Cell structure and function最新文献_第8页

Centrosomal and Non-centrosomal Functions Emerged through Eliminating Centrosomes. 通过消除中心体产生中心体和非中心体功能

IF 1.5 4区生物学

Cell structure and function Pub Date : 2020-05-23 Epub Date: 2020-04-09 DOI: 10.1247/csf.20007

Yutaka Takeda, Kanako Kuroki, Takumi Chinen, Daiju Kitagawa

引用次数: 9

Rab7B/42 Is Functionally Involved in Protein Degradation on Melanosomes in Keratinocytes. Rab7B/42 在功能上参与角质形成细胞黑色素体上的蛋白质降解

IF 1.5 4区生物学

Cell structure and function Pub Date : 2020-03-18 Epub Date: 2020-02-07 DOI: 10.1247/csf.19039

Soujiro Marubashi, Mitsunori Fukuda

{"title":"Rab7B/42 Is Functionally Involved in Protein Degradation on Melanosomes in Keratinocytes.","authors":"Soujiro Marubashi, Mitsunori Fukuda","doi":"10.1247/csf.19039","DOIUrl":"10.1247/csf.19039","url":null,"abstract":"Keratinocytes uptake melanosomes from melanocytes and retain them in the perinuclear region, where they form melanin caps. Although these processes are crucial to protecting nuclear DNA against ultraviolet injury, the molecular basis of melanosome uptake and decomposition in keratinocytes is poorly understood. One of the major reasons for its being poorly understood is the lack of a specific marker protein that can be used to visualize or monitor melanosomes (or melanosome-containing compartments) that have been incorporated into keratinocytes. In this study, we performed a comprehensive localization screening for mammalian Rab family small GTPases (Rab1-45) and succeeded in identifying 11 Rabs that were enriched around melanosomes that had been incorporated into keratinocytes. We also established a new assay by using a recently developed melanosome probe (called M-INK) as a means of quantitatively assessing the degradation of proteins on incorporated melanosomes in control and each of a series of Rab-knockdown keratinocytes. The results showed that knockdown or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of Rab7B (also identified as Rab42) in keratinocytes caused strong inhibition of protein degradation on melanosomes. Our findings indicated that Rab7B/42 is recruited to melanosome-containing compartments and that it promotes protein degradation on melanosomes in keratinocytes.Key words: degradation, keratinocytes, melanocytes, melanosome, Rab small GTPase.","PeriodicalId":9927,"journal":{"name":"Cell structure and function","volume":"45 1","pages":"45-55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1247/csf.19039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37625986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Hierarchical Development of Motile Polarity in Durotactic Cells Just Crossing an Elasticity Boundary. 刚跨过弹性边界的绒毛细胞运动极性的分层发展

IF 1.5 4区生物学

Cell structure and function Pub Date : 2020-02-22 Epub Date: 2019-12-27 DOI: 10.1247/csf.19040

Thasaneeya Kuboki, Hiroyuki Ebata, Tomoki Matsuda, Yoshiyuki Arai, Takeharu Nagai, Satoru Kidoaki

{"title":"Hierarchical Development of Motile Polarity in Durotactic Cells Just Crossing an Elasticity Boundary.","authors":"Thasaneeya Kuboki, Hiroyuki Ebata, Tomoki Matsuda, Yoshiyuki Arai, Takeharu Nagai, Satoru Kidoaki","doi":"10.1247/csf.19040","DOIUrl":"10.1247/csf.19040","url":null,"abstract":"Cellular durotaxis has been extensively studied in the field of mechanobiology. In principle, asymmetric mechanical field of a stiffness gradient generates motile polarity in a cell, which is a driving factor of durotaxis. However, the actual process by which the motile polarity in durotaxis develops is still unclear. In this study, to clarify the details of the kinetics of the development of durotactic polarity, we investigated the dynamics of both cell-shaping and the microscopic turnover of focal adhesions (FAs) for Venus-paxillin-expressing fibroblasts just crossing an elasticity boundary prepared on microelastically patterned gels. The Fourier mode analysis of cell-shaping based on a persistent random deformation model revealed that motile polarity at a cell-body scale was established within the first few hours after the leading edges of a moving cell passed through the boundary from the soft to the stiff regions. A fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) analysis showed that the mobile fractions of paxillin at FAs in the anterior part of the cells exhibited an asymmetric increase within several tens of minutes after cells entered the stiff region. The results demonstrated that motile polarity in durotactic cells is established through the hierarchical step-wise development of different types of asymmetricity in the kinetics of FAs activity and cell-shaping with a several-hour time lag.Key words: Microelasticity patterned gel, durotaxis, cell polarity, focal adhesions, paxillin.","PeriodicalId":9927,"journal":{"name":"Cell structure and function","volume":"45 1","pages":"33-43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10739161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37513057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Development of a Rapid in vivo Assay to Evaluate the Efficacy of IRE1-specific Inhibitors of the Unfolded Protein Response Using Medaka Fish. 利用青鳉鱼开发一种快速体内测定法，以评估 IRE1 特异性抑制剂对折叠蛋白反应的功效。

