Chinese Journal of Cancer Research最新文献

{"title":"Breast cancer: Epidemiology, risk factors and screening.","authors":"Hangcheng Xu, Binghe Xu","doi":"10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2023.06.02","DOIUrl":"10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2023.06.02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer is a global health concern with a significant impact on the well-being of women. Worldwide, the past several decades have witnessed changes in the incidence and mortality of breast cancer. Additionally, epidemiological data reveal distinct geographic and demographic disparities globally. A range of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors are established as being associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer. This review discusses genetic, hormonal, behavioral, environmental, and breast-related risk factors. Screening plays a critical role in the effective management of breast cancer. Various screening modalities, including mammography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and physical examination, have different applications, and a combination of these modalities is applied in practice. Current screening recommendations are based on factors including age and risk, with a significant emphasis on minimizing potential harms to achieve an optimal benefits-to-harms ratio. This review provides a comprehensive insight into the epidemiology, risk factors, and screening of breast cancer. Understanding these elements is crucial for improving breast cancer management and reducing its burden on affected individuals and healthcare systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":9882,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Cancer Research","volume":"35 6","pages":"565-583"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10774137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139418936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and early screening strategies for colorectal cancer in China.","authors":"Yong Yang, Zhaoya Gao, An Huang, Jingyi Shi, Zhuang Sun, Haopeng Hong, Jin Gu","doi":"10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2023.06.05","DOIUrl":"10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2023.06.05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>China ranks the first worldwide in the number of new colorectal cancer (CRC) cases and CRC-related deaths. The increasing incidence of early-onset CRC in recent years highlights the challenges related to CRC screening and prevention. High-quality colonoscopy is the universally used gold standard for CRC screening. Risk assessment combined with a two-step screening strategy based on colonoscopy and non-invasive examinations was proven to be highly effective. However, systematic use of well-established risk factors associated with CRC, beyond age, could better identify those who might harbor advanced colorectal neoplasia, improve the diagnostic yield of current screening modalities, and optimize the selection of individuals who might benefit most from preventive strategies. \"Personalization\" and \"Standardization\" are the future development directions of CRC screening, from the initiation of screening in those at high risk for CRC to follow-up after treatment, which are the key to ensure the screening efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":9882,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Cancer Research","volume":"35 6","pages":"606-617"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10774140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139418738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastric cancer surgery in South Korea: Past, present, and future.","authors":"Sung Gon Kim, Sang Eok Lee, Bang Wool Eom, Hong Man Yoon, Young-Woo Kim, Keun Won Ryu","doi":"10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2023.06.07","DOIUrl":"10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2023.06.07","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastric cancer remains a significant global health concern and its surgical management approaches have undergone significant changes in South Korea and worldwide. Subtotal or total gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection is well established as a standard surgical procedure for gastric cancer. With the active implementation of cancer screening in South Korea, the proportion of early gastric cancer cases has significantly increased over the past few decades, leading to a steady increase in the survival rate among patients. Furthermore, recent advances in surgical instruments and techniques have made minimally invasive surgery increasingly prevalent, not only for early but also for advanced gastric cancer. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the evolution and current status of gastric cancer surgery in South Korea.</p>","PeriodicalId":9882,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Cancer Research","volume":"35 6","pages":"627-635"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10774143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139418937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling clinical significance and tumor immune landscape of CXCL12 in bladder cancer: Insights from multiple omics analysis.","authors":"Zhouting Tuo, Dechao Feng, Zhiwei Jiang, Liangkuan Bi, Chao Yang, Qi Wang","doi":"10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2023.06.12","DOIUrl":"10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2023.06.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The interplay between chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 12 (CXCL12) and its specific receptors is known to trigger various signaling pathways, contributing to tumor proliferation and metastasis. Consequently, targeting this signaling axis has emerged as a potential strategy in cancer therapy. However, the precise role of CXCL12 in clinical therapy, especially in immunotherapy for bladder cancer (BCa), remains poorly elucidated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We gathered multiple omics data from public databases to unveil the clinical relevance and tumor immune landscape associated with CXCL12 in BCa patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were employed to assess the independent prognostic significance of CXCL12 expression and formulate a nomogram. The expression of CXCL12 in BCa cell lines and clinical tissue samples was validated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While transcriptional expression of CXCL12 exhibited a decrease in nearly all tumor tissues, CXCL12 methylation expression was notably increased in BCa tissues. Single-cell RNA analysis highlighted tissue stem cells and endothelial cells as the primary sources expressing CXCL12. Abnormal CXCL12 expression, based on transcriptional