Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Accumulated melanin in molds provides wavelength-dependent UV tolerance","authors":"Yushi Onoda, Miharu Nagahashi, Michiyo Yamashita, Shiho Fukushima, Toshihiko Aizawa, Shigeharu Yamauchi, Yasuo Fujikawa, Tomotake Tanaka, Yasuko Kadomura-Ishikawa, Kai Ishida, Takashi Uebanso, Kazuaki Mawatari, Ernest R. Blatchley, Akira Takahashi","doi":"10.1007/s43630-024-00632-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43630-024-00632-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fungal contamination poses a serious threat to public health and food safety because molds can grow under stressful conditions through melanin accumulation. Although ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is popular for inhibiting microorganisms, its effectiveness is limited by our insufficient knowledge about UV tolerance in melanin-accumulating molds. In this study, we first confirmed the protective effect of melanin by evaluating the UV sensitivity of young and mature spores. Additionally, we compared UV sensitivity between spores with accumulated melanin and spores prepared with melanin biosynthesis inhibitors. We found that mature spores were less UV-sensitive than young spores, and that reduced melanin accumulation by inhibitors led to reduced UV sensitivity. These results suggest that melanin protects cells against UV irradiation. To determine the most effective wavelength for inhibition, we evaluated the wavelength dependence of UV tolerance in a yeast (<i>Rhodotorula mucilaginosa</i>) and in molds (<i>Aspergillus fumigatus, Cladosporium halotolerans</i>, <i>Cladosporium sphaerospermum</i>, <i>Aspergillus brasiliensis</i>, <i>Penicillium roqueforti</i>, and <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>). We assessed UV tolerance using a UV-light emitting diode (LED) irradiation system with 13 wavelength-ranked LEDs between 250 and 365 nm, a krypton chlorine (KrCl) excimer lamp device, and a low pressure (LP) Hg lamp device. The inhibition of fungi peaked at around 270 nm, and most molds showed reduced UV sensitivity at shorter wavelengths as they accumulated pigment. Absorption spectra of the pigments showed greater absorption at shorter wavelengths, suggesting greater UV protection at these wavelengths. These results will assist in the development of fungal disinfection systems using UV, such as closed systems of air and water purification.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":98,"journal":{"name":"Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-destructive estimation of flesh oil content in avocado (Persea americana Mill.) using fluorescence images from 365-nm UV light excitation","authors":"Tianqi Gao, Yoshito Saito, Yuuka Miwa, Makoto Kuramoto, Keiji Konagaya, Atsuhiro Yamamoto, Shintaro Hashiguchi, Tetsuhito Suzuki, Naoshi Kondo","doi":"10.1007/s43630-024-00636-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43630-024-00636-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The flesh oil content (OC) is a crucial commercial indicator of avocado maturity and directly correlates with its nutritional quality. To meet export standards and optimize edible characteristics, avocados must be harvested at the appropriate stage of physiological maturity. The significant variability in OC during maturation, without any external morphological indicators, poses a longstanding challenge. Currently, harvesting maturity is optimized through time-consuming, destructive laboratory methods like freeze-drying and chemical extraction, which use representative samples to estimate the maturity of entire orchards. In this study, for the first time, we employed fluorescence imaging of avocado skin using 365-nm UV polarized light excitation to estimate the OC in the ‘Bacon’ avocado cultivar. We developed a surface fluorescence index that strongly correlates with OC, achieving correlation coefficients up to − 0.91. Our non-destructive and rapid approach achieved a cross-validation accuracy with an <i>R</i>² value of 0.81, enabling the classification of avocados with low and high OC. This pioneering method shows considerable potential for further improvement and refinement. This study lays the groundwork for developing a portable, cost-effective, and real-time method for non-destructive in situ monitoring of avocado OC in the field and its integration into large-scale post-harvest grading systems.