Chinese Herbal Medicines最新文献

{"title":"New indole derivatives from endophytic fungus Colletotruchum sp. HK-08 originated from leaves of Nerium indicum","authors":"Huiqin Chen ,&nbsp;Hao Zheng ,&nbsp;Caihong Cai ,&nbsp;Hao Wang ,&nbsp;Cuijuan Gai ,&nbsp;Zhiqiong Tan ,&nbsp;Haofu Dai ,&nbsp;Wenli Mei","doi":"10.1016/j.chmed.2023.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chmed.2023.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To study secondary metabolites from endophytic fungus <em>Colletotruchum</em> sp. HK-08 originated from the leaves of <em>Nerium indicum</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The compounds were isolated by various column chromatographic techniques, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques [high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS), one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR)], as well as comparison with literature data. The Ellman method was used to determine the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Four indole derivatives were identified from <em>Colletotruchum</em> sp. HK-08, including 6<em>′-</em>hydroxymonaspiloindole (<strong>1</strong>), 2-(2-oxoindolin-3-yl)ethyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetate (<strong>2</strong>), 2-(2-oxoindolin-3-yl)ethyl 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate (<strong>3</strong>), and monaspiloindole (<strong>4</strong>). Compound <strong>4</strong> presented weak AChE inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ value of (69.30 ± 6.27) μmol/L [tacrine as the positive control, with IC₅₀ value of (0.61 ± 0.07) μmol/L].</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Compounds <strong>1–3</strong> were new compounds, and compound <strong>4</strong> had weak AChE inhibitory activity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9916,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Herbal Medicines","volume":"16 2","pages":"Pages 235-238"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674638424000054/pdfft?md5=3293dee1afdfcb765876b62d62f1c458&pid=1-s2.0-S1674638424000054-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139636983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roles of endophytic fungi in medicinal plant abiotic stress response and TCM quality development","authors":"Jiahao Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiemiao Lu ,&nbsp;Yichun Zhu ,&nbsp;Xiaoxia Shen ,&nbsp;Bo Zhu ,&nbsp;Luping Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.chmed.2023.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chmed.2023.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Medicinal plants, as medicinal materials and important drug components, have been used in traditional and folk medicine for ages. However, being sessile organisms, they are seriously affected by extreme environmental conditions and abiotic stresses such as salt, heavy metal, temperature, and water stresses. Medicinal plants usually produce specific secondary metabolites to survive such stresses, and these metabolites can often be used for treating human diseases. Recently, medicinal plants have been found to partner with endophytic fungi to form a long-term, stable, and win–win symbiotic relationship. Endophytic fungi can promote secondary metabolite accumulation in medicinal plants. The close relationship can improve host plant resistance to the abiotic stresses of soil salinity, drought, and extreme temperatures. Their symbiosis also sheds light on plant growth and active compound production. Here, we show that endophytic fungi can improve the host medicinal plant resistance to abiotic stress by regulating active compounds, reducing oxidative stress, and regulating the cell ion balance. We also identify the deficiencies and burning issues of available studies and present promising research topics for the future. This review provides guidance for endophytic fungi research to improve the ability of medicinal plants to resist abiotic stress. It also suggests ideas and methods for active compound accumulation in medicinal plants and medicinal material development during the response to abiotic stress.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9916,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Herbal Medicines","volume":"16 2","pages":"Pages 204-213"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674638423000710/pdfft?md5=14b53ca680149d54acbcdf98f5332863&pid=1-s2.0-S1674638423000710-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47973055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of plants-associated microbiota on cultivation and quality of Chinese herbal medicines","authors":"Yue Ouyang ,&nbsp;Qiqing Cheng ,&nbsp;Chunsong Cheng ,&nbsp;Ziyu Tang ,&nbsp;Yufeng Huang ,&nbsp;Eyu Tan ,&nbsp;Shaofeng Ma ,&nbsp;Xinheng Lin ,&nbsp;Ying Xie ,&nbsp;Hua Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.chmed.2022.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chmed.2022.