Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Recent development of nanomaterials-based PDT to improve immunogenic cell death.","authors":"Qura Tul Ain","doi":"10.1007/s43630-024-00638-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43630-024-00638-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved therapeutic modality for treating oncological and non-oncological disorders. PDT has proclaimed multiple benefits over further traditional cancer therapies including its minimal systemic toxicity and selective ability to eliminate irradiated tumors. In PDT, a photosensitizing substance localizes in tumor tissues and becomes active when exposed to a particular wavelength of laser light. This produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce neoplastic cells to die and lead to the regression of tumors. The contributions of ROS to PDT-induced tumor destruction are described by three basic processes including direct or indirect cell death, vascular destruction, and immunogenic cell death. However, the efficiency of PDT is significantly limited by the inherent nature and tumor microenvironment. Combining immunotherapy with PDT has recently been shown to improve tumor immunogenicity while decreasing immunoregulatory repression, thereby gently modifying the anticancer immune response with long-term immunological memory effects. This review highlights the fundamental ideas, essential elements, and mechanisms of PDT as well as nanomaterial-based PDT to boost tumor immunogenicity. Moreover, the synergistic use of immunotherapy in combination with PDT to enhance immune responses against tumors is emphasized.</p>","PeriodicalId":98,"journal":{"name":"Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1983-1998"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142337524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photoisomerization of two 2-hydroxy-5-arylazobenzaldehydes in solvents of different polarities.","authors":"M Yu Volkov, A R Sharipova, O A Turanova","doi":"10.1007/s43630-024-00646-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43630-024-00646-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two azo dyes 2-hydroxy-5-(4-nitrophenylazo)benzaldehyde and 2-hydroxy-5-(4-chlorophenylazo)benzaldehyde dissolved in carbon tetrachloride, hexane, acetone and acetonitrile were irradiated with 365 nm UV light, and processes, occurring in them, were studied by NMR and UV-vis spectroscopy. It was established that reversible trans/cis photoisomerization of the molecules occurs in the non-polar solvents and is not observed in the polar solvents. 2D NOESY NMR spectroscopy was used to identify isomers of the azo compounds. Based on the chemical shifts of the signals, it was established that these compounds are in the trans-form before UV irradiation. Spectra of the azo dyes before and after UV irradiation allowed assignment of the chemical shifts of the cis-isomers. In polar solvents these compounds undergo a hypochromic effect under heating or irradiation with UV light. Both compounds exhibit solvatochromism. The shifts in NMR signals caused by photoisomerization of the molecules were compared with the shifts in the NMR signals of other azo compounds such as Disperse Orange 3, Disperse Red 1 and azobenzene.</p>","PeriodicalId":98,"journal":{"name":"Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1971-1981"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142379548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the combined benefits of photobiomodulation and apigenin for the treatment of asthenozoospermia: An innovative therapeutic strategy.","authors":"Zahra Al-Timimi","doi":"10.1007/s43630-024-00643-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43630-024-00643-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals suffering from asthenospermia, an infertility disorder, have reduced sperm motility. This study's goal was to identify the impacts of diverse photobiomodulation procedures on the motility of sperm in vitro in patients with asthenospermia, either in isolation or in combination with Apigenin. At 633 nm and 808 nm, the lasers are used with multiple dose values (0.6, 1.2, and 2.4) J/cm² and altering Apigenin concentrations (5, 10, 25, and 50 μM). All of the photobiomodulation procedures were assessed. Assessing factors were the DNA fragmentation index, sperm viability, as well as progressive sperm motility. The progressive sperm motility results for 633 nm and 808 nm show a significant increase over 633 nm + 808 nm after 60 min after irradiation. Sperm motility increased more quickly under the 808 nm procedure than under the other procedures (p < 0.02). The observation of progressive sperm motility indicated that a 10 μM concentration of Apigenin created higher results than other concentrations (p < 0.01). Apigenin with 808 nm at 1.2 J/cm² resulted in better sperm motility (p < 0.01) and decreased DNA fragmentation index. There was a notable increase (p < 0.05) in the DNA fragmentation index with the 633 nm + 808 nm procedure. At a 10 μM concentration of Apigenin, the DNA fragmentation index was lower than at a 50 μM concentration (p < 0.02). Neither