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Precision Probing of O-GalNAc Glycosylation Using Bump-and-Hole Engineering. 利用凹凸孔工程精确探测O-GalNAc糖基化。
IF 1.1 4区 化学
Chimia Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2025.146
Abdul Zafar, Benjamin Schumann
{"title":"Precision Probing of O-GalNAc Glycosylation Using Bump-and-Hole Engineering.","authors":"Abdul Zafar, Benjamin Schumann","doi":"10.2533/chimia.2025.146","DOIUrl":"10.2533/chimia.2025.146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glycosylation is a profound influencer of glycoprotein function. Glycans have a critical impact on health and disease, yet the tools to study them have trailed behind proteins and nucleic acids. O-GalNAc glycosylation involves the addition of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) to protein substrates. Dysregulation of O-GalNAc glycosylation is implicated in many pathologies such as cancer. Studying O-GalNAc glycosylation is complicated by the lack of a consensus sequence for initiation and the complex interdependence between a large family of 20 GalNAc transferases (GalNAc-Ts) in human cells. These issues necessitate precise methods of interrogating enzyme function. Herein, we discuss our own advances into the generation of precision tools to study O-GalNAc glycosylation and other glycosylation types. We discuss the use of bump-and-hole engineering to illuminate the roles of individual GalNAc-Ts. Engineering biosynthetic pathways enables cell line-specific uptake of chemical, editable sugars in co-culture settings. We provide an insight into the state-of-the-art in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":9957,"journal":{"name":"Chimia","volume":"79 3","pages":"146-151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Editorial. 社论
IF 1.1 4区 化学
Chimia Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2025.125
Amandine Kolleth, Vlad Pascanu
{"title":"Editorial.","authors":"Amandine Kolleth, Vlad Pascanu","doi":"10.2533/chimia.2025.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2025.125","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9957,"journal":{"name":"Chimia","volume":"79 3","pages":"125"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recent Advances in CBP/EP300 Degraders. CBP/EP300降解剂的研究进展
IF 1.1 4区 化学
Chimia Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2025.137
Leonardo Palaferri, Iván Cheng-Sánchez, Cristina Nevado
{"title":"Recent Advances in CBP/EP300 Degraders.","authors":"Leonardo Palaferri, Iván Cheng-Sánchez, Cristina Nevado","doi":"10.2533/chimia.2025.137","DOIUrl":"10.2533/chimia.2025.137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Targeted protein degradation (TPD) has emerged as an innovative therapeutic strategy, offering advantage over traditional approaches rooted in small-molecule inhibitors. Among the various modalities in TPD, proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and molecular glue degraders (MGDs) have arisen as leading modalities, distinguished by their ability to induce protein degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). In recent years, extensive research has focused on developing degraders targeting CREB-binding protein (CBP) and E1A-associated protein (EP300) - two homologous multidomain enzymes critical for enhancer-mediated transcription. This review explores the state of the art in CBP/EP300 degraders, underscoring the significant potential of these synthetic bifunctional compounds as innovative chemical tools and highly promising anticancer agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":9957,"journal":{"name":"Chimia","volume":"79 3","pages":"137-145"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Challenges and Opportunities in DNA Encoded Library Screens. DNA编码库屏幕的挑战与机遇。
IF 1.1 4区 化学
Chimia Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2025.158
Basilius Sauter, Pinwen Cai, Koder Dagher, Chiara Disraeli, Athira Kakkolliyil Prakash, Lukas Schneider, Ángel Cores Esperon, Dennis Gillingham
{"title":"Challenges and Opportunities in DNA Encoded Library Screens.","authors":"Basilius Sauter, Pinwen Cai, Koder Dagher, Chiara Disraeli, Athira Kakkolliyil Prakash, Lukas Schneider, Ángel Cores Esperon, Dennis Gillingham","doi":"10.2533/chimia.2025.158","DOIUrl":"10.2533/chimia.2025.158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In our lab we have been developing techniques that attempt to capture or amplify signals in pooled compound mixtures for several years. DNA encoded libraries (DELs) are the most widely used pooled mixtures in early drug discovery. DELs are massive collections of small molecules, where each individual molecule is covalently linked to a unique DNA strand that can serve as an identification tag by sequencing. The industry standard for selecting DELs is affinity enrichment, which inherently can only search for direct binding. We outline here two of the ways that we are attempting to extend the potential of DEL screens into new areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":9957,"journal":{"name":"Chimia","volume":"79 3","pages":"158-161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Control of Therapeutic Activity through Programmed Assembly. 通过程序化组装控制治疗活动。
IF 1.1 4区 化学
Chimia Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2025.128
Millicent Dockerill, Nicolas Winssinger
