Xing Yun , Kewen Zhang , Zhaojun Chu , Beitao Liu , Yan Kou , Xigao Jian , Zhihuan Weng
{"title":"Effect of curing temperature of phthalonitrile resin on the properties of resultant hierarchical porous carbon","authors":"Xing Yun , Kewen Zhang , Zhaojun Chu , Beitao Liu , Yan Kou , Xigao Jian , Zhihuan Weng","doi":"10.1016/j.cjche.2024.11.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjche.2024.11.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heteroatom-doped porous carbon materials have been widely studied due to their high specific surface area and high heteroatom content, but it is difficult to achieve high specific surface area and high heteroatom content at the same time. Herein, a simple method is introduced to prepare N/O co-doped hierarchical porous carbon materials (DNZKs). Phthalonitrile resins (DNZs) were prepared by using 1,3-<em>bis</em>(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)benzene as raw material and ZnCl<sub>2</sub>/urea as composite curing agent, and then using KOH as activator to successfully prepare DNZKs with high specific surface area, developed pores and high N/O content. The porous carbon material (DNZK@400) obtained at a curing temperature of 400 °C has the highest N content (4.97% (mass)), a large specific surface area (2026 m<sup>2</sup>·g<sup>−1</sup>), a high micropore proportion (0.9), a high O content (7.53% (mass)), and the best specific capacitance (up to 567 F·g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.1 A·g<sup>−1</sup>), which can be attribute to the high temperature resistance of the nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic structure in DNZs. When the mass ratio of resin and KOH is 1:1, the specific capacitance of the sample tested by the acid three-electrode system is obtained, and it is found that the material has high cycling stability (119% specific capacitance retention after 100,000 cycle tests). This work proposes a simple and easy-to-operate method for the preparation of multifunctional porous carbon.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9966,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"79 ","pages":"Pages 45-52"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoyu Zhou , Erwei Song , Mingmei Wang, Erqiang Wang
{"title":"Dynamic temperature control of dividing wall batch distillation with middle vessel based on neural network soft-sensor and fuzzy control","authors":"Xiaoyu Zhou , Erwei Song , Mingmei Wang, Erqiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cjche.2024.11.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjche.2024.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dividing wall batch distillation with middle vessel (DWBDM) is a new type of batch distillation column, with outstanding advantages of low capital cost, energy saving and flexible operation. However, temperature control of DWBDM process is challenging, since inherently dynamic and highly nonlinear, which make it difficult to give the controller reasonable set value or optimal temperature profile for temperature control scheme. To overcome this obstacle, this study proposes a new strategy to develop temperature control scheme for DWBDM combining neural network soft-sensor with fuzzy control. Dynamic model of DWBDM was firstly developed and numerically solved by Python, with three control schemes: composition control by PID and fuzzy control respectively, and temperature control by fuzzy control with neural network soft-sensor. For dynamic process, the neural networks with memory functions, such as RNN, LSTM and GRU, are used to handle with time-series data. The results from a case example show that the new control scheme can perform a good temperature control of DWBDM with the same or even better product purities as traditional PID or fuzzy control, and fuzzy control could reduce the effect of prediction error from neural network, indicating that it is a highly feasible and effective control approach for DWBDM, and could even be extended to other dynamic processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9966,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"79 ","pages":"Pages 200-211"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Li Wang , Shibo Wang , Huiqiang Yang , Yuling Zhai , Jianxin Xu
