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IF 1.3 4区物理与天体物理

IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3530041

引用次数: 0

Nanosecond Microwave Pulse Amplification Based on a High-Power Gyrotron Traveling Wave Tube

IF 1.3 4区物理与天体物理

IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3530471

Ruoyang Pan;Zhiyuan Zhang;Guo Liu;Weijie Wang;Yingjian Cao;Yu Wang;Yelei Yao;Wei Jiang;Zewei Wu;Youlei Pu;Jianxun Wang;Yong Luo

引用次数: 0

Thermal Effects of Low-Pressure Glow Discharge and Its Heat Transfer Through the Discharge Tube

IF 1.3 4区物理与天体物理

IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3532112

Xintong Liu;Yangyang Fu;Guolin Yang;Zhijin Zhang;Qin Hu;Jianlin Hu;Zhihang Zhao;Liyang Zhang;Zhigang Liu;Xinxin Wang;Xingliang Jiang;Yutai Li

{"title":"Thermal Effects of Low-Pressure Glow Discharge and Its Heat Transfer Through the Discharge Tube","authors":"Xintong Liu;Yangyang Fu;Guolin Yang;Zhijin Zhang;Qin Hu;Jianlin Hu;Zhihang Zhao;Liyang Zhang;Zhigang Liu;Xinxin Wang;Xingliang Jiang;Yutai Li","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3532112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3532112","url":null,"abstract":"The light emitted by gas discharge plasma is often used as a light source for precision optical instruments. The measurement precision and accuracy of these precision instruments are greatly affected by the ambient temperature. In fact, although low-pressure glow gas discharge plasma is often referred to as “low-temperature plasma,” it may also have thermal effects under prolonged operation. There is a lack of research on the thermal effects of low-pressure glow discharges and the process of its heat transfer through the discharge tube. In this article, a 2-D axisymmetric fluid model is established, coupling multiphysics fields such as discharge plasma, laminar flow, and heat transfer. The thermal effect and heat transfer of He/Ne gas mixture glow discharge at low pressure are investigated. Studies show that, after the discharge has lasted for a certain period of time, the temperature in the gas discharge region is significantly elevated and can reach tens or hundreds of kelvins. The temperature of the glass tube may also increase by more than 20 K under certain discharge parameters. The current-limiting resistance, the gas pressure, and the He/Ne gas ratio have a large influence on the thermal effect of the gas discharge. Therefore, the thermal effect of gas discharge applied as a light source in precision optical instruments cannot be ignored and needs to be regulated and designed for specific situations. This article contributes to a deeper physical understanding of the thermal effects of low-pressure glow discharges and provides guidance for their optical application.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"40-50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study on the Influence of Pressure on Ion Extraction Characteristics

IF 1.3 4区物理与天体物理

IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3530562

Ao Xu;Xiang Wan;Pingping Gan;Yuanjie Shi

引用次数: 0

Temporal and Spatiotemporal Evolution Distribution Characteristics of Friction and Wear of Electromagnetic Launcher

IF 1.3 4区物理与天体物理

IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3530532

Feng Liu;Yuntian Han;Xiang Gao;Tonggang Lu;Huihui Zhang

{"title":"Temporal and Spatiotemporal Evolution Distribution Characteristics of Friction and Wear of Electromagnetic Launcher","authors":"Feng Liu;Yuntian Han;Xiang Gao;Tonggang Lu;Huihui Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3530532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3530532","url":null,"abstract":"During the launching of electromagnetic railguns, the friction and wear of the armature and rails under the extreme force-electromagnetic–temperature coupling cannot be avoided, which has become a serious obstacle restricting the service life and launching accuracy of electromagnetic railguns. To explore the time and space distribution characteristics of rail friction and wear, an electromagnetic launcher model considering the interference fit of the armature-rail is established, and the wear calculation considering the effect of material temperature is carried out on the basis of the electromagnetic field analysis. The calculation of friction heat considers the contact pressure generated by the combined action of the interference fit and the Lorentz force. The results show that the wear volume of the steel-copper armature rail is significantly lower than that of the copper-aluminum armature rail, and there is no significant difference in the spatial distribution. After the pulse current is transformed into a trapezoidal current waveform, the wear volume of the armature rail can not only be reduced but also the acceleration efficiency of the armature can be significantly improved.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 2","pages":"334-342"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Laser-Induced Graphene-Based Pressure Sensor With Corrugated Polyimide Diaphragm