Apigenin nor photobiomodulation significantly decreased sperm viability. The study suggests that asthenozoospermia patients may benefit from apigenin utilized alongside photobiomodulation, while further investigation is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":98,"journal":{"name":"Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1945-1955"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effect and mechanism of lycium barbarum polysaccharide against UVB-induced skin photoaging.","authors":"Lipan Fan, Xingbao Luan, Yuanyuan Jia, Liwen Ma, Zhaopeng Wang, Yuting Yang, Qian Chen, Xiaomei Cui, Dan Luo","doi":"10.1007/s43630-024-00642-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43630-024-00642-2","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Cellular senescence can be categorized into two main types, including exogenous and endogenous aging. Photoaging, which is aging induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, significantly contributes to exogenous aging, accounting for approximately 80% of such cases. Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is a class of antioxidant enzymes, with SOD2 being predominantly localized in the mitochondrial matrix. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) inhibits SOD2 activity by acetylating the key lysine residues on SOD2. Sirtuin3 (SIRT3), the principal mitochondrial deacetylase, enhances the anti-oxidant capacity of SOD2 by deacetylating. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) is the main bioactive component extracted from Lycium barbarum (LB). It has been reported to have numerous potential health benefits, such as anti-oxidation, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. Furthermore, LBP has been shown to regulate hepatic oxidative stress via the SIRT3-SOD2 pathway. The aim of this study was to construct a UVB-Stress-induced Premature Senescence (UVB-SIPS) model to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of LBP against UVB-induced skin photoaging.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Irradiated with different UVB doses to select the suitable dose for constructing the UVB-SIPS model. Cell morphology was observed using a microscope. The proportion of senescent cells was assessed by senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining. Cell viability was studied using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were observed using flow cytometry and an inverted fluorescence microscope. Expression of γ-H2AX was investigated using flow cytometry. Western blot (WB) was used to verify the expression of senescence-associated proteins (p21, p53, MMP-1, and MMP-3). Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbnent Assay (ELISA) was used to measure pro-inflammatory cytokines levels (IL-6, TNF-α). WB was also used to analyze the expression of SIRT3, SOD2, and Ac-SOD2, and a specific kit was employed to detect SOD2 activity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Our results suggested that the UVB-SIPS group pre-treated with LBP exhibited a reduced proportion of cells positive for SA-β-gal staining, mitigated production of intracellular ROS, an amelioration in γ-H2AX expression, and down-regulated expression of senescence-associated proteins and pro-inflammatory cytokines as compared to the UVB-SIPS group. Moreover, in contrast to the control group, the UVB-SIPS group showed regulated SIRT3 expression and SOD activity, elevated Ac-SOD2 expression and an increased ratio of Ac-SOD2/SOD2. However, the UVB-SIPS group pre-treated with LBP showed an upregulation of SIRT3 expression and enhanced SOD activity, a reduction in AC-SOD2 expression, and a decreased ratio of AC-SOD2/SOD2, compared to the untreated UVB-SIPS group. Additionally, the photo-protective effect of LBP was diminished following treatment with 3-TY","PeriodicalId":98,"journal":{"name":"Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1931-1943"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142386475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Publisher Correction: Design and synthesis of a 2,5-Diarylthiophene chromophore for enhanced near-infrared two-photon uncaging efficiency of calcium ions.","authors":"Tam Thi Thanh Tran, Manabu Abe","doi":"10.1007/s43630-024-00640-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43630-024-00640-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":98,"journal":{"name":"Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"2011-2014"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to fight acute sun damage? Current skin care strategies.","authors":"Ana Jesus, Emília Sousa, Honorina Cidade, Maria T Cruz, Isabel F Almeida","doi":"10.1007/s43630-024-00641-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43630-024-00641-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Excessive exposure to sunlight can contribute for skin photo-damage, such as sunburn, dryness, wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, immunosuppressive events and skin sensitization reactions. The use of aftersun products is an effective strategy to reduce the visible signs and symptoms of acute photodamage in the