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{"title":"Gut microbiota and metabolic characteristics in PWHIV with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).","authors":"Huiting Liu, Tianzhen Xu, Yongzheng Guo, Xiaotang Zhou, Chunhui Yan, Biao Zhu, Yirui Xie","doi":"10.1080/21505594.2026.2739091","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21505594.2026.2739091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global prevalence of Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) among persons with HIV (PWHIV) is estimated at 34%. This study examined the influence of gut microbial and metabolic alterations in PWHIV with MASLD. We conducted 16S rRNA sequencing on 60 fecal samples (24 from HIV group and 36 from HIV-MASLD group) to assess microbial composition, and employed LC/MS-based metabolomics on both fecal and plasma samples to identify variations in metabolites. An exploratory analysis was performed to compare plasma cytokines and oxidative stress markers between the two groups. Sequencing in the HIV-MASLD group showed lower <i>Faecalibacterium</i> and <i>Anaerobutyricum</i>, and higher <i>Klebsiella</i>, <i>Escherichia</i>, and <i>Enterococcus</i>. Metabolomic analysis revealed a reduction in anti-inflammatory metabolites (Dodecanedioic acid, 5-Phenylvaleric acid, Kynurenic acid) and antioxidant metabolites, coupled with an increase in the pro-inflammatory metabolite Gamma-Glutamyl-L-Putrescine in the HIV-MASLD group. And plasma analysis indicated a decline in 20-carboxy arachidonic acid. Additionally, <i>Faecalibacterium</i> and <i>Anaerobutyricum</i> correlated positively with anti-inflammatory metabolites, while <i>Klebsiella</i>, <i>Enterobacter</i>, and <i>Citrobacter</i> correlated negatively. Furthermore, <i>Faecalibacterium</i> and <i>Anaerobutyricum</i> also showed a moderate negative correlation with MDA levels. A random forest model using plasma metabolites showed the optimal discriminative ability for HIV-MASLD (AUC = 0.819 ± 0.0059). Differences in gut microbiota and metabolites in PWHIV may affect MASLD progression by influencing inflammation and oxidative stress. Modulating gut microbiota, such as adding <i>Faecalibacterium</i> and <i>Anaerobutyricum</i>, could be a treatment strategy for HIV-MASLD. Plasma metabolites have potential as noninvasive markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":23747,"journal":{"name":"Virulence","volume":"18 1","pages":"2739091"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2027-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13644625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Outcomes following invasive coronary angiography for patients with acute coronary syndromes pretreated with P2Y₁₂ inhibitors and considered for urgent coronary artery bypass graft surgery.","authors":"Chai Jin Lim, Manwi Singh, Mark Anthony Sammut, Mohammed Ejaz Faizur Rahman, William A E Parker, Syed Asif Arafat Sadeque, Robert F Storey","doi":"10.1080/14017431.2026.2746519","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14017431.2026.2746519","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This retrospective single-centre observational study included 262 sequential patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) undergoing invasive coronary angiography (ICA) while receiving P2Y₁₂ inhibitors and considered for coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG); P2Y₁₂ inhibitors (ticagrelor 91%, thienopyridine 9%) were stopped prior to CABG. The primary outcome was recurrent myocardial infarction or death following ICA and prior to revascularisation or decision for conservative management. 2 patients (0.8%) had recurrent MI and died following ICA and prior to planned CABG, demonstrating a small risk of MI and death in patients who have delays to CABG following ICA for ACS.</p>","PeriodicalId":21383,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal","volume":" ","pages":"2746519"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2027-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149138305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemodynamic effects of ventilating or not, during cardiopulmonary bypass in a porcine model.","authors":"Venny L Kvalheim, Arve Mongstad, Paul Husby, Lodve Stangeland, Elisabeth S Nginamau, Tarig A Osman, Shuntaro Yamada, Ketil Grong, Øyvind S Svendsen","doi":"10.1080/14017431.2026.2751272","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14017431.2026.2751272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background</i>. Optimal ventilator setting during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is unknown. Improved gas exchange and lung compliance have been suggested as favourable outcomes when lungs are ventilated. However, long-time effects have been hard to demonstrate. There has been less focus on the immediate circulatory effects of ventilator settings during cardioplegia and CPB, and potentially hemodynamic effects of different ventilator strategies are unknown. <i>Methods</i>. Sixteen anesthetized pigs on normothermic CPB with 80 min of aortic cross-clamp and cardioplegic arrest were randomized to a ventilated and a not ventilated group. After