IF 4.3 2区综合性期刊

IEEE Sensors Journal Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2025.3531923

Ryo Oda;Rihachiro Nakashima;Hidetoshi Takahashi

{"title":"Laser-Induced Graphene-Based Pressure Sensor With Corrugated Polyimide Diaphragm","authors":"Ryo Oda;Rihachiro Nakashima;Hidetoshi Takahashi","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3531923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3531923","url":null,"abstract":"Until now, various types of pressure sensors, including piezoresistive and capacitive types, have been developed using the technology of microelectromechanical systems (MEMSs). However, many of these sensors require complex fabrication processes, making it challenging to form 3-D shapes. In contrast, laser-induced graphene (LIG) shows promise for use in various physical sensors due to its high sensitivity as a piezoresistive material and its simple fabrication process. Polyimide (PI) substrates, commonly used for LIG formation, can be easily grooved and cut by ultraviolet (UV) lasers, allowing for the fabrication of 3-D shapes. In this study, we propose a two-gauge corrugated-type pressure sensor with LIG strain gauges on both the top and back sides of a PI substrate featuring a corrugated structure. The fabrication process involves using a UV laser to fabricate the corrugated structure and a CO2 laser to form the LIG strain gauges. This simple process produced a sensor with dimensions of 10 mm in length, 15 mm in width, and a total thickness of 6 mm. The corrugated sensor deformed 1.8 times more under pressure and demonstrated three times greater sensitivity than the membrane-type PI sensor. This approach is effective for low low-volume production of a large variety of sensors in laboratories because it enables simple design and fabrication using only two types of lasers.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 5","pages":"8115-8123"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and Application of a Novel Gesture-Sensing Skeleton Integrated With CNF/CB/Ecoflex Sensors

IF 4.3 2区综合性期刊

IEEE Sensors Journal Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2025.3531387

Mingyao Zhang;Yong Shi;Yonggeng Wei;Xin Mao;Hao Li;Guanran Wang

{"title":"Design and Application of a Novel Gesture-Sensing Skeleton Integrated With CNF/CB/Ecoflex Sensors","authors":"Mingyao Zhang;Yong Shi;Yonggeng Wei;Xin Mao;Hao Li;Guanran Wang","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3531387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3531387","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, flexible sensors have garnered substantial attention within the domain of gesture recognition and human-computer interaction. This study introduces the development of a gesture-sensing skeleton conductive composite elastic sensor (CCES) incorporating cellulose nanofiber (CNF)/CB/Ecoflex-30 sensors, achieved through a streamlined design approach. The sensor layer of a single finger ring within this skeleton employs Ecoflex-30 as its substrate and a blend of CNF/CB/Ecoflex-30 as the conductive filler. The incorporation of CNF notably augments the sensing stability of the sensor. A trigger layer embedded with six hemispherical protrusions is integrated within the finger ring mold, enhancing the sensor’s sensitivity significantly. An elastic steel bar positioned beneath the trigger layer of each finger ring allows for actuation through joint bending, thereby compressing the ring and altering the sensor resistance. This flexible and lightweight design strategy facilitates easy wearability on the hand, while the elastic steel bar serves as the skeletal framework, simplifying the system architecture. Experimental outcomes reveal that the skeleton exhibits rapid response/reply times (0.6/0.2 s), a broad dynamic range (1–16 N), and superior linearity (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${R}^{{2}} gt 0.97$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). These attributes enable precise detection of hand movements and underscore its potential in pioneering next-generation human-computer interaction and artificial intelligence technologies.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 5","pages":"8106-8114"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A High-Voltage and High-Current Miniaturized Surface Flashover Triggered Vacuum Switch