skin. Aiming to unveil the active ingredients able to offset acute sun damage, this work focuses on the characterization of the aftersun products market. A total of 84 after-sun formulations from 41 international brands currently marketed in Portugal were analyzed concerning the composition described on the product label, identifying natural and synthetic/semi-synthetic ingredients with the ability to mitigate solar-induced effects. The majority of aftersun formulations contained ingredients derived from terrestrial and marine sources (> 80%). An in-depth examination of these compounds is also offered, revealing the top of the most used natural and synthetic/semi-synthetic ingredients present in aftersun products, as well as their mechanism of action. A critical appraisal of the scientific data was made aiming to highlight the scientific evidence of ingredients able to mitigate skin photodamage. Amino acids and peptides, and A. barbadensis extract were tested for their in vivo efficacy. Nevertheless, all the ingredients were analyzed with in vitro studies as preliminary screening before in vivo, ex vivo and/or clinical studies. In summary, this study provides an overview of the use of active ingredients in commercial aftersun products to understand better the benefits associated with their use in cosmetic formulations and identify opportunities for innovation.</p>","PeriodicalId":98,"journal":{"name":"Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1915-1930"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142337523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photophysics and photochemistry of (n-Bu₄N)₂[Pt(NO₃)₆] in acetonitrile: ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy and quantum chemical insight.","authors":"Roman G Fedunov, Vjacheslav P Grivin, Ivan P Pozdnyakov, Alexei A Melnikov, Sergei V Chekalin, Danila B Vasilchenko, Evgeni M Glebov","doi":"10.1007/s43630-024-00645-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43630-024-00645-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ultrafast processes caused by photoexcitation of (n-Bu₄N)₂[Pt(NO₃)₆] complex in acetonitrile were studied by means of transient absorption (TA) pump-probe spectroscopy and verified by quantum chemical calculations. The primary photochemical process was found to be an inner-sphere electron transfer followed by an escape of an ^•NO₃ radical to the bulk solution. The reaction occurs via the dissociative triplet excited LMCT state of the initial complex. Based on the experimental data and quantum chemical calculations, the mechanism of ultrafast photophysical and photochemical processes is proposed.</p>","PeriodicalId":98,"journal":{"name":"Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1957-1970"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142453710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacteria and RNA virus inactivation with a high-irradiance UV-A source.","authors":"Karina Spunde, Zhanna Rudevica, Ksenija Korotkaja, Atis Skudra, Rolands Gudermanis, Anna Zajakina, Gita Revalde","doi":"10.1007/s43630-024-00634-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43630-024-00634-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Disinfection with LED lamps is a promising ecological and economical substitute for mercury lamps. However, the optimal time/dose relationship needs to be established. Pathogen inactivation by UV-A primarily relies on induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and subsequent oxidative damage. While effective against bacteria and enveloped viruses, non-enveloped viruses are less sensitive. In this study, we explored the disinfection properties of 10 W UV-A LED, emitting in the 365-375 nm range. UV-A at high values of irradiance (~ 0.46 W/cm²) can potentially induce ROS formation and direct photochemical damage of the pathogen nucleic acids, thus improving the disinfection. The UV-A inactivation was evaluated for the bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli), non-enveloped RNA bacteriophage MS2, and enveloped mammalian RNA virus-Semliki Forest virus (SFV). The 4 log10 reduction doses for E. coli and SFV were 268 and 241 J/cm², respectively. Furthermore, in irradiated E. coli, ROS production positively correlated with the inactivation rate. In the case of MS2 bacteriophage, the 2.5 log10 inactivation was achieved by 679 J/cm² within 30 min of irradiation. The results demonstrate significant disinfection efficiency of non-enveloped virus MS2 using high-irradiance UV-A. This suggests a potential strategy for improving the inactivation of UV-A-unsusceptible pathogens, particularly non-enveloped viruses. Additionally, the direct UV-A irradiation of self-replicating viral RNA from SFV led to a significant loss of viral gene expression in cells transfected with the irradiated RNA. Therefore, the virus inactivation mechanism of high-irradiance UV-A LED can be partially determined by the direct damage of viral RNA.