Cell structure and function最新文献

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Mevalonate Pathway-mediated ER Homeostasis Is Required for Haploid Stability in Human Somatic Cells. 人类体细胞单倍体稳定性需要甲羟戊酸途径介导的ER平衡
IF 2 4区 生物学
Cell structure and function Pub Date : 2021-02-19 Epub Date: 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.1247/csf.20055
Kan Yaguchi, Kimino Sato, Koya Yoshizawa, Daisuke Mikami, Kohei Yuyama, Yasuyuki Igarashi, Gabor Banhegyi, Eva Margittai, Ryota Uehara
{"title":"Mevalonate Pathway-mediated ER Homeostasis Is Required for Haploid Stability in Human Somatic Cells.","authors":"Kan Yaguchi, Kimino Sato, Koya Yoshizawa, Daisuke Mikami, Kohei Yuyama, Yasuyuki Igarashi, Gabor Banhegyi, Eva Margittai, Ryota Uehara","doi":"10.1247/csf.20055","DOIUrl":"10.1247/csf.20055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The somatic haploidy is unstable in diplontic animals, but cellular processes determining haploid stability remain elusive. Here, we found that inhibition of mevalonate pathway by pitavastatin, a widely used cholesterol-lowering drug, drastically destabilized the haploid state in HAP1 cells. Interestingly, cholesterol supplementation did not restore haploid stability in pitavastatin-treated cells, and cholesterol inhibitor U18666A did not phenocopy haploid destabilization. These results ruled out the involvement of cholesterol in haploid stability. Besides cholesterol perturbation, pitavastatin induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, the suppression of which by a chemical chaperon significantly restored haploid stability in pitavastatin-treated cells. Our data demonstrate the involvement of the mevalonate pathway in the stability of the haploid state in human somatic cells through managing ER stress, highlighting a novel link between ploidy and ER homeostatic control.Key words: haploid, ER stress, Mevalonate pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":9927,"journal":{"name":"Cell structure and function","volume":"46 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10511059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38749324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Antiviral Drug Screening Platform with a FRET Biosensor for Measurement of Arenavirus Z Assembly. 利用 FRET 生物传感器测量阿伦病毒 Z 组装的抗病毒药物筛选平台。
IF 1.5 4区 生物学
Cell structure and function Pub Date : 2020-12-25 Epub Date: 2020-11-13 DOI: 10.1247/csf.20030
Tatsuaki Mizutani, Yusuke Ohba, Satoshi Mizuta, Jiro Yasuda, Shuzo Urata
{"title":"An Antiviral Drug Screening Platform with a FRET Biosensor for Measurement of Arenavirus Z Assembly.","authors":"Tatsuaki Mizutani, Yusuke Ohba, Satoshi Mizuta, Jiro Yasuda, Shuzo Urata","doi":"10.1247/csf.20030","DOIUrl":"10.1247/csf.20030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The smallest arenavirus gene product, Z protein, plays critical roles in the virus life cycle. Z is the major driving force of budding and particle production because of a unique property that defines self-assembly. In addition to the roles in budding, Z also participates in the suppression of type I interferon production to evade host antiviral immunity. Therefore, Z and its assembled form are an attractive drug target for arenaviral hemorrhagic fever, such as Lassa fever. Here, we developed a biosensor that enabled the evaluation of the prototype arenavirus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), Z assembly using the principle of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). This FRET biosensor consisted of three tandem Z that were sandwiched between super-enhanced cyan-emitting fluorescent protein and variant of a yellow-emitting mutant of green fluorescent protein so that Z-Z intermolecular binding via the really interesting new gene finger domain increased the emission ratio. To identify novel anti-arenavirus compounds, the FRET biosensor was employed to screen the PathogenBox400 for inhibitors of Z assembly in a 96-well plate format. The assay performed well, with a Z'-factor of 0.89, and identified two compounds that decreased the emission ratio of the FRET biosensor in a dose-dependent manner. Of them, the compound, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-7-(benzyl)-pyrido[4',3':4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2,4-diamine, was found to significantly inhibit LCMV propagation in infected cells. Thereby, the present study demonstrated that a novel FRET biosensor incorporating Z assembly built on FRET and named Zabton, was a valuable screening tool to identify anti-arenavirus compounds in the context of inhibition of Z assembly.Key words: Arenavirus, Förster resonance energy transfer, anti-viral drugs, Z protein.</p>","PeriodicalId":9927,"journal":{"name":"Cell structure and function","volume":"45 2","pages":"155-163"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10511043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38603021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prickle2 and Igsf9b Coordinately Regulate the Cytoarchitecture of the Axon Initial Segment. Prickle2和Igsf9b协调调控轴突起始段的细胞结构