and methylation levels, correlated with various clinical characteristics in BCa patients. Functional analysis indicated enrichment of CXCL12 and its co-expression genes in immune regulation and cell adhesion. The immune landscape analysis unveiled a significant association between CXCL12 expression and M2 macrophages (CD163⁺ cells) in BCa tissues. Notably, CXCL12 expression emerged as a potential predictor of immunotherapy response and chemotherapy drug sensitivity in BCa patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Taken together, these findings suggest aberrant production of CXCL12 in BCa tissues, potentially influencing the treatment responses of affected individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":9882,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Cancer Research","volume":"35 6","pages":"686-701"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10774138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139418744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health economic evaluation on population-based <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> eradication and endoscopic screening for gastric cancer prevention.","authors":"Zhiqiang Hu, Zongchao Liu, Wenqing Li, Weicheng You, Kaifeng Pan","doi":"10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2023.06.04","DOIUrl":"10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2023.06.04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastric cancer is a global public health burden, nearly one million new cases are diagnosed per year worldwide, of which 44% of cases occur in China. The prognosis of gastric cancer varies remarkably by the stage of cancer, and most of the patients in China are diagnosed at advanced stages, resulting in poor prognoses. Effective strategies to reduce the burden of gastric cancer include primary prevention through testing and treatment of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) and secondary prevention by screening and early detection. Although many countries have issued management guidelines and consensus reports concerning these strategies, the limited availability of healthcare resources often precludes their widespread implementation. Therefore, assessing the costs, benefits, and harms of population-based intervention measures through health economic evaluation is necessary for informed health policy decisions. Accordingly, we synthesize management approaches from different countries on <i>H. pylori</i> eradication and endoscopic screening, and also summarize recent advancements in health economic evaluations on population-based preventive strategies. The goal of the review is to provide empirical evidence supporting optimal resource allocation, maximizing benefits for the population, and ultimately reducing the burden of gastric cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":9882,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Cancer Research","volume":"35 6","pages":"595-605"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10774135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139418741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benchmark for establishment of organoids from gastrointestinal epithelium and cancer based on available consumables and reagents.","authors":"Ruixin Yang, Zhen Xiang, Ranlin Yan, Wingyan Kwan, Lu Zang, Zhenggang Zhu, Yao Qi, Yanping Xu, Xiaoyan Zhang, Hengjun Gao, Yingyan Yu","doi":"10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2023.06.08","DOIUrl":"10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2023.06.08","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastrointestinal cancers are a public health problem that threatens the lives of human being. A good experimental model is a powerful tool to promote the uncovering pathogenesis and establish novel treatment methods. High-quality biomedical research requires experimental models to recapitulate the physiological and pathological states of their parental tissues as much as possible. Organoids are such experimental models. Organoids refer to small organ-like cellular clusters formed by the expansion and passaging of living tissues in 3D culture medium <i>in vitro</i>. Organoids are highly similar to the original tissues in terms of cellular composition, cell functions, and genomic profiling. Organoids have many advantages, such as short preparation cycles, long-term storage based on cryopreservation, and reusability. In recent years, researchers carried out the establishment of organoids from gastrointestinal mucosa and cancer tissues, and accumulated valuable experiences. In order to promote effective usage and further development of organoid-related technologies in the research of gastrointestinal diseases, this study proposes a benchmark based on utilization of available experimental consumables and reagents, which are involved in the key steps such as collection and pretreatment of biospecimen, organoid construction, organoid cryopreservation and recovery, growth status evaluation, and organoid quality control. We believe that the standard for the construction and preservation of organoids derived from human gastrointestinal epithelium and cancer tissues can provide an important reference for the majority of scientific researchers.</p>","PeriodicalId":9882,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Cancer Research","volume":"35 6","pages":"636-644"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10774133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139418735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring ideal operative time for best outcomes in gastric cancer surgery: A multi-institutional study based on KLASS-07 database.","authors":"Shin-Hoo Park, Ye-Rim Shin, Hoon Hur, Chang Min Lee, Jae Seok Min, Seung Wan Ryu, Hyun Dong Chae, Oh Jeong, Chang-In Choi, Kyo-Young Song, Ho Goon Kim, Ye Seob Jee, Kwang Hee Kim, Jeong Goo Kim, Kyung Sook Yang, Hua Huang, Sungsoo Park","doi":"10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2023.06.10","DOIUrl":"10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2023.06.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>While a rushed operation can omit essential procedures, prolonged operative time results in higher morbidity. Nevertheless, the optimal operative time range remains uncertain. This study aimed to estimate the ideal operative time range and evaluate its applicability in laparoscopic cancer surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospectively collected multicenter database of 397 patients who underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy were retrospectively reviewed. The ideal operative time range was statistically calculated by separately analyzing the operative time of uneventful surgeries. Finally, intraoperative and postoperative outcomes were compared among the shorter, ideal, and longer operative time groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The statistically calculated ideal operative time was 135.4-165.4 min. The longer operative time (LOT) group had a lower rate of uneventful, perfect surgery than the ideal or shorter operative time (IOT/SOT) group (2.8% <i>vs.