{"title":"Control of Therapeutic Activity through Programmed Assembly.","authors":"Millicent Dockerill, Nicolas Winssinger","doi":"10.2533/chimia.2025.128","DOIUrl":"10.2533/chimia.2025.128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review explores the control of therapeutic activity through programmed assembly of supramolecular systems. We examine the use of nucleic acids as scaffolds to create tailored assemblies of ligands, including glycan and peptide-based systems, drug-like small molecules or reagents for proximity-induced reactions. We discuss the principles of cooperativity in multivalent interactions, emphasizing their potential to enhance binding affinity and therapeutic efficacy and the opportunity to control their activity through strand displacement. We highlight seminal studies and illustrative case examples and address the challenges faced in translating these designs into clinical applications. Furthermore, we explore recent advancements that demonstrate successful in vivo applications, particularly in the context of anticoagulation therapies. This review aims to provide insights into the future of responsive therapeutic systems that leverage the programmability of supramolecular assemblies to develop potent and adaptable therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":9957,"journal":{"name":"Chimia","volume":"79 3","pages":"128-136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On Paper Diagnostics: A Brief History and Future Perspectives. 论文诊断学：简史与未来展望。
IF 1.1 4区 化学
Chimia Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2025.29
Nathan Khosla, Andrew DeMello, Daniel Richards
{"title":"On Paper Diagnostics: A Brief History and Future Perspectives.","authors":"Nathan Khosla, Andrew DeMello, Daniel Richards","doi":"10.2533/chimia.2025.29","DOIUrl":"10.2533/chimia.2025.29","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For centuries, diagnostic technologies have played a key role in medicine. Effective diagnostics can help clinicians identify the presence and extent of disease in their patients, as well as their general health. Precipitated by advances in biochemistry, chemistry, and engineering, the 20th and 21st centuries have witnessed rapid advancement in diagnostic technologies. However, these improvements have brought increased complexity and a corresponding move towards more centralized and specialized laboratories. This has led to significant healthcare disparities between high- and low/middle-income regions. However, with the introduction of paper-based diagnostics this paradigm has begun to shift, with new assay formats designed for point-of-care (PoC) or at-home use. By leveraging innovations from multiple fields, these paper-based tests can translate complex assay procedures into easy-to-use, single-step tests for the end user. In this review, we summarize the interdisciplinary beginnings of paper-based diagnostics, detailing their development through market introduction and commercial successes, and discuss the current state-of-the-art. Finally, we highlight areas for improvement and propose pathways that could enable increasingly complex chemistries to be performed on simple paper-based devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":9957,"journal":{"name":"Chimia","volume":"79 1-2","pages":"29-35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143536370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Portable and Handheld Raman Instruments Open a Multitude of Applications. 便携式和手持拉曼仪器打开了大量的应用。
IF 1.1 4区 化学
Chimia Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2025.46
Christoph Jansen
{"title":"Portable and Handheld Raman Instruments Open a Multitude of Applications.","authors":"Christoph Jansen","doi":"10.2533/chimia.2025.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2025.46","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fundamental science can sometimes take a long time until it is useful for practical applications, as was the case for Raman spectroscopy. For a long time, it lacked powerful excitation sources and sensitive detectors. However as technology evolved, the number of exciting applications has boomed. Modern Raman spectroscopy has significant advantages, especially in sample preparation. Handheld Raman devices can be very compact and therefore be easily taken to the sample instead of bringing the sample to the lab. Non-destructive measurements obviously are important in gemmology and mineralogy, even in space. In the field of archaeology, pigments in precious ancient paintings, scrolls or books can be identified. This application is also used to identify fraud and falsification and in studies from a medical school they have reported that Raman spectroscopy can be applied to distinguish cancerous tissue from healthy tissue. Due to the mobility and ruggedness of the handheld hardware, Raman spectroscopy can be used for police, firefighters, and military applications for identification of explosives and illicit drugs or warfare substances. With SERS (Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy), Raman spectroscopy can even be used for trace analysis. The SERS effect enhances the sensitivity of the Raman signal by a factor of up to 107. This enables, for example, measuring pesticide residuals on fruit or vegetable surfaces for food safety. It can also be used to identify traces of drugs, e.g. in urine. However, one of the most common Raman-applications is the identity check or verification of incoming goods (RMID) in the pharma industries, directly in the warehouse. Users appreciate the ease of use and the ruggedness of the Raman hardware.</p>","PeriodicalId":9957,"journal":{"name":"Chimia","volume":"79 1-2","pages":"46-51"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143536373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
High-Performance Data Acquisition for Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry. 傅里叶变换质谱的高性能数据采集。
IF 1.1 4区 化学