IF 1.5 4区 生物学
Cell structure and function Pub Date : 2020-09-01 Epub Date: 2020-07-08 DOI: 10.1247/csf.20028
Md Imrul Hasan Chowdhury, Tomoki Nishioka, Noriko Mishima, Toshihisa Ohtsuka, Kozo Kaibuchi, Daisuke Tsuboi
{"title":"Prickle2 and Igsf9b Coordinately Regulate the Cytoarchitecture of the Axon Initial Segment.","authors":"Md Imrul Hasan Chowdhury, Tomoki Nishioka, Noriko Mishima, Toshihisa Ohtsuka, Kozo Kaibuchi, Daisuke Tsuboi","doi":"10.1247/csf.20028","DOIUrl":"10.1247/csf.20028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prickle2 has been identified in genetic studies of subjects with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and epilepsy, but the pathological mechanism of Prickle2 remains to be fully understood. Proteomic analysis of Prickle2 with mass spectrometry revealed twenty-eight Prickle2 interactors, including immunoglobulin superfamily member 9b (Igsf9b), in the brain. Here, because Igsf9 family proteins are associated with psychiatric diseases and seizures, we studied the physiological interaction between Prickle2 and Igsf9b. Prickle2 colocalized with Igsf9b in cultured hippocampal neurons. Knockdown of Prickle2 affected the subcellular localization of Igsf9b. Interestingly, Igsf9b localized along axonal processes in a pattern opposite to the ASD-related molecule ANK3/AnkG. AnkG is a major component of the axon initial segment (AIS), where a variety of ASD and epilepsy susceptibility proteins accumulate. Igsf9b-knockdown neurons displayed altered AnkG localization. Prickle2 depletion caused defects in AnkG and voltage-gated Na+ channel localization, resulting in altered network activity. These results support the idea that Prickle2 regulates AnkG distribution by controlling the proper localization of Igsf9b. The novel function of Prickle2 in AIS cytoarchitecture provides new insights into the shared pathology of ASD and epilepsy.Key words: Prickle2, Igsf9b, axon initial segment, neuronal excitability, ASD.</p>","PeriodicalId":9927,"journal":{"name":"Cell structure and function","volume":"45 2","pages":"143-154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10511046/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38132732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Biliverdin Reductase-A Deficiency Brighten and Sensitize Biliverdin-binding Chromoproteins. 胆绿素还原酶-A 缺乏会使胆绿素结合色蛋白变亮和敏感。
IF 1.5 4区 生物学
Cell structure and function Pub Date : 2020-08-21 Epub Date: 2020-06-25 DOI: 10.1247/csf.20010
Kenju Kobachi, Sota Kuno, Shinya Sato, Kenta Sumiyama, Michiyuki Matsuda, Kenta Terai
{"title":"Biliverdin Reductase-A Deficiency Brighten and Sensitize Biliverdin-binding Chromoproteins.","authors":"Kenju Kobachi, Sota Kuno, Shinya Sato, Kenta Sumiyama, Michiyuki Matsuda, Kenta Terai","doi":"10.1247/csf.20010","DOIUrl":"10.1247/csf.20010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tissue absorbance, light scattering, and autofluorescence are significantly lower in the near-infrared (NIR) range than in the visible range. Because of these advantages, NIR fluorescent proteins (FPs) are in high demand for in vivo imaging. Nevertheless, application of NIR FPs such as iRFP is still limited due to their dimness in mammalian cells. In contrast to GFP and its variants, iRFP requires biliverdin (BV) as a chromophore. The dimness of iRFP is at least partly due to rapid reduction of BV by biliverdin reductase-A (BLVRA). Here, we established biliverdin reductase-a knockout (Blvra<sup>-/-</sup>) mice to increase the intracellular BV concentration and, thereby, to enhance iRFP fluorescence intensity. As anticipated, iRFP fluorescence intensity was significantly increased in all examined tissues of Blvra<sup>-/-</sup> mice. Similarly, the genetically encoded calcium indicator NIR-GECO1, which is engineered based on another NIR FP, mIFP, exhibited a marked increase in fluorescence intensity in mouse embryonic fibroblasts derived from Blvra<sup>-/-</sup> mice. We expanded this approach to an NIR light-sensing optogenetic tool, the BphP1-PpsR2 system, which also requires BV as a chromophore. Again, deletion of the Blvra gene markedly enhanced the light response in HeLa cells. These results indicate that the Blvra<sup>-/-</sup> mouse is a versatile tool for the in vivo application of NIR FPs and NIR light-sensing optogenetic tools.Key words: in vivo imaging, near-infrared fluorescent protein, biliverdin, biliverdin reductase, optogenetic tool.