weaning, both cardiac-, hemodynamic-, and pulmonary functions were evaluated for up to 120 min. <i>Results</i>. Left ventricular variables and cardiac output did not differ between the two study groups, neither before nor after weaning. After weaning, mean pulmonary artery pressure was increased in ventilated compared to not ventilated animals. Neither pulmonary compliance nor oxygen uptake differed between groups in surviving animals. <i>Conclusions</i>. Disconnection of the ventilator during CPB and cardiac arrest did not affect lung compliance and oxygen uptake, neither positively nor negatively. In the ventilated group, a temporary increase in the pulmonary pressure after weaning was observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21383,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal","volume":" ","pages":"2751272"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2027-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149207871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comorbid asthma - occurrence and associations with patient-related outcomes in COPD: a cohort study.","authors":"Åsa Athlin, Karin Lisspers, Mikael Hasselgren, Björn Ställberg, Hanna Sandelowsky, Maaike Giezeman, Christer Janson, Marta A Kisiel, Gabriella Eliason, Anna Nager, Scott Montgomery, Josefin Sundh","doi":"10.1080/02813432.2026.2747915","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02813432.2026.2747915","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Clinical features of COPD and asthma overlap, complicating differential diagnosis. This study investigated the prevalence of comorbid asthma in COPD patients and its association with patient-related outcomes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Patients with a doctor's diagnosis of COPD were randomly selected in two cohorts 2005 (<i>n</i> = 1060) and 2014 (<i>n</i> = 1671), from primary and secondary care in Sweden. Data were collected from medical records and patient questionnaires at baseline and at follow-up (2012 and 2022, respectively). Questionnaires included data on exacerbations. Symptoms were assessed using the clinical COPD questionnaire (CCQ). Comorbid asthma was identified through medical records. Ten-year mortality data were obtained from national registers. Logistic and linear regression assessed associations with patient-reported outcomes; Cox regression was applied for mortality analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Comorbid asthma was found in 22% of the 2005 cohort and 9% of the 2014 cohort (<i>p</i> < .001). In both cohorts, it was associated with an increased risk of exacerbations: OR (95% CI) 1.58 (1.07-2.32), <i>p</i> = .02, and 2.20 (1.38-3.52), <i>p</i> < .001, respectively. No associations were found between comorbid asthma and worsening of health status (CCQ). Mortality risk did not differ in the 2005 cohort, HR (95% CI) 0.92 (0.71-1.18), but was lower in the 2014 cohort, HR (95% CI) 0.67 (0.49-0.93), <i>p</i> = .02.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Comorbid asthma in COPD has changed from 22 to 9%, potentially due to improved diagnostics. Comorbid asthma remains clinically relevant due to its association with an increased exacerbation risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":21521,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care","volume":"45 1","pages":"2747915"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2027-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13686181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149220678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A structured framework for assessment of rehabilitation and sick-listing (STARS) - experiences among healthcare professionals.","authors":"Eva-Marie Sundkvist, Inger Jansson, Annette Sverker, Elin Karlsson, Lena Rosenberg, Hanna Israelsson Larsen","doi":"10.1080/02813432.2026.2748807","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02813432.2026.2748807","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/purpose: </strong>The sick-listing process is often perceived uncertain and unclear by both patients and staff. To improve the process, a framework for structured assessment of rehabilitation and sick-listing (STARS) has been developed in the South-Eastern Healthcare Region in Sweden. STARS consists of seven methodological tools supporting healthcare professionals in sick-listing and rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to investigate how primary healthcare staff clinically involved in the sick leave process experience working according to STARS.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We used a qualitative design conducting focus group discussions (<i>n</i> = 7) with healthcare staff (<i>n</i> = 37). Eligible participants were physicians, rehabilitation coordinators and other healthcare professionals working clinically with patients. The focus group conversations were analyzed with thematic content analysis according to Braun and Clarke. The study was registered in clinicaltrials.gov (number NCT05655962).