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{"title":"ECapRO-SEM: Enhanced Capuchin Route Optimizer for Spectral Efficiency Maximization in Wireless Networks","authors":"Ahmed M. Khedr;Dilna Vijayan;Mohamed Saad","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3510547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3510547","url":null,"abstract":"The progress made in self-interference (SI) revocation and suppression techniques for wireless communication has significantly enhanced the viability of employing full-duplex (FD) transmission abilities. Compared to half-duplex (HD) transmission, these capabilities notably enhance the end-to-end spectral efficiency (SE), leading to significant advantages for multihop routing in wireless communication scenarios. There has recently been an increase in interest in discovering paths in multihop wireless communication scenarios that exhibit higher SE. It has been proved that solving for higher SE paths within multihop wireless communication scenarios cannot be solved polynomially in networks employing FD interference-constrained systems. This study introduces ECapRO-SEM, an innovative route optimization algorithm called the enhanced capuchin route optimizer for SE maximization (ECapRO-SEM) for wireless network communication. Its goal is to improve the end-to-end SE of wireless communication networks. The algorithm begins by formulating an optimization problem to maximize end-to-end SE in FD forwarding across specified paths while effectively accounting for interference. Subsequently, the algorithm employs an enhanced nature-inspired metaheuristic optimization technique to precisely identify the routing path that yields the utmost end-to-end SE. Nature-inspired optimization methods, exemplified by the capuchin search algorithm (CSA), have emerged as potent metaheuristic tools for approximating optimal solutions. We enhance the CSA by integrating it with the genetic algorithm (GA). The novel ECapRO-SEM algorithm demonstrates its superiority in achieving peak end-to-end SE for wireless network routing, outperforming existing methodologies in extensive simulations. Simulation results show that ECapRO outperforms Mod-Dijkstras, Pruned-HC, and CapRO by 33.53%, 5.17%, and 3.40%, respectively, at different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Furthermore, with various SI cancellation (SIC) factors, ECapRO outperforms Mod-Dijkstras, Pruned-HC, and CapRO by 210.33%, 5.25%, and 2.14%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 2","pages":"3659-3671"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142975974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microwave Capacitive Pressure Sensor Based on an Additively Manufactured Elastic Layer","authors":"Amirhossein Karami-Horestani;Sandra Rodini;Simone Genovesi;Ferran Paredes;Filippo Costa;Ferran Martín","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3510657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3510657","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a capacitive sensor useful for measuring pressure in the range 0–2460 Pa. The transduction mechanism is capacitance variation caused by changes in the force exerted on the sensing element. Such sensing element is a one-port coplanar waveguide (CPW) terminated with a conductive patch wider than the CPW central strip and a step-impedance resonator (SIR), etched in an independent substrate and capacitively coupled to the patch. By sandwiching an additively manufactured malleable (elastic) material between the CPW and the SIR substrate, pressure changes modify the capacitance of the SIR due to the variation of: 1) the dielectric constant of such material and 2) the separation between the SIR and CPW metal layers. The output variable is the phase of the reflection coefficient at the operating frequency, set to a value (within the microwave range) where the phase response exhibits a high phase slope (since this boosts the sensitivity). Thus, the device is a single-frequency sensor that simply necessitates a microwave oscillator, or a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), for signal generation in an operative environment. The maximum achieved sensitivity is 650°/kPa.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 2","pages":"2618-2628"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Learning for Frailty Classification Using IMU Sensor Data: Insights From FRAILPOL Database","authors":"Arslan Amjad;Agnieszka Szczeęsna;Monika Błaszczyszyn;Jerzy Sacha;Magdalena Sacha;Piotr Feusette;Wojciech Wolański;Mariusz Konieczny;Zbigniew Borysiuk;Basheir Khan","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3510626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3510626","url":null,"abstract":"Frailty is a significant health issue among the elders that leads to adverse outcomes, such as disability, increased healthcare utilization, and diminished overall well-being. This results in significant economic and personal costs, adding a considerable burden on the healthcare system. Early frailty detection contributes to establish a sustainable society by addressing health challenges and enhancing healthcare systems to be more responsive to aging populations. The FRAILPOL dataset was assessed, which contains data of 682 elderly participants. The dataset includes recordings from five inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors aimed at classifying individuals into frail, prefrail, or robust (nonfrail) categories. The IMU data, comprising accelerometer and gyroscope readings from gait, are directly input into the InceptionTime, a deep learning (DL) algorithm for the classification task. The InceptionTime algorithm achieved an average accuracy of 81% on the test data. For the critical early frailty stage (prefrail), it reported 81% precision, 81% recall, and an F1-score of 80%. These findings can provide a valuable diagnostic tool for identifying frailty in its early stages, which can significantly contribute to the mitigation of frailty progression. In addition, the relatively simple observation of an elderly person’s gait can be an important social factor toward recognizing frailty syndrome.