</p>","PeriodicalId":9927,"journal":{"name":"Cell structure and function","volume":"45 2","pages":"131-141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10511041/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38086809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Internalization of AMPA-type Glutamate Receptor in the MIN6 Pancreatic β-cell Line. MIN6 胰腺 β 细胞系中 AMPA 型谷氨酸受体的内化。
IF 1.5 4区 生物学
Cell structure and function Pub Date : 2020-08-21 Epub Date: 2020-06-24 DOI: 10.1247/csf.20020
The Mon La, Hiroshi Yamada, Sayaka Seiriki, Shun-Ai Li, Kenshiro Fujise, Natsuho Katsumi, Tadashi Abe, Masami Watanabe, Kohji Takei
{"title":"Internalization of AMPA-type Glutamate Receptor in the MIN6 Pancreatic β-cell Line.","authors":"The Mon La, Hiroshi Yamada, Sayaka Seiriki, Shun-Ai Li, Kenshiro Fujise, Natsuho Katsumi, Tadashi Abe, Masami Watanabe, Kohji Takei","doi":"10.1247/csf.20020","DOIUrl":"10.1247/csf.20020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The activity of AMPA-type glutamate receptor is involved in insulin release from pancreatic β-cells. However, the mechanism and dynamics that underlie AMPA receptor-mediated insulin release in β-cells is largely unknown. Here, we show that AMPA induces internalization of glutamate receptor 2/3 (GluR2/3), AMPA receptor subtype, in the mouse β-cell line MIN6. Immunofluorescence experiments showed that GluR2/3 appeared as fine dots that were distributed throughout MIN6 cells. Intracellular GluR2/3 co-localized with AP2 and clathrin, markers for clathrin-coated pits and vesicles. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that GluR2/3 was also localized at plasma membrane. Surface biotinylation and immunofluorescence measurements showed that addition of AMPA caused an approximate 1.8-fold increase in GluR2/3 internalization under low-glucose conditions. Furthermore, internalized GluR2 largely co-localized with EEA1, an early endosome marker. In addition, GluR2/3 co-immunoprecipitated with cortactin, a F-actin binding protein. Depletion of cortactin by RNAi in MIN6 cells altered the intracellular distribution of GluR2/3, suggesting that cortactin is involved in internalization of GluR2/3 in MIN6 cells. Taken together, our results suggest that pancreatic β-cells adjust the amount of AMPA-type GluR2/3 on the cell surface to regulate the receptive capability of the cell for glutamate.Key words: endocytosis, GluR2, AMPA, cortactin, MIN6.</p>","PeriodicalId":9927,"journal":{"name":"Cell structure and function","volume":"45 2","pages":"121-130"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1247/csf.20020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38086810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Current status of healthcare-associated enteroviral (non-polio) infections 卫生保健相关肠道病毒(非脊髓灰质炎)感染的现状
IF 1.5 4区 生物学
Cell structure and function Pub Date : 2020-08-07 DOI: 10.15789/10.15789/2220-7619-csf-1161
A. V. Alimov, E. P. Igonina, I. V. Feldblyum, V. Chalapa, Y. Zakharova
{"title":"Current status of healthcare-associated enteroviral (non-polio) infections","authors":"A. V. Alimov, E. P. Igonina, I. V. Feldblyum, V. Chalapa, Y. Zakharova","doi":"10.15789/10.15789/2220-7619-csf-1161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15789/10.15789/2220-7619-csf-1161","url":null,"abstract":"Here we present the data on foreign research publications describing healthcare-associated enteroviral (nonpolio) infections (HAI) sought in the Worldwide Database for Nosocomial Outbreaks (Institut für Hygiene und Umweltmedizin, Universitȁtmedizincomplex “Charite”, Germany) as well as PubMed search engine (The United States National Library), covering 1936–2017 timeframe. The publications retrieved contained the data on 28 nosocomial outbreaks caused by Enterovirus A (EV-A71), В (Echoviruses 11, 17, 18, 30, 31, 33, Coxsackie viruses А9, В2, В5) and D (EV-D68). It was discovered that the majority of the nosocomial enteroviral (non-polio) outbreaks occurred in obstetric hospitals and neonatal units so that children were mainly maternally infected. In addition, a