{"title":"Research on fluid motion characteristics and structural evolution in reciprocating mixing tanks","authors":"Li Wang , Shibo Wang , Huiqiang Yang , Yuling Zhai , Jianxin Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.cjche.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjche.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new stirring method, reciprocating stirring, is developed by incorporating a periodic axial reciprocating motion into conventional stirring. This study employs computational fluid dynamics methods, utilizing volume of fluid and user-defined functions to control and analyze the flow field characteristics in a reciprocating stirred tank. Compared to conventional stirring, reciprocating stirring increases the overall fluid velocity by approximately 7.9%, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) by 35.9% to 45.6%, and the turbulent dissipation rate by 10.6% to 15.7%. The primary reason is the dynamic integration of multiple flow regions, which enhances fluid interface interactions. Additionally, the study investigates the dynamic evolution of the vortex structure, uncovering the correlation between the impeller's start-stop behavior and the vortex area. The optimal impeller plate designs, forward sine-4/12<em>D</em> and reverse sine-5/12<em>D</em>, were determined based on the effective area of TKE. Reciprocating stirring, in comparison to conventional stirring, enhances secondary flow intensity by 67.3% to 93.7% and shortens mixing time by 56.6% to 173.0%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9966,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"79 ","pages":"Pages 120-134"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preparation and properties of antibacterial PVA@MCC composite membrane assisted by ionic liquids and DMSO","authors":"Pengcheng Hu, Aonan Lai, Shufeng Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.cjche.2024.10.039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjche.2024.10.039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The composite membrane of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was effectively synthesized using ionic liquids (ILs) as the solvent and dimethyl sulfone (DMSO) as the co-solvent through the phase conversion method. The effects of IL structure and the IL/DMSO mass ratio on the solubility of MCC were investigated. The findings indicated that the composite solvent functioned as a non-derivative solvent for MCC dissolution. The inclusion of DMSO decreased the viscosity of ILs and enhanced the rate of MCC dissolution. The solubility of MCC reached 14.5% (mass) when the mass ratio of [Bmim]Cl to DMSO was 1:1. The fabricated MCC membrane exhibited a smooth surface and a dense structure. PVA@MCC demonstrated exceptional mechanical properties and a uniform structure at a mass ratio of 2:1, with an elongation at break of 76% and a tensile strength of 14.6 MPa. The effects of antibacterial agents on the morphology, transmittance, mechanical properties, and antibacterial efficiency of PVA@MCC were investigated. The findings revealed that PVA@MCC fortified with clove oil showcased a flat and smooth surface, devoid of stratification or aggregation, and demonstrated superior mechanical properties compared to its counterparts with chitosan and ZnO additions. The elongation at break of PVA@MCC with clove oil increased to 137.6%, while its tensile strength decreased to 10.4 MPa. PVA@MCC with clove oil exhibited an antibacterial efficiency exceeding 68% against <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, thereby extending the shelf life of cherry tomatoes by an additional four days at ambient temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9966,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"79 ","pages":"Pages 72-80"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sustainable iron recovery from iron ore tailings using hydrogen-based reduction roasting and magnetic separation: A pilot-scale study","authors":"Xinran Zhu , Xuesong Sun , Yanjun Li , Yuexin Han","doi":"10.1016/j.cjche.2024.10.033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjche.2024.10.033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iron tailings are a common solid waste resource, posing serious environmental and spatial challenges. This study proposed a novel hydrogen-based reduction roasting (HRR) technology for the processing of iron tailings using a combined beneficiation and metallurgy approach. Pilot-cale experiment results indicated that under the gas composition of CO:H<sub>2</sub> = 1:3, and optimal roasting conditions at a reduction temperature of 520 °C, the majority of weakly magnetic hematite transforms into strongly magnetic magnetite during the reduction process. Combining roasting products with a magnetic separation–grinding–magnetic selection process yields a final iron concentrate with a grade of 56.68% iron and a recovery rate of 86.54%. Theoretical calculations suggested the annual production value can reach 29.7 million USD and a reduction of 20.79 tons of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions per year. This highlights that the use of HRR in conjunction with traditional beneficiation processes can effectively achieve comprehensive utilization of iron tailings, thereby reducing environmental impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9966,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"79 ","pages":"Pages 81-90"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermodynamic properties and reaction mechanism of coal reductive decomposition phosphogypsum to prepare CaO and SO2","authors":"Pengxing Yuan , Meng Li , Shiyi Chen , Wenguo Xiang","doi":"10.1016/j.cjche.2024.11.