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 2","pages":"3974-3981"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10786348","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multicamera Detection Algorithm for Small Obstacle Characteristics in the Rail Under Complex and Variable Illumination Conditions","authors":"Yefeng Qiu;Deqiang He;Zhenzhen Jin;Yanjun Chen;Sheng Shan","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3502664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3502664","url":null,"abstract":"In addressing the challenges of false positives and missed detections of small-scale obstacles within low-illumination orbital environments, a multiscale detection algorithm MTD R-CNN based on multicamera is proposed. The proposed model contains three stages. In stage 1, the LCSwin Transformer is proposed to complete aggregating detailed features and global relationships. In stage 2, the SAFPN is proposed to realize hierarchical feature interaction at different scales. In stage 3, dynamic instance interactive head multiplexing and multiple loss sets are used to obtain more decadent detection boxes. The test results of the track scene under different illumination conditions show that 1) the accuracy of the MTD R-CNN is 95.2%, surpassing the performance of existing models; 2) the detection accuracy of small obstacles is improved by 3.7%-26.4%, thereby highlighting the model's superior perceptual capabilities for detecting such obstacles; and 3) the operation speed of the model is 36.63 ms to meet the real-time processing criteria. In summary, the model effectively improves the detection performance of small obstacles under low-light light conditions and has been applied in Nanning Metro Line 5.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 2","pages":"3772-3781"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142975826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative Winding and Tooth-Pole Configurations in the Development of Variable Reluctance Synchro","authors":"M. R. Eesazadeh;Z. Nasiri-Gheidari;F. Tootoonchian","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3507935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3507935","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally, synchros utilize brushes and sliprings, which introduce significant noise into the output signal and limit their accuracy. These inherent limitations restrict their application in high-precision control systems. While rotary transformers (RTs) eliminate the issues of brushes and slip rings, they come with other trade-offs. Despite these limitations, synchros have competitive advantages over resolvers, such as reliability and fewer wires. Motivated by the need to address these limitations, this research presents an advanced synchro scheme that prioritizes simplicity and cost-effectiveness. This new scheme employs a single stator and a non-wound rotor, with both the exciting and signal windings conveniently located on the stator. A streamlined method is implemented to arrange the winding configurations for the proposed synchro, utilizing a nonoverlapping on-tooth winding technique with a constant number of turns. This technique provides significant versatility, allowing it to be applied to synchros with different pole counts and varying numbers of stator teeth. To evaluate the performance of the proposed synchro, an analytical assessment was conducted using a time-stepping finite element method. The results are validated through experimental tests on a prototype variable reluctance (VR) synchro, confirming the theoretical foundations of the proposed scheme.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 2","pages":"2494-2501"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Plasma Sheath Distribution and Electromagnetic Transport in Hypersonic Vehicles Under Multieffects Coupling","authors":"Li YuXin;Ma Ping;Xiong Zhengwei;Gao ZhiPeng;Tian DeYang","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3503716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3503716","url":null,"abstract":"When a hypersonic vehicle flies at high speed in near space, the distribution of key characteristic parameters of the plasma sheath covering the vehicle shows significant changes due to the influence of high-temperature gas effect and wing turbulence interference, resulting in more complicated electromagnetic (EM) transmission characteristics of the target. To more accurately study the distribution characteristics of the plasma sheath and its EM transmission properties of hypersonic vehicles under the coupling of a chemical reaction and near-wall turbulence. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was used to solve the multicomponent 3-D Navier-Stokes equations with chemical reaction source terms, and the Spalart-Allmaras (S-A) turbulence model was introduced to simulate near-wall flow, numerical simulations were performed for different altitudes and velocities. The focus was on researching the distribution characteristics and evolution laws of electron density, particle mass fractions, and EM transmission in the flow field. The results show that considering the near-wall disturbance makes the peak electron density far away from the wall; the air undergoes a violent dissociation-complexity reaction after the excitation wave, the free electrons mainly originate from the contributions of oxygen and nitrogen, and the difference mainly depends on the degree of decomposition of the nitrogen. Finally, the high electron density decreases the transmission coefficient of the EM wave, increases the reflection coefficient, and increases the degree of the EM wave attenuation, and the turbulent near-wall disturbance makes the thickness of the sheath increase, which further aggravates the EM wave attenuation. This study can deepen the understanding of the EM environment of the hypersonic vehicle, and can also provide a reference for the design of the hypersonic vehicle.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 11","pages":"5327-5334"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unsupervised Contrastive Learning-Based Single Domain Generalization Method for Intelligent Bearing Fault Diagnosis","authors":"Qiang Wu;Yue Ma;Zhixi Feng;Shuyuan Yang;Hao Hu","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3507817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3507817","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of fault diagnosis (FD), an increasing number of domain generalization (DG) methods are being employed to address domain shift issues. The vast majority of these methods focus on learning domain-invariant features from multiple source domains, with very few considering the more realistic scenario of a single-source domain. Furthermore, there is a lack of work that achieves single-DG (SDG) through unsupervised means. Therefore, in this article, we introduce a data augmentation method for frequency-domain signals called multi-amplitude random spectrum (MARS), which randomly adjusts the amplitude of each point in the spectrum to generate multiple pseudo-target domain samples from a single source domain sample. Then, we combine MARS with unsupervised contrastive learning to bring the pseudo target domain samples closer to the source domain samples in the feature space, which enables generalization to unknown target domains since the pseudo target domain samples contain potentially true target domain samples as much as possible. Unsupervised SDG intelligent FD can thus be achieved. Extensive experiments on three datasets demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed method. The code is available at <uri>https://github.com/WuQiangXDU/UCL-SDG</uri>.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 2","pages":"3923-3934"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guest Editorial Special Issue on Pulsed Power Science and Technology","authors":"Jacob Stephens;Tom Huiskamp;Weihua Jiang;Chunqi Jiang;Ravi Joshi","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3495352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3495352","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 9","pages":"4234-4234"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10786887","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blank Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3504897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3504897","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 9","pages":"C4-C4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10786898","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142810266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity and Figure-of-Merit Analysis of Terahertz Metamaterial Sensors With the Normalized Mode Volume","authors":"Lei Cao;Fanqi Meng;Hartmut G. Roskos","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3507353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3507353","url":null,"abstract":"The sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM) of optical sensors based on metamaterial (MM) cavities are intricately influenced by both inherent cavity properties (resonance frequency, Q-factor, and mode volume) and the characteristics of the analyte, including its volume and spatial distribution. Notably, a direct correlation between a physical parameter and sensor performance, as well as a quantitative comparison across diverse optical sensors, is currently lacking. This study proposes a novel approach to evaluating the sensitivity and FOM by introducing a normalized (dimensionless) mode volume, denoted as <inline-formula> <tex-math>$V_{N}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. This normalization enables a direct and comprehensive comparison among various sensor structures, with MM sensors employing split resonators featuring interdigitated fingers in the terahertz (THz) frequency range serving as a prime example. The normalized sensitivity and FOM demonstrate a proportional relationship to 1/<inline-formula> <tex-math>$V_{N}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math>$Q/V_{N}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively. Through systematic analyses involving the variation of geometric parameters, the full-wave simulation results consistently validate the proposed analytical formula. These overarching findings not only lay a robust foundation for the design and optimization of optical sensors utilizing MMs but also provide a framework for a comprehensive performance comparison among different sensor types. This was experimentally verified with a proposed nested U-shaped sensor in comparison with the traditional sensor based on asymmetrical double split ring resonators. This advancement holds significant promise for applications in nanoscale thin-film detection and biosensing.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 2","pages":"2598-2608"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142975719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}