</p>","PeriodicalId":98,"journal":{"name":"Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1841-1856"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142277428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photomorphogenesis of Myxococcus macrosporus: new insights for light-regulation of cell development","authors":"Kinga B. Graniczkowska, Dorina Bizhga, Moraima Noda, Viridiana Leon, Niharika Saraf, Denisse Feliz, Gaurav Sharma, Angela C. Nugent, Mitchell Singer, Emina A. Stojković","doi":"10.1007/s43630-024-00635-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43630-024-00635-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Myxobacteria are non-photosynthetic bacteria distinguished among prokaryotes by a multicellular stage in their life cycle known as fruiting bodies that are formed in response to nutrient deprivation and stimulated by light. Here, we report an entrained, rhythmic pattern of <i>Myxococcus macrosporus</i> fruiting bodies, forming consistently spaced concentric rings when grown in the dark. Light exposure disrupts this rhythmic phenotype, resulting in a sporadic arrangement and reduced fruiting-body count. <i>M. macrosporus</i> genome encodes a red-light photoreceptor, a bacteriophytochrome (BphP), previously shown to affect the fruiting-body formation in the related myxobacterium <i>Stigmatella aurantiaca</i>. Similarly, the formation of <i>M. macrosporus</i> fruiting bodies is also impacted by the exposure to BphP—specific wavelengths of light. RNA-Seq analysis of <i>M. macrosporus</i> revealed constitutive expression of the <i>bphP</i> gene. Phytochromes, as light-regulated enzymes, control many aspects of plant development including photomorphogenesis. They are intrinsically correlated to circadian clock proteins, impacting the overall light-mediated entrainment of the circadian clock. However, this functional relationship remains unexplored in non-photosynthetic prokaryotes. Genomic analysis unveiled the presence of multiple homologs of cyanobacterial core oscillatory gene, <i>kaiC</i>, in various myxobacteria, including <i>M. macrosporus</i>, <i>S. aurantiaca and M. xanthus</i>. RNA-Seq analysis verified the expression of all <i>kaiC</i> homologs in <i>M. macrosporus</i> and the closely related <i>M. xanthus</i>, which lacks <i>bphP</i> genes. Overall, this study unravels the rhythmic growth pattern during <i>M. macrosporus</i> development, governed by environmental factors such as light and nutrients. In addition, myxobacteria may have a time-measuring mechanism resembling the cyanobacterial circadian clock that links the photoreceptor (BphP) function to the observed rhythmic behavior.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":98,"journal":{"name":"Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences","volume":"203 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accumulated melanin in molds provides wavelength-dependent UV tolerance","authors":"Yushi Onoda, Miharu Nagahashi, Michiyo Yamashita, Shiho Fukushima, Toshihiko Aizawa, Shigeharu Yamauchi, Yasuo Fujikawa, Tomotake Tanaka, Yasuko Kadomura-Ishikawa, Kai Ishida, Takashi Uebanso, Kazuaki Mawatari, Ernest R. Blatchley, Akira Takahashi","doi":"10.1007/s43630-024-00632-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43630-024-00632-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fungal contamination poses a serious threat to public health and food safety because molds can grow under stressful conditions through melanin accumulation. Although ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is popular for inhibiting microorganisms, its effectiveness is limited by our insufficient knowledge about UV tolerance in melanin-accumulating molds. In this study, we first confirmed the protective effect of melanin by evaluating the UV sensitivity of young and mature spores. Additionally, we compared UV sensitivity between spores with accumulated melanin and spores prepared with melanin biosynthesis inhibitors. We found that mature spores were less UV-sensitive than young spores, and that reduced melanin accumulation by inhibitors led to reduced UV sensitivity. These results suggest that melanin protects cells against UV irradiation. To determine the most effective wavelength for inhibition, we evaluated the wavelength dependence of UV tolerance in a yeast (<i>Rhodotorula mucilaginosa</i>) and in molds (<i>Aspergillus fumigatus, Cladosporium halotolerans</i>, <i>Cladosporium sphaerospermum</i>, <i>Aspergillus brasiliensis</i>, <i>Penicillium roqueforti</i>, and <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>). We assessed UV tolerance using a UV-light emitting diode (LED) irradiation system with 13 wavelength-ranked LEDs between 250 and 365 nm, a krypton chlorine (KrCl) excimer lamp device, and a low pressure (LP) Hg lamp device. The inhibition of fungi peaked at around 270 nm, and most molds showed reduced UV sensitivity at shorter wavelengths as they accumulated pigment. Absorption spectra of the pigments showed greater absorption at shorter wavelengths, suggesting greater UV protection at these wavelengths. These results will assist in the development of fungal disinfection systems using UV, such as closed systems of air and water purification.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":98,"journal":{"name":"Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}