IF 1.3 4区物理与天体物理

IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3526891

Ming Zhang;Minfu Liao;Gang Lu;Liang Bu;Longfei Yu;Yifan Sun;Xiongying Duan

{"title":"A High-Voltage and High-Current Miniaturized Surface Flashover Triggered Vacuum Switch","authors":"Ming Zhang;Minfu Liao;Gang Lu;Liang Bu;Longfei Yu;Yifan Sun;Xiongying Duan","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3526891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3526891","url":null,"abstract":"To satisfy the small size requirement of high-power closing switch for compact pulsed power system, a miniaturized surface flashover triggered vacuum switch (STVS) with high withstand voltage and high-current is designed in this article. Through optimizing the switch structure, the maximum withstand voltage of the switch is exceeding 35 kV and the maximum conduction current capacity is more than 40 kA under the dimensional parameters of a total height of 39.5 mm and a diameter of 39.5 mm. The experimental test circuit is built, and the conduction delay time characteristics and impedance parameters of the miniaturized STVS are measured under different operating conditions. The experimental results show that the conduction delay time of the miniaturized STVS is significantly reduced with the increase of the trigger current and the operating voltage. The increase in conduction current leads to a decrease in the impedance of the vacuum arc channel, which reduces the resistance and inductance of the miniaturized STVS. The change in trigger current has no effect on the miniaturized STVS impedance parameters. At the operating conditions of 9 A trigger current, 15 kV operating voltage, and 40 kA conduction current, the conduction delay time of the miniaturized STVS is 1048.8 ns, the jitter is 139.7 ns, the resistance at the peak current moment is 51.2 m<inline-formula> <tex-math>$Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and the inductance at the current passing zero moment is 151.9 nH. Moreover, the operating characteristics of the miniaturized STVS have not deteriorated significantly after 200 consecutive operations under this operating conditions.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 2","pages":"284-292"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Small-Signal 1-D Model of Multistage Serpentine Waveguide Traveling Wave Tubes With Severs

IF 1.3 4区物理与天体物理

IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2024.3520622

Kasra Rouhi;Robert Marosi;Tarek Mealy;Alexander Figotin;Filippo Capolino

{"title":"Small-Signal 1-D Model of Multistage Serpentine Waveguide Traveling Wave Tubes With Severs","authors":"Kasra Rouhi;Robert Marosi;Tarek Mealy;Alexander Figotin;Filippo Capolino","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3520622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3520622","url":null,"abstract":"We present a model for calculating the small-signal gain of a multistage serpentine waveguide traveling wave tube (TWT) with one or more severs. To mitigate the occurrence of self-oscillations, the TWT stages are separated by a sever to stop RF wave propagation while the modulated electron beam (e-beam) is free to pass and is modeled by the electrons’ motion equations. Our small-signal model is an advancement of the Pierce model, assuming 1-D electron flow along a slow wave structure (SWS), accounting for SWS dispersion, the space-charge effect, and a frequency-dependent coupling strength coefficient relating the characteristic impedance to the interaction impedance. We compute the theoretical gain versus frequency for the multistage TWT and compare our results with particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. The good agreement demonstrates the accuracy of our analytical model for the multistage serpentine waveguide TWT with one or more severs. Here, we focus on showing the performance of our model as an effective tool for designers rather than proposing an optimal design strategy.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 2","pages":"230-238"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Simple Yet Effective Subway Self-Positioning Method Based on Aerial-View Sleeper Detection

IF 4.3 2区综合性期刊

IEEE Sensors Journal Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2025.3531643

Jiajie Song;Ningfang Song;Xiong Pan;Xiaoxin Liu;Can Chen;Jingchun Cheng

{"title":"A Simple Yet Effective Subway Self-Positioning Method Based on Aerial-View Sleeper Detection","authors":"Jiajie Song;Ningfang Song;Xiong Pan;Xiaoxin Liu;Can Chen;Jingchun Cheng","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3531643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3531643","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid development of urban underground rail vehicles, subway positioning, which plays a fundamental role in the traffic navigation and collision avoidance systems, has become a research hot spot these years. Most current subway positioning methods rely on localization beacons densely preinstalled alongside the railway tracks, requiring massive costs for infrastructure and maintenance, while commonly lacking flexibility and anti-interference ability. In this article, we propose a low-cost and real-time visual-assisted self-localization framework to address the robust and convenient positioning problem for subways. First, we perform aerial-view rail sleeper detection based on the fast and efficient YOLOv8n network. The detection results are then used to achieve real-time correction of mileage values combined with geometric positioning information, obtaining precise subway locations. Front camera videos for subway driving scenes along a 6.9-km route are collected and annotated from the simulator for validation of the proposed method. Experimental results show that our aerial-view sleeper detection algorithm can efficiently detect sleeper positions with <inline-formula> <tex-math>${F}1$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-score of 0.929 at 1111 frames/s and that the proposed positioning framework achieves a mean percentage error (MPE) of 0.1%, demonstrating its continuous and high-precision self-localization capability.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 5","pages":"9185-9196"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0