</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The participants' experience of working according to STARS were described by the overarching theme 'STARS as an enabling structure' formed by three themes and eight subthemes. The themes were 'Clearer roles and responsibilities through the RECO function', 'Moving from individual work to teamwork' and 'A more active and personalized rehabilitation and sick-listing process'.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest that implementing the STARS framework may provide a supportive structure for a uniform and consistent way of working across primary healthcare centers. By clarifying RECOs' roles and strengthening interprofessional collaboration, the framework may support a more patient-centered approach across services.</p>","PeriodicalId":21521,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care","volume":"45 1","pages":"2748807"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2027-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13686189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149228531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From bench to farm: leveraging <i>Drosophila</i> as a model insect for agricultural pest management.","authors":"Yao D Cai, Joanna C Chiu","doi":"10.1080/19336934.2026.2749209","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19336934.2026.2749209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The vinegar fly, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, has contributed tremendously to advancing our understanding of the fundamentals of biology, from the chromosomal theory of inheritance to the survival of multi-cellular organisms in spaceflight. The use of this insect as a model organism has provided insights into all branches of life sciences, including agricultural and environmental sciences. In the context of integrated pest management (IPM), which often relies on species-specific natural history and phenology of pest insects and biological control, <i>D. melanogaster</i> flies have continued to be a powerhouse. In this review, we seek to summarize the use of the <i>D. melanogaster</i> model in studying insect biology relevant to IPM, with a focus on investigating the mechanisms underlying insecticide resistance. We sample case studies that adopt forward genetic approaches to reveal molecular underpinnings of IPM-relevant phenotypes and reverse genetic approaches that elucidate genotype-phenotype relationships. In particular, we highlight the contribution of <i>D. melanogaster</i> in understanding the biology and in developing IPM for the spotted-wing drosophila, also known as <i>D. suzukii</i>, a pest <i>Drosophila</i> species that devastates fruit production worldwide. Finally, we summarize recently developed research tools and resources in <i>D. melanogaster</i> that have potential utility for agricultural pest management.</p>","PeriodicalId":12128,"journal":{"name":"Fly","volume":"21 1","pages":"2749209"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2027-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13690281/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149230995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and characterization of rabbit intramuscular preadipocytes: Establishing a foundation for studies of intramuscular fat metabolism.","authors":"Ifeanyi S Ahamba, Guohua Song, Lionel Kinkpe, Qianting Duan, Naqash Goswami, Zhuoya Jin, Jie Wu, Xianggui Dong, Zhanjun Ren","doi":"10.1080/10495398.2026.2740386","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10495398.2026.2740386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intramuscular fat (IMF) significantly influences meat quality, affecting flavor, tenderness, and juiciness. Despite extensive research on livestock such as cattle and pigs, the regulation of IMF in rabbits remains poorly understood. This study establishes a standardized in vitro method for isolating and characterizing intramuscular preadipocytes from the longissimus dorsi muscle of 3-day-old Hycole rabbits using enzymatic digestion and differential centrifugation. Three-day-old neonates were selected for initial protocol development due to their higher progenitor cell abundance and tissue accessibility, which facilitates method optimization and ensures consistent cell yields. Isolated cells displayed typical preadipocyte morphology and expressed key markers, including PREF-1, PPARγ, and Leptin, confirmed by RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence. Upon adipogenic induction, cells exhibited progressive lipid accumulation, as indicated by Oil Red O staining, and showed upregulated expression of <i>PPARG</i>, <i>C/EBPa</i>, and <i>FABP4</i>, confirming their differentiation potential. This study establishes a comprehensive protocol for isolating rabbit intramuscular preadipocytes, providing a foundational tool for investigating the molecular mechanisms of adipogenesis in lagomorphs. The model supports future studies on genetic and nutritional strategies to enhance rabbit meat quality while preserving its lean characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":7836,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biotechnology","volume":"38 