a rectangular area containing the potential location of the target to be located. Compared with existing models, it is more suitable for positioning scenarios under low-density deployment of sensing nodes. Furthermore, we present an improved successive cancellation (SC) algorithm to excluding false target localization. To determine the authenticity of targets by the SC algorithm, a Bayesian model is introduced to optimize the SC algorithm according to the multidimensional shadowed link information of candidate targets. Numerous simulation results show that the proposed multitarget passive localization scheme can improve the problem of false target localization in multitarget localization scenarios. And it also can achieve outstanding performance in localization accuracy.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 11","pages":"20037-20050"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring the Sensing Capabilities of Ti3C2TX MXene Derived C/TiO2: An Approach Toward Stable and Selective Hydrogen Gas Sensing","authors":"K Amala;Palash Kumar Basu","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3558416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3558416","url":null,"abstract":"Titanium carbide (Ti3C2), a 2-D material discovered in 2011, has been investigated for various applications, and is to its potential as a gas sensor is exploring widely. However, to serve effectively in the field of gas sensing, it is essential to ensure long-term stability, which involves maintaining a consistent and repeatable output over time. Multiple studies have observed the degradation of MXene, particularly the surface oxidation of Ti3C2 to TiO2 in the presence of moisture, highlighting the necessity of in-depth research in this field. This work primarily focused on the stability analysis of MXene-based gas sensors. Additionally, we demonstrated that 2-D layered carbon/TiO2 (C/TiO2) structures synthesized via controlled surface oxidation of Ti3C2TX MXene at <inline-formula> <tex-math>$500~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C are stable as a gas sensor and can effectively detect hydrogen at low ppm levels. By utilizing this approach, the sensor achieved a remarkable response of 93% (in 65% relative humidity), with a response time of 45 s and a recovery time of 20 s at <inline-formula> <tex-math>$300~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C operating temperature. Furthermore, the selectivity of the prepared sample is compared with 100-ppm CO, 250-ppm NH3, and 10000-ppm CH4, indicating that oxidized MXene is a promising candidate for real-time H2 sensing. This excellent selectivity and significant sensor response to H2 make it well-suited for leak-detection applications. An attempt was also made to correlate the stable hydrogen sensing mechanism with the help of material characterization, which suggests that the oxidation of Ti3C2Tx MXene to C/TiO2 leads to the formation of porous, high-surface-area nanostructure, which enhances gas adsorption and desorption.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 11","pages":"18767-18776"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}