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microbial resource influences the life activities of medicinal plants from several perspectives. Endophytes, rhizosphere microorganisms, and other environmental microorganisms play essential roles in medicinal plant growth and development, plant yield, and clinical efficacy. The microbiota can influence the biosynthesis of active compounds in medicinal plants by stimulating specific metabolic pathways. They induce host plants to improve their resistance to environmental stresses by accumulating secondary metabolites. Microorganisms can interact with their host plants to produce long-term, targeted selection results and improve their ability to adapt to the environment. Due to the interdependence and interaction between microorganisms and medicinal plants, Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) quality is closely related to the associated microorganisms. This review summarizes the relationship between medicinal plants and their associated microorganisms, including their species, distribution, life activities, and metabolites. Microorganisms can aid in quality control, improve the efficacy of medicinal plants, and provide markers for identifying the origin and storage time of CHMs. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between microorganisms and medicinal plants will help to control the quality of CHMs from different perspectives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9916,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Herbal Medicines","volume":"16 2","pages":"Pages 190-203"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674638423000060/pdfft?md5=2537272de6b17f8e0511aff527932011&pid=1-s2.0-S1674638423000060-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41271564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspective and challenges of mycorrhizal symbiosis in orchid medicinal plants","authors":"Chunyan Leng,&nbsp;Mengyan Hou,&nbsp;Yongmei Xing,&nbsp;Juan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.chmed.2024.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2024.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The family Orchidaceae is of the most diverse taxon in the plant kingdom, and most of its members are highly valuable herbal medicines. Orchids have a unique mycorrhizal symbiotic relationship with specific fungi for carbohydrate and nutrient supplies in their whole lifecycle. The large-scale cultivation of the medicinal plant <em>Gastodia elata</em> is a successful example of using mycorrhizal symbiotic technology. In this review, we adopted <em>G. elata</em> and <em>Dendrobium officinale</em> as examples to describe the characteristics of orchid mycorrhiza and mycorrhizal benefits for host plants’ growth and health (e.g. biotic and abiotic stress and secondary metabolite accumulation). The challenges in applying mycorrhizal technology to the cultivation of orchid medicinal plants in the future were also discussed. This review aims to serve as a theoretical guide for the cultivation of mycorrhizal technology in medicinal orchid plants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9916,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Herbal Medicines","volume":"16 2","pages":"Pages 172-179"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674638424000133/pdfft?md5=1cc06da6f5ba4728bbb6777687d09e30&pid=1-s2.0-S1674638424000133-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140644019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new tetracyclic triterpenoid from endophytic fungus Fusarium sporotrichioides","authors":"Yajing Wang,&nbsp;Chunyue Liu,&nbsp;Yihui Yang,&nbsp;Chang Li,&nbsp;Yuehu Pei","doi":"10.1016/j.chmed.2022.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chmed.2022.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To isolate bioactive compounds from the endophytic fungus <em>Fusarium sporotrichioides</em> isolated from <em>Rauwolfia yunnanensis</em>, and investigate their pharmacological activities.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by combining with ODS column chromatography, silica gel column chromatography and by performing semipreparative HPLC. Their structures were established on the basis of 1D NMR (¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR) and 2D NMR (¹H–¹H COSY, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY), as well as HRESIMS and comparison with literature data. In addition, the absolute configuration of compound <strong>1</strong> was determined by calculated ECD data.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>One previously undescribed tetracyclic triterpenoid derivative, named as integracide L (<strong>1</strong>), 12<em>α</em>-acetoxy-4,4-dimethyl-24-methylene-5<em>α</em>-cholesta-8,14-diene-2<em>α</em>,3<em>β</em>,11<em>β</em>-triol (<strong>2</strong>), 12<em>α</em>-acetoxy-4,4-dimethyl-24-methylene-5<em>α</em>-cholesta-8-momoene-2<em>α</em>,3<em>β</em>,11<em>β</em>-triol (<strong>3</strong>), 12<em>α</em>-acetoxy-4,4-dimethyl-24-methylene-5<em>α</em>-cholesta-8,14-diene-3<em>β</em>,11<em>β</em>-triol (<strong>4</strong>), and 12<em>α</em>-acetoxy-4,4-dimethyl-24-methylene-5<em>α</em>-cholesta-8-momoene-3<em>β</em>,11<em>β</em>-triol (<strong>5</strong>) were isolated from <em>F. sporotrichioide</em>. Moreover, compound <strong>1</strong> was rare tetracyclic triterpenoid with single methyl replacement at C-4 position.