</i> 8.8% and 2.2% <i>vs.</i> 13.4%, all P<0.05). Longer operative time increased bleeding, postoperative morbidities, and delayed diet and discharge (all P<0.05). Particularly, an uneventful, perfect surgery could not be achieved when the operative time exceeded 240 min. Regardless of ideal time range, SOT group achieved the highest percentage of uneventful surgery (13.4%), which was possible by surgeon's ability to retrieve a higher number of lymph nodes and perform ≥150 gastrectomies annually.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Operative time longer than the ideal time range (especially ≥240 min) should be avoided. If the essential operative procedure were faithfully conducted without compromising oncological safety, an operative time shorter than the ideal range leaded to a better prognosis. Efforts to minimize operative time should be attempted with sufficient surgical experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":9882,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Cancer Research","volume":"35 6","pages":"660-674"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10774136/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139418740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comments on <i>National Health Commission guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer 2023 in China (English version)</i>.","authors":"Yong Yang, Zhaoya Gao, Jin Gu","doi":"10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2023.05.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2023.05.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9882,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Cancer Research","volume":"35 5","pages":"431-432"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10643337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134650608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MRD-directed and risk-adapted individualized stratified treatment of AML.","authors":"Yijing Zhao, Hanfei Guo, Yingjun Chang","doi":"10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2023.05.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2023.05.04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Measurable residual disease (MRD) has been widely recognized as a biomarker for deeply evaluating complete remission (CR), predicting relapse, guiding pre-emptive interventions, and serving as an endpoint surrogate for drug testing. However, despite the emergence of new technologies, there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the proper techniques, sample materials, and optimal time points for MRD assessment. In this review, we summarized the MRD methods, sample sources, and evaluation frequency according to the risk category of the European Leukemia Net (ELN) 2022. Additionally, we emphasize the importance of properly utilizing and combining these technologies. We have also refined the flowchart outlining each time point for pre-emptive interventions and intervention paths. The evaluation of MRD in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is sophisticated, clinically applicable, and technology-dependent, and necessitates standardized approaches and further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":9882,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Cancer Research","volume":"35 5","pages":"451-469"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10643342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134650613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baseline radiologic features as predictors of efficacy in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors with liver metastases receiving surufatinib.","authors":"Jianwei Zhang, Haibin Zhu, Lin Shen, Jie Li, Xiaoyan Zhang, Chunmei Bai, Zhiwei Zhou, Xianrui Yu, Zhiping Li, Enxiao Li, Xianglin Yuan, Wenhui Lou, Yihebali Chi, Nong Xu, Yongmei Yin, Yuxian Bai, Tao Zhang, Dianrong Xiu, Jia Chen, Shukui Qin, Xiuwen Wang, Yujie Yang, Haoyun Shi, Xian Luo, Songhua Fan, Weiguo Su, Ming Lu, Jianming Xu","doi":"10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2023.05.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2023.05.09","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Currently, pre-treatment prediction of patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors with liver metastases (PNELM) receiving surufatinib treatment was unsatisfying. Our objective was to examine the association between radiological characteristics and efficacy/prognosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled patients with liver metastases in the phase III, SANET-p trial (NCT02589821) and obtained contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) images. Qualitative and quantitative parameters including hepatic tumor margins, lesion volumes, enhancement pattern, localization types, and enhancement ratios were evaluated. The progression-free survival (PFS) and hazard ratio (HR) were calculated using Cox's proportional hazard model. Efficacy was analyzed by logistic-regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 152 patients who had baseline CECT assessments and were included in this analysis, the surufatinib group showed statistically superior efficacy in terms of median PFS compared to placebo across various qualitative and quantitative parameters. In the multivariable analysis of patients receiving surufatinib (N=100), those with higher arterial phase standardized enhancement ratio-peri-lesion (ASER-peri) exhibited longer PFS [HR=0.039; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.003-0.483; P=0.012]. Furthermore, patients with a high enhancement pattern experienced an improvement in the objective response ratio [31.3% <i>vs</i>. 14.7%, odds ratio (OR)=3.488; 95% CI: 1.024-11.875; P=0.046], and well-defined tumor margins were associated with a higher disease control rate (DCR) (89.3% <i>vs</i>. 68.2%, OR=4.535; 95% CI: 1.285-16.011; P=0.019) compared to poorly-defined margins.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These pre-treatment radiological features, namely high ASER-peri, high enhancement pattern, and well-defined tumor margins, have the potential to serve as predictive markers of efficacy in patients with PNELM receiving surufatinib.</p>","PeriodicalId":9882,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Cancer Research","volume":"35 5","pages":"526-535"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10643338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134650607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}