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":98,"journal":{"name":"Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences","volume":"15 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and synthesis of a 2,5-Diarylthiophene chromophore for enhanced near-infrared two-photon uncaging efficiency of calcium ions","authors":"Tam Thi Thanh Tran, Manabu Abe","doi":"10.1007/s43630-024-00623-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43630-024-00623-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The design and synthesis of two-photon-responsive chromophores have recently garnered significant attention owing to their potential applications in materials and life sciences. In this study, a novel π-conjugated system, 2-dimethylaminophenyl-5-nitrophenylthiophene derivatives, featuring a thiophene unit as the π-linker between the donor (NMe₂C₆H₄–) and acceptor (NO₂C₆H₄–) units was designed, synthesized, and applied for the development of two-photon-responsive chromophores as a photoremovable protecting group in the near-infrared region. Notably, the positional effect of the nitro group (NO₂), <i>meta</i> versus <i>para</i> position, was observed in the uncaging process of benzoic acid. Additionally, while the <i>para</i>-isomer exhibited a single fluorescence peak, a dual emission was detected for the <i>meta</i>-isomer in polar solvents. The caged calcium ion (Ca²⁺) incorporating the newly synthesized thiophene unit exhibited a sizable two-photon absorption cross-section value (σ₂ = 129 GM at 830 nm). Both one-photon and two-photon photoirradiation of caged calcium ions successfully released calcium ions, indicating the potential utility of 2,5-diarylthiophene derivatives in future biological studies.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":98,"journal":{"name":"Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142198718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the modification of skin and gut microbiota in psoriasis patients treated with phototherapy","authors":"Alba Navarro-Bielsa, Tamara Gracia-Cazaña, Rosa del Campo, Raquel Barbero, Concepción López-Gómez, Pedro Gil-Pallares, Yolanda Gilaberte","doi":"10.1007/s43630-024-00628-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43630-024-00628-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":98,"journal":{"name":"Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences","volume":"172 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142198719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The preventive effects of natural plant compound carvacrol against combined UVA and UVB-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in skin damage of rats","authors":"Gulsah Evyapan, Halil Ozkol, Hatice Uce Ozkol, Özge Alvur, Sakine Akar","doi":"10.1007/s43630-024-00631-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43630-024-00631-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The skin is constantly exposed to a variety of environmental stressors, including ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Exposure of the skin to UV radiation causes a number of detrimental biological damages such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The ER stress response is a cytoprotective mechanism that maintains homeostasis of the ER by increasing the capacity of the ER against the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER. Carvacrol (CRV) is a monoterpenoid phenol found in essential oils with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. We investigated for the first time in the literature the potential protective role of CRV against combined UVA and UVB-induced skin damage by targeting the ER stress pathway in a rat model. For this purpose, expressions of <i>Grp78, Perk, Atf6, Ire-1, Chop, Xbp1, Casp12, elF2α,</i> and <i>Traf2</i> genes related to ER stress were analyzed by RT-PCR and protein expression levels of GRP78, ATF6, CHOP, and XBP1 were determined by ELISA assay in tissue sections taken from the back of the rats. As a result of analysis, it was seen that the expression levels of aforementioned ER stress genes increased significantly in the UVA + UVB irradiated group compared to the control group, while their expression levels decreased markedly by supplementation of CRV in UVA + UVB + CRV group. With regard to expressions of foregoing proteins, their levels escalated notably with UVA + UVB application and decreased markedly by CRV supplementation. In conclusion, present study revealed that CRV ameliorates UVA + UVB-induced ER stress via reducing the expression of mRNA as well as proteins involved in the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway and inducing apoptosis as evidenced from high <i>Caspase12</i> level.</p>","PeriodicalId":98,"journal":{"name":"Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142198720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of remotely connected trialkyl ammonium groups on the dye molecules in the photochemical behavior on the clay nanosheet.","authors":"Masbooth Rasa Melechalil, Tetsuya Shimada, Tamao Ishida, Shinsuke Takagi","doi":"10.1007/s43630-024-00625-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43630-024-00625-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The enhanced emission properties of several cationic dye molecules on the clay surface established as a result of the strong electrostatic interaction and associated molecular flattening leading to either the suppression of non-radiative deactivation processes or the improvement of radiative deactivation processes has