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Compound <strong>1</strong> was a new tetracyclic triterpenoid isolated from the endophytic fungus <em>F. sporotrichioides.</em> In addition, compound <strong>2</strong> could inhibit the growth of three different human cancer cells significantly. Compounds <strong>3</strong> and <strong>5</strong> were found to possess better cytotoxic activities on HepG-2 cells than the other compounds, with IC₅₀ values of (2.8 ± 0.1) and (6.3 ± 0.3) μmol/L respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9916,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Herbal Medicines","volume":"16 2","pages":"Pages 231-234"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674638423000497/pdfft?md5=c01ee69ebdd540fb5907795d661bfd93&pid=1-s2.0-S1674638423000497-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46201506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolites isolated from Penicillium HDS-Z-1E, an endophytic fungal strain isolated from Taxus cuspidata and their activation effect of catalase","authors":"Chuan Tang,&nbsp;Rui Gao,&nbsp;Xiaoyuan Tang,&nbsp;Yu Zhang,&nbsp;Weixing Feng,&nbsp;Baomin Feng,&nbsp;Xuan Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.chmed.2022.12.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chmed.2022.12.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To study the compounds isolated from <em>Penicillium</em> HDS-Z-1E, an endophytic fungal strain isolated from <em>Taxus cuspidata</em> and their activation effect of catalase (CAT).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The chemical constituents were isolated from <em>Penicillium</em> HDS-Z-1E, by using silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and HPLC. The structural elucidations of five metabolites were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic including ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, HMBC and HSQC. Their activation sites of catalase have been investigated by molecular docking.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Five metabolites, compounds (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>5</strong>) were isolated from <em>Penicillium</em> HDS-Z-1E and identified as 4-hydroxy-4-methyltetrahydro-2<em>H</em>-pyran-2-one (<strong>1</strong>), 4-hydroxymethyl-5, 6-dihydro-pyran-2-one (<strong>2</strong>), 5, 6-dihydro-2-oxo-2<em>H</em>-pyran-4-carboxylic (<strong>3</strong>), <em>N</em>-acetyl-hydrazinobenzoic acid (<strong>4</strong>), and methyl 2-(2, 5-dihydroxyphenyl) acetate (<strong>5</strong>).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Compound <strong>3</strong> is a new compound. Compounds <strong>3</strong> and <strong>4</strong> may have potential activators of catalase, providing a theoretical basis for the development of CAT activators.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9916,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Herbal Medicines","volume":"16 2","pages":"Pages 227-230"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674638423000515/pdfft?md5=33e6a3b81bc02850668e73681a37affc&pid=1-s2.0-S1674638423000515-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48207504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herb induced liver injury by Xianling Gubao Tablets: A case assessed for causality using updated RUCAM and integrated evidence chain","authors":"Chunyu Li ,&nbsp;Yingying Li ,&nbsp;Zhaofang Bai ,&nbsp;Jiabo Wang ,&nbsp;Guohui Li ,&nbsp;Xiaohe Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.chmed.2023.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chmed.2023.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>A typical case of Xianling Gubao (XLGB) Tablets-induced liver injury was systematically studied in the clinic and the laboratory.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A patient with herb-induced liver injury (HILI) and a history of taking XLGB Tablets before disease onset was engaged as the study subject, and the case was diagnosed according to the updated Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) and the integrated evidence chain (iEC) method recommended by the <em>Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Herb-induced Liver Injury</em> (HILI Guidelines).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Clinical history, biochemical indexes and imaging tests were used to exclude the influence of fundamental diseases and confusing liver diseases such as viral, alcoholic and autoimmune liver diseases on the diagnosis. Based on an investigation of the patient’s medication history, she was suspected to have HILI caused by XLGB Tablets, as the patient was only taking an oral preparation of XLGB Tablets, and the influence of other drugs on the diagnosis was excluded. This patient with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≥ 3 × upper limit of normal (ULN) and a calculated R of 6 was diagnosed with possible acute drug-induced hepatocellular injury. The relationship was considered “highly probable” (score of 9) using the updated RUCAM of 2016. Moreover, the fingerprint