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjche.2024.11.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The thermal effects, spontaneity and proceeding degree of 32 chemical reactions during coal reductive decomposition phosphogypsum (PG) to prepare CaO and SO<sub>2</sub> are analyzed utilizing thermodynamic theory and method. The ideal reaction temperature for PG decomposition and desulfurization is 1173–1273 K. The 10 key chemical reactions controlling coal reductive decomposition PG have been selected. The heat release of critical exothermic reactions can satisfy the autothermal operation of PG decomposition and desulfurization process. Meanwhile, the spontaneity of oxidation reactions has thermodynamically priority over reduction reactions. But the reaction mechanism shows that the oxidation of CaS by O<sub>2</sub> is in parallel competition with the reduction of CaSO<sub>4</sub> by CO and C. Furthermore, clarifying the regulatory mechanisms of PG decomposition temperature and reaction atmosphere (reducibility and oxidation) is beneficial for maximizing the production of CaO and SO<sub>2</sub>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9966,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"79 ","pages":"Pages 135-144"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kai Huang , Chunlei Pei , Shuanghe Meng , Wuqiang Yang , Hua Li , Mao Ye , Jinlong Gong
{"title":"Effects of noise on fluidized bed characteristics measurements by electrical capacitance tomography","authors":"Kai Huang , Chunlei Pei , Shuanghe Meng , Wuqiang Yang , Hua Li , Mao Ye , Jinlong Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.cjche.2024.09.033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjche.2024.09.033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Noise is inevitable in electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) measurements. This paper describes the influence of noise on ECT performance for measuring gas–solids fluidized bed characteristics. The noise distribution is approximated by the Gaussian distribution and added to experimental capacitance data with various intensities. The equivalent signal strength (<span><math><mrow><mi>ϕ</mi></mrow></math></span>) that equals the signal-to-noise ratio of packed beds is used to evaluate noise levels. Results show that the Pearson correlation coefficient, which indicates the similarity of solids fraction distributions over pixels, increases with <span><math><mrow><mi>ϕ</mi></mrow></math></span>, and reconstructed images are more deteriorated at lower <span><math><mrow><mi>ϕ</mi></mrow></math></span>. Nevertheless, relative errors for average solids fraction and bubble size in each frame are less sensitive to noise, attributed to noise compromise caused by the process of pixel values. These findings provide useful guidance for assessing the accuracy of ECT measurements of multiphase flows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9966,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"79 ","pages":"Pages 219-233"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renjie Deng , Yunxuan Liu , Yan Li , Fangfang Zhao , Dejian Yan , Kuiyi You , He'an Luo
{"title":"Enhanced hydration efficiency of cyclohexene to cyclohexanol over acid-modified HZSM-5 catalysts under solvent-free conditions","authors":"Renjie Deng , Yunxuan Liu , Yan Li , Fangfang Zhao , Dejian Yan , Kuiyi You , He'an Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.cjche.2024.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjche.2024.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, several HZSM-5 catalysts with different Si/Al ratios treated with acids are selected as catalysts and used for hydration of cyclohexene to cyclohexanol. The results indicated that HZSM-5 (Si/Al = 38) modified with 4 mol·L<sup>−1</sup> nitric acid was selected as an efficient catalyst for improving the hydration efficiency of cyclohexene. Furthermore, the microstructures and properties of fresh, used and regenerated acid-modified catalysts have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm, Fourier transform infrared, thermal gravimetric analyzer, ammonia temperature programmed desorption and pyridine adsorbs fourier transform infrared. The characterization results indicated that the total surface areas and pore volume of HZSM-5 zeolite increased after nitric acid treatment due to the formation of mesoporous structure. This benefits the diffusion rate of reactants and products, which improves the hydration efficiency and stability of the catalyst. Under the catalysis of HZSM-5, the conversion of cyclohexene was found to be 9.0%. However, treatment of HZSM-5 with nitric acid enhanced the conversion of cyclohexene to 12.2%, achieving a selectivity of 99.7% for cyclohexanol under optimal reaction conditions. This work affords a mild and efficient approach for improving the hydration efficiency and has potential industrial application value.