case associated with intrauterine infection was described. It was shown that outbreaks might be started by an infected child at the incubation period. Single publications reported nosocomial outbreaks in geriatric hospitals. Generally, nosocomial enteroviral (non-polio) outbreaks were characterized by polymorphic clinical picture caused by any certain pathogen serotype and within a single site of the infection. Few lethal outcomes were recorded. Enterovirus B species dominated among identified etiological agents. Violated hospital hygiene and infection control contributing to spread of infection were among those found in neonatal units: putting used diapers out on baby bed prior disposal, sharing bathtub, toys and household objects as well as poor hand hygiene in medical workers. One of the measures recommended to improve diagnostics of enteroviral (non-polio) infections was virology screening of children with suspected sepsis in case of unidentified etiology. It was established that etiological decoding of nosocomial outbreaks was impossible without applying pathogen-specific diagnostic tools, mainly nested RT-PCR and direct sequencing of followed by subsequent phylogenetic analysis.","PeriodicalId":9927,"journal":{"name":"Cell structure and function","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67098552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Visualization of Procollagen IV Reveals ER-to-Golgi Transport by ERGIC-independent Carriers. 前胶原蛋白Ⅳ的可视化显示了ER-高尔基体之间的运输依赖于ERGIC载体。
IF 1.5 4区 生物学
Cell structure and function Pub Date : 2020-07-23 Epub Date: 2020-06-18 DOI: 10.1247/csf.20025
Yuto Matsui, Yukihiro Hirata, Ikuo Wada, Nobuko Hosokawa
{"title":"Visualization of Procollagen IV Reveals ER-to-Golgi Transport by ERGIC-independent Carriers.","authors":"Yuto Matsui, Yukihiro Hirata, Ikuo Wada, Nobuko Hosokawa","doi":"10.1247/csf.20025","DOIUrl":"10.1247/csf.20025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Collagen is the most abundant protein in animal tissues and is critical for their proper organization. Nascent procollagens in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are considered too large to be loaded into coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles, which have a diameter of 60-80 nm, for exit from the ER and transport to the Golgi complex. To study the transport mechanism of procollagen IV, which generates basement membranes, we introduced a cysteine-free GFP tag at the N-terminus of the triple helical region of the α1(IV) chain (cfSGFP2-col4a1), and examined the dynamics of this protein in HT-1080 cells, which produce endogenous collagen IV. cfSGFP2-col4a1 was transported from the ER to the Golgi by vesicles, which were a similar size as small cargo carriers. However, mCherry-ERGIC53 was recruited to α<sub>1</sub>-antitrypsin-containing vesicles, but not to cfSGFP2-col4a1-containing vesicles. Knockdown analysis revealed that Sar1 and SLY1/SCFD1 were required for transport of cfSGFP2-col4a1. TANGO1, CUL3, and KLHL12 were not necessary for the ER-to-Golgi trafficking of procollagen IV. Our data suggest that procollagen IV is exported from the ER via an enlarged COPII coat carrier and is transported to the Golgi by unique transport vesicles without recruitment of ER-Golgi intermediate compartment membranes.Key words: collagen, procollagen IV, endoplasmic reticulum, ER-to-Golgi transport, ERGIC.</p>","PeriodicalId":9927,"journal":{"name":"Cell structure and function","volume":"45 2","pages":"107-119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1247/csf.20025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38064000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
MON2 Guides Wntless Transport to the Golgi through Recycling Endosomes. MON2 引导无 Wnt 通过回收内体向高尔基体运输
IF 1.5 4区 生物学
Cell structure and function Pub Date : 2020-06-13 Epub Date: 2020-05-12 DOI: 10.1247/csf.20012
Shen-Bao Zhao, Neta Dean, Xiao-Dong Gao, Morihisa Fujita