been verified, and it is known as surface-fixation induced emission (S-FIE). Here, the differences in the S-FIE properties as well as the self-fluorescence quenching behavior of the dimidium and propidium dyes were compared. Propidium differs from dimidium by the substitution of a propyl (diethyl methylammonium) group at the 5th position instead of the methyl group in dimidium. So, the differences induced by this substitution, which is not even in conjugation with the chromophore part of the dye molecule show a significant impact on the adsorption strength, S-FIE properties, and self-fluorescence quenching behavior. In propidium and dimidium, the suppression of k_nr was the key factor for emission enhancement on the clay surface. Interestingly, the alkylammonium cation group in the Propidium helped for better adsorption strength as well as to reduce the self-fluorescence quenching behavior on the clay surface as compared to the dimidium. Since the trialkylammonium cation was not in conjugation with the core structure of the molecule and located at a specific distance, it did not interrupt the flattening of the molecule on the clay surface. These results could be beneficial in the construction of efficient photochemical reaction systems, where the molecule having low adsorption strengths can be modified by alkyl ammonium cations, which will not affect molecular planarization.</p>","PeriodicalId":98,"journal":{"name":"Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1725-1734"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142138677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generation of singlet oxygen inside living cells: correlation between phosphorescence decay lifetime, localization and outcome of photodynamic action.","authors":"Grzegorz Szewczyk, Krystian Mokrzyński, Tadeusz Sarna","doi":"10.1007/s43630-024-00620-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43630-024-00620-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising alternative treatment for localized lesions and infections, utilizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by photosensitizers (PS) upon light activation. Singlet oxygen (¹O₂) is a key ROS responsible for photodynamic damage. However, the effectiveness of PS in biological systems may not correlate with the efficiency of singlet oxygen generation in homogeneous solutions. This study investigated singlet oxygen generation and its decay in various cellular microenvironments using liposome and ARPE-19 cell models. Rose Bengal (RB), methylene blue (MB), and protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) were employed as selected PS. Lifetimes of singlet oxygen generated by the selected photosensitizers in different cellular compartments varied, indicating different quenching rates with singlet oxygen. RB, located near cell membranes, exhibited the highest phototoxicity and lipid/protein peroxidation, followed by PpIX, while MB showed minimal cytotoxicity in similar conditions. Singlet oxygen decay lifetimes provide insights into PS localization and potential phototoxicity, highlighting the importance of the lipid microenvironment in PDT efficacy, providing useful screening method prior to in vivo applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":98,"journal":{"name":"Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1673-1685"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142138678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of crystallite size reduction and widening of optical phonon vibration due to AC variation on ZnO/Mg composites in implementation of methylene blue degradation.","authors":"Rezki Amelia Putri, Dahlang Tahir, Heryanto","doi":"10.1007/s43630-024-00624-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43630-024-00624-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fashion industry's reliance on dyes contributes significantly to environmental pollution, which disturbs the ecological balance. To address this issue, we used ZnO/Mg combined with activated carbon (AC) at various concentrations (0.1 g, 0.5 g, and 1 g), which were synthesized via sol-gel and mechanical alloying processes. The analysis of X-ray diffraction shows reduced crystallite size, with d-spacing change ( <math><mo>→</mo></math> d <math><mo>←</mo></math> ) for ZnO/Mg/AC (0.5 g) and ( <math><mo>←</mo></math> d <math><mo>→</mo></math> ) for ZnO/Mg/AC (1 g), respectively. The results of the IR spectrum indicated the main vibrations is MgO and Zn-O bonds at wave numbers 673 cm^-1 and 467 cm^-1. It was found that ZnO/Mg/AC (1 g) shows high degradation performance <math><mrow><mi>D</mi> <mo>%</mo></mrow> </math> : 86.15% as a consequence of reduced crystallite size: 22.67 nm, decreased skin depth: 0.002 cm, widening of optical phonon vibration ( <math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi> <mo>(</mo> <mtext>LO</mtext> <mo>-</mo> <mtext>TO</mtext> <mo>)</mo></mrow> </math> ): 252 cm^-1 and increased <math><msub><mi>E</mi> <mtext>g</mtext></msub> </math> : 4.6 eV as a function AC variation. Moreover, the finding of high photocatalytic performance <math><mo>≥</mo></math>  80% for 0.25 mL MB dissolved in 250 mL distilled water is obtained from all composites. Based on these results, ZnO/Mg/AC shows potential as a photocatalyst to solve the MB waste problem.