IF 1.5 4区生物学

Cell structure and function Pub Date : 2020-02-07 Epub Date: 2019-12-26 DOI: 10.1247/csf.19032

Byungseok Jin, Tokiro Ishikawa, Mai Taniguchi, Satoshi Ninagawa, Tetsuya Okada, Shigehide Kagaya, Kazutoshi Mori

{"title":"Development of a Rapid in vivo Assay to Evaluate the Efficacy of IRE1-specific Inhibitors of the Unfolded Protein Response Using Medaka Fish.","authors":"Byungseok Jin, Tokiro Ishikawa, Mai Taniguchi, Satoshi Ninagawa, Tetsuya Okada, Shigehide Kagaya, Kazutoshi Mori","doi":"10.1247/csf.19032","DOIUrl":"10.1247/csf.19032","url":null,"abstract":"Three types of transmembrane protein, IRE1α/IRE1β, PERK, and ATF6α/ATF6β, are expressed ubiquitously in vertebrates as transducers of the unfolded protein response (UPR), which maintains the homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum. IRE1 is highly conserved from yeast to mammals, and transmits a signal by a unique mechanism, namely splicing of mRNA encoding XBP1, the transcription factor downstream of IRE1 in metazoans. IRE1 contains a ribonuclease domain in its cytoplasmic region which initiates splicing reaction by direct cleavage of XBP1 mRNA at the two stem loop structures. As the UPR is considered to be involved in the development and progression of various diseases, as well as in the survival and growth of tumor cells, UPR inhibitors have been sought. To date, IRE1 inhibitors have been screened using cell-based reporter assays and fluorescent-based in vitro cleavage assays. Here, we used medaka fish to develop an in vivo assay for IRE1α inhibitors. IRE1α, IRE1β, ATF6α and ATF6β are ubiquitously expressed in medaka. We found that IRE1α/ATF6α-double knockout is lethal, similarly to IRE1α/IRE1β- and ATF6α/ATF6β-double knockout. Therefore, IRE1 inhibitors are expected to confer lethality to ATF6α-knockout medaka but not to wild-type medaka. One compound named K114 was obtained from 1,280 compounds using this phenotypic screening. K114 inhibited ER stress-induced splicing of XBP1 mRNA as well as reporter luciferase expression in HCT116 cells derived from human colorectal carcinoma, and inhibited ribonuclease activity of human IRE1α in vitro. Thus, this phenotypic assay can be used as a quick test for the efficacy of IRE1α inhibitors in vivo.Key words: endoplasmic reticulum, inhibitor screening, mRNA splicing, phenotypic assay, unfolded protein response.","PeriodicalId":9927,"journal":{"name":"Cell structure and function","volume":"45 1","pages":"23-31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1247/csf.19032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37489908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Myogenesis 肌肉发生

IF 1.5 4区生物学

Cell structure and function Pub Date : 2020-02-02 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-343-1

Y. Shimada, E. Ozawa

引用次数: 9

DNA repair. DNA修复。

IF 1.5 4区生物学

Cell structure and function Pub Date : 2020-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/s1876-1623(19)x0002-4

M. Sekiguchi

引用次数: 1

Reinvestigation of Disulfide-bonded Oligomeric Forms of the Unfolded Protein Response Transducer ATF6. 重新研究未折叠蛋白反应转换器 ATF6 的二硫键寡聚体形式。

IF 1.5 4区生物学

Cell structure and function Pub Date : 2020-01-30 Epub Date: 2019-12-19 DOI: 10.1247/csf.19030

Hibiki Koba, Shengyu Jin, Nanami Imada, Tokiro Ishikawa, Satoshi Ninagawa, Tetsuya Okada, Tetsushi Sakuma, Takashi Yamamoto, Kazutoshi Mori