similarity between the preparation taken by the patient and a commercially available preparation was 0.99, suggesting that the patient was consuming XLGB Tablets rather than another drug. LC-MS technology and the Agilent Fake TCM-Drugs database were used to investigate the drug, and no chemical additions were found. Examination of the drug for pesticide residues, heavy metals, aflatoxins and other exogenous substances indicated compliance with the content limits of the <em>Chinese Pharmacopoeia</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In summary, the final diagnosis of XLGB-induced liver injury reached the clinical diagnosis of HILI and was acute severe hepatocellular injury type by the updated RUCAM and iEC. Therefore, this study provides scientific evidence regarding the causality evaluation of compound preparations of traditional Chinese medicines-induced liver injury.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9916,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Herbal Medicines","volume":"16 2","pages":"Pages 301-309"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674638424000091/pdfft?md5=70aec6d58fce7f9b9d5adc3a5c26f656&pid=1-s2.0-S1674638424000091-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140462905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction suppresses inflammation and bone destruction in collagen-induced arthritis mice","authors":"Jiamin Bao ,&nbsp;Yongjia Song ,&nbsp;Minghui Hang ,&nbsp;Hao Xu ,&nbsp;Qiang Li ,&nbsp;Pengyu Wang ,&nbsp;Tao Chen ,&nbsp;Mengxiong Xia ,&nbsp;Qi Shi ,&nbsp;Yongjun Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyun Wang ,&nbsp;Qianqian Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.chmed.2023.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chmed.2023.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory and destructive arthritis, characterized by inflammatory infiltration and bone destruction. Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction (HGWD) is traditional Chinese medicine, which has been applied in the treatment of RA in clinical. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of HGWD on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>DBA/1J female mice were used to establish the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. HGWD was administered intragastrically once a day for four weeks starting on the 22nd day after the first immunization. The body weight, hind paw thickness and clinical score were measured every five days. Gait analysis, histopathological staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), ultrasound imaging and micro-computed tomography imaging were performed to determine the effects of HGWD treatment on inflammation and bone structure in this model. Moreover, Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were used to detect inflammatory factors mRNA and protein levels after HGWD intervention in RAW 264.7 cells.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>HGWD attenuated symptoms of arthritis, suppressed inflammatory synovium area and the serum levels of inflammatory factors, inhibited joint space enlargement in the knee and ankle joints, reduced numbers of osteoclasts, protected bone destruction, as well as improved motor function. HGWD decreased the expression of mRNA for inflammatory factors and the protein expression levels of p-NF-кB and IL-17.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These results suggested that HGWD suppresses inflammation, attenuates bone erosion and maintains motor function in collagen-induced arthritis mice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9916,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Herbal Medicines","volume":"16 2","pages":"Pages 274-281"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674638424000017/pdfft?md5=07518d4bd7c45cea297eea0c7d0e6070&pid=1-s2.0-S1674638424000017-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139638996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arbuscular mycorrhiza and plant growth promoting endophytes facilitates accumulation of saponin under moderate drought stress","authors":"Shubiao Qian ,&nbsp;Qing Zhang ,&nbsp;Sha Li ,&nbsp;Rui Shi ,&nbsp;Xiahong He ,&nbsp;Shuhui Zi ,&nbsp;Tao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.chmed.2022.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chmed.2022.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Paris polyphylla&lt;/em&gt; var&lt;em&gt;. yunnanensis&lt;/em&gt;, one of the important medicinal plant resources in Yunnan, China, usually takes 6–8 years to be harvested. Therefore, it is urgent to find a method that can not only shorten its growth years, but also improve its quality. In this study, we examined the effects of a combination treatment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting endophytes (PGPE) and drought stress on the accumulation of saponins in it&lt;em&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;P. polyphylla&lt;/em&gt; var&lt;em&gt;. yunnanensis&lt;/em&gt; was infected with a mixture of AMF and PGPE under drought stress. The content of saponins, as well as morphological, physiological, and biochemical