</p>","PeriodicalId":98,"journal":{"name":"Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1709-1724"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142102251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of fluence rate and wavelength on the formation of protoporphyrin IX photoproducts.","authors":"Sochi J Ogbonna, Katsuyoshi Masuda, Hisanao Hazama","doi":"10.1007/s43630-024-00611-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43630-024-00611-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photodynamic diagnosis and therapy (PDD and PDT) are emerging techniques for diagnosing and treating tumors and malignant diseases. Photoproducts of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) used in PDD and PDT may be used in the diagnosis and treatment, making a detailed analysis of the photoproduct formation under various treatment and diagnosis conditions important.Spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analysis of photoproduct formation from PpIX dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide were performed under commonly used irradiation conditions for PDD and PDT, i.e., wavelengths of 405 and 635 nm and fluence rates of 10 and 100 mW/cm². Irradiation resulted in the formation of hydroxyaldehyde photoproduct (photoprotoporphyrin; Ppp) and formyl photoproduct (product II; Pp II) existing in different quantities with the irradiation wavelength and fluence rate. Ppp was dominant under 635 nm irradiation of PpIX, with a fluorescence peak at 673 nm and a protonated monoisotopic peak at m/z 595.3. PpIX irradiation with 405 nm yielded more Pp II, with a fluorescence peak at 654 nm. A higher photoproduct formation was observed at a low fluence rate for irradiation with 635 nm, while irradiation with 405 nm indicated a higher photoproduct formation at a higher fluence rate.The photoproduct formation with the irradiation conditions can be exploited for dosimetry estimation and may be used as an additional photosensitizer to improve the diagnostics and treatment efficacies of PDD and PDT. Differences in environmental conditions of the present study from that of a biological environment may result in a variation in the photoproduct formation rate and may limit their clinical utilization in PDD and PDT. Thus, further investigation of photoproduct formation rates in more complex biological environments, including in vivo, is necessary. However, the results obtained in this study will serve as a basis for understanding reaction processes in such biological environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":98,"journal":{"name":"Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1627-1639"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142152579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photodegradation of tylosin tartrate by advanced oxidation processes.","authors":"Arsh P Mundi, Hanoz Santoke","doi":"10.1007/s43630-024-00621-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43630-024-00621-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tylosin tartrate, a macrolide antibiotic, is one of a class of emerging contaminants that have been detected in natural bodies of water since they are not easily removed by conventional treatment processes. In this study, the direct and indirect photodegradation of tylosin tartrate was analyzed to understand the role of reactive oxygen species and organic matter that may be present in surface waters. While direct photolysis caused negligible degradation (k = (9.4 ± 1.8) × 10^-5 s^-1), the addition of 0.4 M hydrogen peroxide (k = (2.18 ± 0.01) × 10^-4 s^-1) or usage of the photo-Fenton process (k = (2.96 ± 0.02) × 10^-4 s^-1) resulted in greater degradation. The degradation was maximized by combining tylosin tartrate with an experimentally determined optimal concentration of humic acid (15 mg/L), which readily produced singlet oxygen and increased the overall degradation (k = 1.31 ± 0.05) × 10^-3 s^-1) by means of indirect photolysis. Absolute pseudo-first-order bimolecular reaction rate constants for tylosin tartrate were measured with singlet oxygen [(4.7936 ± 0.0001) × 10⁵ M^-1 s^-1] and hydroxyl radical [(5.2693 ± 0.0002) × 10⁹ M^-1 s^-1] using competition kinetics, and when combined with data on concentration of the reactive oxygen species, showed that the hydroxyl radical makes a contribution to the degradation that is approximately eleven orders of magnitude greater than singlet oxygen.</p>","PeriodicalId":98,"journal":{"name":"Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1687-1695"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142102330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}