{"title":"Reinvestigation of Disulfide-bonded Oligomeric Forms of the Unfolded Protein Response Transducer ATF6.","authors":"Hibiki Koba, Shengyu Jin, Nanami Imada, Tokiro Ishikawa, Satoshi Ninagawa, Tetsuya Okada, Tetsushi Sakuma, Takashi Yamamoto, Kazutoshi Mori","doi":"10.1247/csf.19030","DOIUrl":"10.1247/csf.19030","url":null,"abstract":"ATF6α is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-embedded transcription factor which is rapidly activated by ER stress, and a major regulator of ER chaperone levels in vertebrates. We previously suggested that ATF6α occurs as a monomer, dimer and oligomer in the unstressed ER of Chinese hamster ovary cells due to the presence of two evolutionarily conserved cysteine residues in its luminal region (C467 and C618), and showed that ATF6α is reduced upon ER stress, such that only reduced monomer ATF6α is translocated to the Golgi apparatus for activation by proteolysis. However, mutagenesis analysis (C467A and C618A) revealed that the C618A mutant behaves in an unexpected manner (monomer and oligomer) during non-reducing SDS-PAGE, for reasons which remained unclear. Here, we used human colorectal carcinoma-derived HCT116 cells deficient in ATF6α and its relevant ATF6β, and found that ATF6α dimer and oligomer are both dimers, which we designated C618-dimer and C467-dimer, respectively. We demonstrated that C467-dimer (previously considered an oligomer) behaved bigger than C618-dimer (previously considered a dimer) during non-reducing SDS-PAGE, based on their disulfide-bonded structures. Furthermore, ATF6α monomer physically associates with another ATF6α monomer in the absence of disulfide bonding, which renders two C467 residues in close proximity so that formation of C467-dimer is much easier than that of C618-dimer. In contrast, C618-dimer is more easily reduced upon ER stress. Thus, our analysis revealed that all forms of ATF6α, namely monomer, C618-dimer and C467-dimer, are activated by single reduction of a disulfide bond in response to ER stress, ensuring the rapidity of ATF6α activation.Key words: disulfide-bonded structure, endoplasmic reticulum, membrane-bound transcription factor, non-reducing SDS-PAGE, unfolded protein response.","PeriodicalId":9927,"journal":{"name":"Cell structure and function","volume":"45 1","pages":"9-21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1247/csf.19030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37470936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Expansão Maxilar Apoiada em Mini-implantes (MARPE) – guia prático para planejamento e instalação 微型种植体支持的上颌扩张(MARPE) -规划和安装实用指南

IF 1.5 4区生物学

Cell structure and function Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.24077/2020;1352-csf1024

L. Fernandes, Jonas Capelli Júnior, J. A. M. Miguel

引用次数: 0

p18/Lamtor1-mTORC1 Signaling Controls Development of Mucin-producing Goblet Cells in the Intestine. p18/Lamtor1-mTORC1信号传导控制着肠道中产生黏蛋白的上皮细胞的发育。

IF 1.5 4区生物学

Cell structure and function Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1247/csf.20018

Shizuka Ito, Shigeyuki Nada, Daisuke Yamazaki, Tetsuya Kimura, Kentaro Kajiwara, Hiroaki Miki, Masato Okada

{"title":"p18/Lamtor1-mTORC1 Signaling Controls Development of Mucin-producing Goblet Cells in the Intestine.","authors":"Shizuka Ito, Shigeyuki Nada, Daisuke Yamazaki, Tetsuya Kimura, Kentaro Kajiwara, Hiroaki Miki, Masato Okada","doi":"10.1247/csf.20018","DOIUrl":"10.1247/csf.20018","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) plays a pivotal role in controlling cell growth and metabolism in response to nutrients and growth factors. The activity of mTORC1 is dually regulated by amino acids and growth factor signaling, and amino acid-dependent mTORC1 activity is regulated by mTORC1 interaction with the Ragulator-Rag GTPase complex, which is localized to the surface of lysosomes via a membrane-anchored protein, p18/Lamtor1. However, the physiological function of p18-Ragulator-dependent mTORC1 signaling remains elusive. The present study evaluated the function of p18-mediated mTORC1 signaling in the intestinal epithelia using p18 conditional knockout mice. In p18 knockout colonic crypts, mTORC1 was delocalized from lysosomes, and in vivo mTORC1 activity was markedly decreased. Histologically, p18 knockout crypts exhibited significantly increased proliferating cells and dramatically decreased mucin-producing goblet cells, while overall crypt architecture and enteroendocrine cell differentiation were unaffected. Furthermore, p18 knockout crypts normally expressed transcription factors implicated in crypt differentiation, such as Cdx2 and Klf4, indicating that p18 ablation did not affect the genetic program of cell differentiation. Analysis of colon crypt organoid cultures revealed that both p18 ablation and rapamycin treatment robustly suppressed development of mucin-producing goblet cells. Hence, p18-mediated mTORC1 signaling could promote the anabolic metabolism required for robust mucin production in goblet cells to protect the intestinal epithelia from various external stressors.Key words: mTORC1, p18/lamtor1, intestinal epithelium, goblet cells, mucin.","PeriodicalId":9927,"journal":{"name":"Cell structure and function","volume":"45 2","pages":"93-105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10511045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38139562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Determinando diâmetro mésio-distal de dentes anteriores em paciente com agenesia dentária 确定牙齿发育不全患者前牙近端-远端直径

IF 1.5 4区生物学

Cell structure and function Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.24077/2020;1351-csf1019

Diego Ramires Silva Santos, J. A. M. Miguel

引用次数: 0