1","pages":"2740386"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2027-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13700512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149236613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to the letter to the editor: \"exercise capacity-based risk stratification in adult congenital heart disease: from prognosis to clinical use\".","authors":"Sandra Dalman-Skogby, Bengt Johansson","doi":"10.1080/14017431.2026.2756721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14017431.2026.2756721","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21383,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal","volume":"61 1","pages":"2756721"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2027-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149343456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lived experience and global health architecture reform: from afterthought to cornerstone.","authors":"Johanna Ralston,Lavanya Vijayasingham,Chikhulupiliro Stanley Ng'ombe,Lucia Feito Allonca,Prisca Githuka,Nupur Lalvani,Ratna Devi","doi":"10.1016/j.langlo.2026.103999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langlo.2026.103999","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48783,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Global Health","volume":"22 1","pages":"103999"},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2027-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148400840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustaining progress in HIV care in Africa with a transition to enabled self-care: a modelling study.","authors":"Andrew N Phillips,Kenly Sikwese,Valentina Cambiano,Loveleen Bansi-Matharu,Jennifer Smith,Euphemia Sibanda,Cheryl Johnson,Brooke E Nichols,Edinah Mudimu,Frances M Cowan,Paul Revill","doi":"10.1016/s2214-109x(26)00088-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(26)00088-4","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDThe funding crisis for HIV services in east, central, southern, and west Africa means that innovative strategies for continuing prevention and care for HIV are needed. One such strategy is enabled self-care: the provision of free HIV self-tests, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), tenofovir-lamivudine-dolutegravir for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), and antiretroviral therapy (ART) provided in local pharmacies and by community-based health workers. We modelled the introduction of a policy of transition to enabled self-care compared with continuation of current service provision.METHODSWe used an established individual-based model (HIV Synthesis) to simulate HIV epidemics in 1000 setting scenarios representing diversity in setting characteristics across east, central, southern, and west Africa, and uncertainty in parameter values. For each setting scenario, we simulated 100 000 people aged ≥15 years between 1989 and 2076. The model incorporates ART access informed by studies of barriers to accessing clinics. Our main outcomes included the number of adults testing for HIV in a 3-month period, PrEP and PEP use, coverage of people on ART, HIV-related deaths, HIV incidence, perinatal transmission, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and costs. We chose a 50-year time horizon to capture the full effects of the policies. For each setting scenario, we performed three replicate runs for each of the two policies and for each policy took the mean across the three runs.FINDINGSOur model estimated that transitioning to enabled self-care would lead to increases in testing from a median of 5·0% (90% range 2·3-11·5) of adults testing per 3 months to 12·7% (6·6-21·1), an increase in PrEP and PEP use (+0·5% of adults [0·0-2·2]), and an increase in ART coverage for people with diagnosed HIV (+1% [0-3]) with enhanced benefits in those previously without access to PrEP and testing services. Enabled self-care was predicted to result in a median 18% (90% range 4-33) fewer HIV deaths, and a relative rate of 0·73 (0·52-0·94) in terms of HIV incidence per 100 person-years over 10 years. Overall, over a 50-year time horizon, enabled self-care was predicted to cut discounted programme costs by US$6·0 million (5·6-6·5; a 7% decrease), avert 34 000 (32 200 to 36 000) DALYS, and be cost-effective (at a cost-effectiveness threshold of $300 per DALY averted) in 95% of setting scenarios. The mean undiscounted annual cost per adult in the population per year across setting scenarios was $12 (median $11 [90% range 6-22]). The higher the HIV prevalence was in a setting scenario, the more cost-effective the policy was found to be (odds ratio 1·41 [95% CI 1·25-1·60] per 1% higher HIV prevalence).INTERPRETATIONIntroduction of community access to self-tests and antiretroviral drugs through a transition to enabled self-care is very likely to be cost-effective in most settings in east, central, southern, and west Africa; enable incidence declines to be sustained at reduced cos","PeriodicalId":48783,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Global Health","volume":"40 1","pages":"103943"},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2027-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148349219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}