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Microfluidics for High-Throughput Screening and Directed Evolution in Agrochemical R&D. 微流体技术在农药研发中的高通量筛选和定向进化。
IF 1.1 4区 化学
Chimia Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2025.384
Vittorio Viri, Zane Duxbury, Gabriel Scalliet, Claudio Battilocchio, Stavros Stavrakis, Andrew DeMello
{"title":"Microfluidics for High-Throughput Screening and Directed Evolution in Agrochemical R&D.","authors":"Vittorio Viri, Zane Duxbury, Gabriel Scalliet, Claudio Battilocchio, Stavros Stavrakis, Andrew DeMello","doi":"10.2533/chimia.2025.384","DOIUrl":"10.2533/chimia.2025.384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Directed evolution (DE) optimizes biomolecules through natural selection principles, revolutionizing the development of proteins, nucleic acids, and strains for various applications. However, conventional DE methods face limitations in screening throughput, which can prevent the identification of rare but optimal variants within a population. Droplet-based microfluidics enable the transfer of conventional screening methods into nanolitre- scale droplets, enabling high-throughput screening while preserving genotype-phenotype connections. This technology allows rapid screening of millions of variants, opening new possibilities for microbial strain engineering and metabolite production optimization. We discuss the integration of microfluidics into DE workflows and reflect on its potential applications in agrochemical research, including enzyme evolution, crop trait improvement, and natural product biosynthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9957,"journal":{"name":"Chimia","volume":"79 6","pages":"384-389"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144494929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Role of Synthetic Organic Electrochemistry in the Technological Revolution of Pharmaceutical Industry. 合成有机电化学在制药工业技术革命中的作用。
IF 1.1 4区 化学
Chimia Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2025.417
Gabriele Laudadio
{"title":"The Role of Synthetic Organic Electrochemistry in the Technological Revolution of Pharmaceutical Industry.","authors":"Gabriele Laudadio","doi":"10.2533/chimia.2025.417","DOIUrl":"10.2533/chimia.2025.417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electrochemistry is significantly contributing to the technological revolution of organic synthesis, where the implementation of different techniques has garnered innovative and scalable synthetic methodologies. This article explores the impact of synthetic organic electrochemistry in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industry. Key examples in high throughput experimentation, medicinal chemistry, discovery process chemistry, and process chemistry are presented, highlighting the relevance of electrochemistry in the advancement of organic synthesis, and driving innovation in the fine chemical industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":9957,"journal":{"name":"Chimia","volume":"79 6","pages":"417-423"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144494930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Continuous Flow Singlet Oxygen Photooxygenation Reactions: Recent Advances and Applications. 连续流单线态氧光加氧反应：最新进展及应用。
IF 1.1 4区 化学
Chimia Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2025.404
Bruno Cerra, Federico Paccoia, Antimo Gioiello
{"title":"Continuous Flow Singlet Oxygen Photooxygenation Reactions: Recent Advances and Applications.","authors":"Bruno Cerra, Federico Paccoia, Antimo Gioiello","doi":"10.2533/chimia.2025.404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2025.404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photooxygenation reactions are sustainable alternatives to standard oxidation methods for the synthesis of crucial building blocks, natural products and drugs. This review is intended to provide readers with the latest advances on the development of singlet oxygen (1O2) mediated photooxygenations using continuous flow technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":9957,"journal":{"name":"Chimia","volume":"79 6","pages":"404-410"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144494924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hybrid Enabling Technologies for Organic Synthesis. 有机合成的混合支持技术。
IF 1.1 4区 化学
Chimia Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2025.424
Upendra K Sharma
{"title":"Hybrid Enabling Technologies for Organic Synthesis.","authors":"Upendra K Sharma","doi":"10.2533/chimia.2025.424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2025.424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this personal perspective, hybrid-enabling technologies refer to the integration of multiple methodologies, platforms, and technologies in organic synthesis to achieve more efficient, selective and sustainable chemical reactions. These technologies often combine with traditional or classical synthetic methods towards innovative synthetic approaches to address the challenges of conventional organic synthesis. This perspective emphasizes the utilization of enabling methods, with flow chemistry at the forefront, to achieve more sustainable production of biomolecules, agrochemicals as well as pharmaceuticals.</p>","PeriodicalId":9957,"journal":{"name":"Chimia","volume":"79 6","pages":"424-432"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144494927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Scalable Dynamic Cascade Flow Reactor for Challenging Continuous Heterogeneous Processes. 具有挑战性的连续非均相过程的可扩展动态级联流动反应器。
IF 1.1 4区 化学
Chimia Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2025.433
Kim-Long Diep, Emilie Buchs, Marlies Moser, Finn L Steinemann, Alain G Georg, Flavien L Morel, Michal Dabros, Roger Marti
{"title":"A Scalable Dynamic Cascade Flow Reactor for Challenging Continuous Heterogeneous Processes.","authors":"Kim-Long Diep, Emilie Buchs, Marlies Moser, Finn L Steinemann, Alain G Georg, Flavien L Morel, Michal Dabros, Roger Marti","doi":"10.2533/chimia.2025.433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2025.433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Continuous processes (often referred to as flow chemistry) offers multiple advantages over batch processes and are of particular interest for industrial applications as they provide a more direct path towards process intensification, increased safety and efficiency. However, some chemical processes are still challenging to run in a continuous fashion, such as reactions producing fouling, using stoichiometric amounts of solids, or requiring long residence times. For those kinds of reactions, batch approaches are usually preferred even though some processes would still benefit from the advantages inherent to flow. We herein report our testing and development of a scalable continuous flow reactor equipped with active mixing that was designed to handle those challenging continuous processes, such as the continuous formation of a Grignard reagent from a magnesium powder slurry.</p>","PeriodicalId":9957,"journal":{"name":"Chimia","volume":"79 6","pages":"433-440"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144494923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Editorial. 社论。