indicators, were all measured. The UGTs gene related to saponin synthesis was obtained from transcriptome data by homologous comparison, which were used for RT-PCR and phylogenetic analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Regardless of water, AMF treatment could infect the roots of &lt;em&gt;P. polyphylla&lt;/em&gt; var&lt;em&gt;. yunnanensis&lt;/em&gt;, however double inoculation with AMF and PGPE (AMF + PGPE) would reduce the infection rate of AMF. Plant height, aboveground and underground fresh weight did not differ significantly between the single inoculation AMF and the double inoculation treatment under different water conditions, but the inoculation treatment significantly increased the plant height of &lt;em&gt;P. polyphylla&lt;/em&gt; var&lt;em&gt;. yunnanensis&lt;/em&gt; compared to the non-inoculation treatment. Single inoculation with AMF considerably increased the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of &lt;em&gt;P. polyphylla&lt;/em&gt; var&lt;em&gt;. yunnanensis&lt;/em&gt; leaves under various water conditions, but double inoculation with AMF + PGPE greatly increased the intercellular CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; concentration and chlorophyll fluorescence parameter (Fv/Fm). Under diverse water treatments, single inoculation AMF had the highest proline content, whereas double inoculation AMF + PGPE may greatly improve the amount of abscisic acid (ABA) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) compared to normal water under moderate drought. Double inoculation AMF + PGPE treatment improved the proportion of N, P, and K in the rhizome of &lt;em&gt;P. polyphylla&lt;/em&gt; var&lt;em&gt;. yunnanensis&lt;/em&gt; under various water conditions. Under moderate drought stress, AMF + PGPE significantly enhanced the contents of &lt;em&gt;P. polyphylla&lt;/em&gt; var&lt;em&gt;. yunnanensis&lt;/em&gt; saponins I, II, VII, and total saponins as compared to normal water circumstances. Farnesyl diphosphate synthase (&lt;em&gt;FPPS&lt;/em&gt;), Geranyl pyrophosphate synthase (&lt;em&gt;GPPS&lt;/em&gt;), Cycloartenol synthase (&lt;em&gt;CAS&lt;/em&gt;), and Squalene epoxidase (&lt;em&gt;SE1&lt;/em&gt;) were the genes that were significantly up-regulated at the same time. The amount of saponins was favorably linked with the expression of CAS, GPPS, and SE1. Saponin VI content and glycosyl transferase (UGT) 010922 gene expression were found to be substantially associated, as wa","PeriodicalId":9916,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Herbal Medicines","volume":"16 2","pages":"Pages 214-226"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674638423000059/pdfft?md5=843a74eddee7942d6396071a2bf72f27&pid=1-s2.0-S1674638423000059-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44193659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhizosphere microbial markers (micro-markers): A new physical examination indicator for traditional Chinese medicines","authors":"Kailin Yang ,&nbsp;Yaping Zheng ,&nbsp;Kangmeng Sun ,&nbsp;Xinyan Wu ,&nbsp;Zheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Chunnian He ,&nbsp;Peigen Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.chmed.2023.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chmed.2023.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rhizosphere microorganisms, as one of the most important components of the soil microbiota and plant holobiont, play a key role in the medicinal plant-soil ecosystem, which are closely related to the growth, adaptability, nutrient absorption, stress tolerance and pathogen resistance of host plants. In recent years, with the wide application of molecular biology and omics technologies, the outcomes of rhizosphere microorganisms on the health, biomass production and secondary metabolite biosynthesis of medicinal plants have received extensive attention. However, whether or to what extent rhizosphere microorganisms can contribute to the construction of the quality evaluation system of Chinese medicinal materials is still elusive. Based on the significant role of rhizosphere microbes in the survival and quality formation of medicinal plants, this paper proposed a new concept of rhizosphere microbial markers (micro-markers), expounded the relevant research methods and ideas of applying the new concept, highlighted the importance of micro-markers in the quality evaluation and control system of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), and introduced the potential value in soil environmental assessment, plant pest control and quality assessment of TCMs. It provides reference for developing ecological planting of TCMs and ensuring the production of high quality TCMs by regulating rhizosphere microbial communities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9916,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Herbal Medicines","volume":"16 2","pages":"Pages 180-189"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674638424000108/pdfft?md5=83468d479fdacbe5f39b2c3f9bd2f0c1&pid=1-s2.0-S1674638424000108-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140465309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}