Chimia Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2025.77
Anton N Kozhinov, Konstantin O Nagornov, Yury O Tsybin
{"title":"High-Performance Data Acquisition for Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry.","authors":"Anton N Kozhinov, Konstantin O Nagornov, Yury O Tsybin","doi":"10.2533/chimia.2025.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2025.77","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-performance data acquisition and processing (DAQ) systems are characterized by their ability to capture, process, and transmit data with high speed, precision, and efficiency. Among commercial solutions for Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS), the FTMS Boosters developed by Spectroswiss stand out. These systems enhance the capabilities of FTMS platforms, such as Orbitrap and ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) instruments, by improving mass resolution, sensitivity, and data handling. This review highlights the impact of FTMS Boosters across six key applications: mass spectrometry imaging, charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS) and charge determination analysis (CHARDA), biopharmaceutical analysis, isotope ratio and trace analyses, super-resolution mass spectrometry, and complex mixture analysis. By advancing FTMS capabilities, FTMS Boosters not only elevate performance but also extend the operational lifespan of legacy FTMS systems, offering a sustainable and cost-effective path to improved MS functionality. As FTMS technologies advance with an increasing focus on acquiring and processing big data, FTMS Boosters, and other high-performance DAQ systems are set to become indispensable in addressing the growing demands of data-intensive scientific research and applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9957,"journal":{"name":"Chimia","volume":"79 1-2","pages":"77-83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143536886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Improving Robustness, Sensitivity and Simplicity of Potentiometric Sensors Through Symmetry and Conceptual Design. 通过对称和概念设计提高电位传感器的鲁棒性、灵敏度和简单性。
IF 1.1 4区 化学
Chimia Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2025.7
Eric Bakker
{"title":"Improving Robustness, Sensitivity and Simplicity of Potentiometric Sensors Through Symmetry and Conceptual Design.","authors":"Eric Bakker","doi":"10.2533/chimia.2025.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2025.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p> It is an enormous challenge to bring chemical sensing concepts from a controlled laboratory setting into the field while maintaining accuracy. In an environment of uncontrolled, fluctuating temperatures and a lack of repeated calibration, sensor reliability can rapidly deteriorate the accuracy. Today, many sensing concepts are explored for home use or as wearable sensors, and it is paramount to understand and optimize the chemistry for reliable measurements to become possible. This review focuses on the well-established class of potentiometric sensors, mostly known for the measurement of pH, with a range of electrolytes, and how conceptual advances can be used to make them as robust and sensitive as possible. While drawing from recent work of the group at the University of Geneva, the importance of symmetry is stressed to minimize the influence of temperature. The development of self-powered sensing systems that no longer require a battery is explained. This is then connected to protocols in which the sensitivity of these sensors can be reliably improved beyond that dictated by the Nernst equation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9957,"journal":{"name":"Chimia","volume":"79 1-2","pages":"7-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143536888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Extending Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering to Extreme Ultraviolet. 将共振非弹性x射线散射扩展到极紫外。
IF 1.1 4区 化学
Chimia Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2025.25
Samuel Menzi, Fabio La Mattina, Francesco Barbato, Yunieski Arbelo Pena, Sven Augustin, Gregor Knopp, Marcello Coreno, Stefano Orlando, Monica De Simone, Paolo Miotti, Fabio Frassetto, Luca Poletto, Davide Bleiner, Claudio Cirelli
{"title":"Extending Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering to Extreme Ultraviolet.","authors":"Samuel Menzi, Fabio La Mattina, Francesco Barbato, Yunieski Arbelo Pena, Sven Augustin, Gregor Knopp, Marcello Coreno, Stefano Orlando, Monica De Simone, Paolo Miotti, Fabio Frassetto, Luca Poletto, Davide Bleiner, Claudio Cirelli","doi":"10.2533/chimia.2025.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2025.25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present α-Al2O3 XAS, XES and RIXS measurements across the Al L2/L3 edges at about 79 eV excitation energy. In the emission spectra, we identify two fluorescence peaks, corresponding to electronic transitions into the 2p core hole from mixed states of Al 3s and Al 3d character, both mixed with O 2p orbitals. Even if the XAS spectrum shows more than one resonance, surprisingly only one clear RIXS signal with energy loss equal to 10.7 eV is present in the data. Nevertheless, this allows us to tentatively extract from the measured high-resolution data the linewidths for fluorescence and RIXS transitions, with the latter being almost a factor of two smaller than the former.</p>","PeriodicalId":9957,"journal":{"name":"Chimia","volume":"79 1-2","pages":"25-28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143536884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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