IF 1.1 4区 化学
Chimia Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2025.381
Claudio Battilocchio, Jean-Philippe Krieger
{"title":"Editorial.","authors":"Claudio Battilocchio, Jean-Philippe Krieger","doi":"10.2533/chimia.2025.381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2025.381","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9957,"journal":{"name":"Chimia","volume":"79 6","pages":"381"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144494925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Generation and Use of Reactive Intermediates Exploiting Flow Technology. 利用流动技术的反应性中间体的生成和使用。
IF 1.1 4区 化学
Chimia Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2025.396
Philip Jamieson, Davin Cronly, Marcus Baumann
{"title":"Generation and Use of Reactive Intermediates Exploiting Flow Technology.","authors":"Philip Jamieson, Davin Cronly, Marcus Baumann","doi":"10.2533/chimia.2025.396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2025.396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Continuous flow technology has matured into a valuable and widely exploited technology across academic and industrial laboratories. The safe and on-demand generation of reactive intermediates using miniaturized flow set-ups is of particular value to realize safer and more streamlined synthesis routes yielding important chemical building blocks. This focused review provides an update on recent studies highlighting the use of photochemistry, metalation reactions and electrochemistry to generate a variety of reactive intermediates showcasing successful implementations of flow processing as well as areas offering further opportunities.</p>","PeriodicalId":9957,"journal":{"name":"Chimia","volume":"79 6","pages":"396-403"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144494926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
WANTED: Flow Chemistry Reaction Data. 求购：流动化学反应数据。
IF 1.1 4区 化学
Chimia Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2025.390
Benjamin J Deadman
{"title":"WANTED: Flow Chemistry Reaction Data.","authors":"Benjamin J Deadman","doi":"10.2533/chimia.2025.390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2025.390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flow reaction data could have an outsized impact in the datasets which train the reaction prediction, chemical synthesis planning, and experiment design tools of tomorrow. This paper discusses why we should be increasing the availability of flow reaction data, and presents the Open Reaction Database as a schema and repository for such data. Best practices for defining flow reactions in the schema are discussed, highlighting those parts of the schema which are particularly relevant to flow reactions. Telescoped flow processes, and transient flow conditions are more complex to define in the schema, but options are presented for several typical scenarios. The paper concludes by opening a conversation with the flow chemistry community about how they would prefer to search for flow reaction data, and how to archive their own reaction data.</p>","PeriodicalId":9957,"journal":{"name":"Chimia","volume":"79 6","pages":"390-395"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144494932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unlocking the Potential of Flow Biocatalysis with Enzyme Immobilization. 利用酶固定化释放流动生物催化的潜力。
IF 1.1 4区 化学
Chimia Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2025.411
Cristina Lía Fernández Regueiro, David Roura Padrosa
{"title":"Unlocking the Potential of Flow Biocatalysis with Enzyme Immobilization.","authors":"Cristina Lía Fernández Regueiro, David Roura Padrosa","doi":"10.2533/chimia.2025.411","DOIUrl":"10.2533/chimia.2025.411","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flow biocatalysis combines the superior selectivity and sustainability of enzymes with the flexibility, automation potential, and enhanced productivity of continuous manufacturing. However, to apply a biocatalytic step in flow, some intrinsic limitations of biocatalysts must be addressed, especially their stability and reusability. Thus, enzyme immobilization is a key enabling technology and remains a critical step and one of the main bottlenecks. Immobilizing enzymes on solid supports improves their stability, reusability, and compatibility with flow conditions, but it is limited by the trial-and-error approach at the development stages. In this short perspective, we discuss recent innovations in enzyme immobilization, including in silico design, the combination with 3D printing and high-throughput screening, and present selected examples of applications in flow of immobilized enzymes, with a particular focus on process flexibility and their combination into chemoenzymatic cascades.</p>","PeriodicalId":9957,"journal":{"name":"Chimia","volume":"79 6","pages":"411-416"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144494931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Kinetic Investigation of the Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Benzylphenylephrone in Continuous Flow. 苯甲肾上腺素连续流不对称加氢反应动力学研究。
IF 1.1 4区 化学
Chimia Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2025.441
Maurice Moll, Björn Wängler, Carmen Wängler, Thorsten Röder
{"title":"Kinetic Investigation of the Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Benzylphenylephrone in Continuous Flow.","authors":"Maurice Moll, Björn Wängler, Carmen Wängler, Thorsten Röder","doi":"10.2533/chimia.2025.441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2025.441","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the pharmaceutical industry, efficient, fast, and cost-effective API manufacturing processes are crucial for maintaining competitiveness. However, traditional production methods are often dominated by multi-purpose batch processes and empirical development approaches. This study presents the design and development of a fully automated, mL-scale continuous flow process for the asymmetric hydrogenation of benzylphenylephrone to (R)-benzylphenylephrine (BPE). The process employs a rhodium-based homogeneous catalyst under high pressure (up to 65 bar), achieving conversions of >96%, yields of up to 95% and high enantiomeric excess (ee) of up to 91%, with residence times of less than five minutes and a molar substrate to catalyst ratio (S/C) of 750. Kinetic investigations were conducted in a continuous flow microreactor, resulting in the development of a kinetic model that closely matches experimental data.</p>","PeriodicalId":9957,"journal":{"name":"Chimia","volume":"79 6","pages":"441-448"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144494928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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