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9966,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"79 ","pages":"Pages 1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Structural modification and heat transfer enhancement on HKUST-1 for adsorbed natural gas","authors":"Hu Wang, Qingrong Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.cjche.2024.10.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjche.2024.10.035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>HKUST-1 is being considered as a promising storage medium for adsorbed natural gas (ANG), but the practical application still calls for the improvement on the adsorption capacity for methane, hydro-stability and apparent thermal conductivity. Here, incorporation and carbonization were employed to ameliorate the performances of HKUST-1, and the effect of mixing graphene oxide (GO) and graphite intercalation compounds (GIC) as well as equipping honeycomb heat exchanging device (HHED) on mitigating the thermal effect was also evaluated. Researches were conducted in terms of adsorption equilibrium of methane on the samples and the dynamic characteristic of a storage vessel during a typical flow rate of charge/discharge which is in correspondence with the typical consumption rate of the fuel required by the power unit. Results show that, in comparing with those of the sample (GOH-5) prepared by incorporating with 5% (mass) GO, the sample (EH-2) incorporated with the same mass of composite formed by mixing GO and GIC in a mass ratio 2:1 had 2.0%, 4.4%, 1.2% and 28.4% increment in specific surface area, specific microporous volume, mean pore width and thermal conductivity. Results also reveal that, within the temperature-pressure range 273–323 K and 0.3–3.5 MPa, the mean useable capacity (UC) of methane on EH-2 and GOH-5 samples consolidated under pressure 2 MPa is nearly equal, and the average useable capacity ratio (UCR) on the storage system obtained the largest value while HHED + GOH-P (formed by GOH-5 under pressure 2 MPa) was filled into the system. It suggests that incorporating HKUST-1 with composite contained certain amount of GIC is conducive to improving the thermal conductivity, but equipping HHED within the storage system is more effective in improving the performance of the ANG system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9966,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"79 ","pages":"Pages 109-119"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Changqing Su , Wentao Jiang , Yang Guo , Guodong Yi , Zengxing Li , Huan Li
{"title":"Rational molecular design of P-doped porous carbon material for the VOCs adsorption","authors":"Changqing Su , Wentao Jiang , Yang Guo , Guodong Yi , Zengxing Li , Huan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cjche.2024.11.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjche.2024.11.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study was to identify and synthesize functional groups for the efficient adsorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) through a combination of theoretical calculations, molecular design, and experimental validation. The density functional theory (DFT) calculation, focusing on the P-containing functional groups, showed that methanol adsorption was dominated by the electrostatic interaction between the carbon surface and methanol, while toluene was mainly trapped through π-π dispersive interaction between toluene molecule and functional group structure. The experimental results showed the phosphorus-doped carbon materials (PCAC) prepared by directly activating potassium phytate had a phosphorus content of up to 4.5% (atom), mainly in the form of C—O—P(O)(OH)<sub>2</sub>. The material exhibited a high specific area (987.6 m<sup>2</sup>·g<sup>−1</sup>) and a large adsorption capacity for methanol (440.0 mg·g<sup>−1</sup>) and toluene (350.1 mg·g<sup>−1</sup>). These properties were superior to those of the specific commercial activated carbon (CAC) sample used for comparison in this study. The adsorption efficiencies per unit specific surface area of PCAC were 0.45 mg·g⁻<sup>1</sup> m⁻<sup>2</sup> for methanol and 0.35 mg·g⁻<sup>1</sup>·m⁻<sup>2</sup> for toluene. This study provided a novel theoretical and experimental framework for the molecular design of polarized elements to enhance the adsorption of polar gases, offering significant advancements over existing commercial solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9966,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"79 ","pages":"Pages 155-163"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}