{"title":"MON2 Guides Wntless Transport to the Golgi through Recycling Endosomes.","authors":"Shen-Bao Zhao, Neta Dean, Xiao-Dong Gao, Morihisa Fujita","doi":"10.1247/csf.20012","DOIUrl":"10.1247/csf.20012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endocytic cargos are transported to recycling endosomes (RE) but how these sorting platforms are generated is not well understood. Here we describe our biochemical and live imaging studies of the conserved MON2-DOPEY complex in RE formation. MON2 mainly co-localized with RE marker RAB4B in peripheral dots and perinuclear region. The peripheral RE approached, interacted with, and separated from sorting nexin 3 (SNX3)-positive early endosomes (EE). Membrane-bound DOPEY2 was recruited to RE dependent upon MON2 expression, and showed binding abilities to kinesin and dynein/dynactin motor proteins. MON2-knockout impaired segregation of RE from EE and led to a decreased tubular recycling endosomal network, whereas RE was accumulated at perinuclear regions in DOPEY2-knockout cells. MON2 depletion also impaired intracellular transferrin receptor recycling, as well as retrograde transport of Wntless during its passage through RE before delivery from EE to the Golgi. Together, these data suggest that the MON2 drives separation of RE from EE and is required for efficient transport of endocytic cargo molecules.Key words: membrane trafficking, MON2, recycling endosomes, Wntless.</p>","PeriodicalId":9927,"journal":{"name":"Cell structure and function","volume":"45 1","pages":"77-92"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1247/csf.20012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37933683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Roles of the Translation Initiation Factor eIF2α Phosphorylation in Cell Structure and Function. 翻译起始因子 eIF2α 磷酸化在细胞结构和功能中的作用
IF 1.5 4区 生物学
Cell structure and function Pub Date : 2020-06-04 Epub Date: 2020-04-29 DOI: 10.1247/csf.20013
Sung Hoon Back
{"title":"Roles of the Translation Initiation Factor eIF2α Phosphorylation in Cell Structure and Function.","authors":"Sung Hoon Back","doi":"10.1247/csf.20013","DOIUrl":"10.1247/csf.20013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is often assumed that α-subunit phosphorylation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2) complex is just a mechanism to control protein synthesis. However, eIF2α phosphorylation induced by multiple kinases can recognize various intracellular and extracellular stress conditions, and it is involved in various other cellular processes beyond protein synthesis. This review introduces the roles of eIF2α phosphorylation in translational regulation, the generation of reactive oxygen species, changes in mitochondria structure and shape, and mitochondrial retrograde signaling pathways in response to diverse stress conditions.Key words: eIF2α phosphorylation, Translation, Unfolded Protein Response, Reactive Oxygen Species, Mitochondria.</p>","PeriodicalId":9927,"journal":{"name":"Cell structure and function","volume":"45 1","pages":"65-76"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1247/csf.20013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37885120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Centrosomal and Non-centrosomal Functions Emerged through Eliminating Centrosomes. 通过消除中心体产生中心体和非中心体功能
IF 1.5 4区 生物学
Cell structure and function Pub Date : 2020-05-23 Epub Date: 2020-04-09 DOI: 10.1247/csf.20007
Yutaka Takeda, Kanako Kuroki, Takumi Chinen, Daiju Kitagawa
{"title":"Centrosomal and Non-centrosomal Functions Emerged through Eliminating Centrosomes.","authors":"Yutaka Takeda, Kanako Kuroki, Takumi Chinen, Daiju Kitagawa","doi":"10.1247/csf.20007","DOIUrl":"10.1247/csf.20007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Centrosomes are highly conserved organelles that act as the major microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) in animal somatic cells. Through their MTOC activity, centrosomes play various roles throughout the cell cycle, such as supporting cell migration in interphase and spindle organization and positioning in mitosis. Various approaches for removing centrosomes from somatic cells have been developed and applied over the past few decades to understand the precise roles of centrosomes. Centrinone, a reversible and selective PLK4 (polo-like kinase 4) inhibitor, has recently emerged as an efficient approach to eliminate centrosomes. In this review, we describe the latest findings on centrosome function that have been revealed using various centrosome-eliminating approaches. In addition, we discuss our recent findings on the mechanism of centrosome-independent spindle bipolarization, discovered through the use of centrinone.Key words: centrosome, centrinone, mitotic spindle, bipolarity, NuMA.</p>","PeriodicalId":9927,"journal":{"name":"Cell structure and function","volume":"45 1","pages":"57-64"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1247/csf.20007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37816624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
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