Ceskoslovenska patologie最新文献

{"title":"Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis from pathologist's point of view.","authors":"Eva Sticová,&nbsp;Jitka Kyclová,&nbsp;Miroslav Důra,&nbsp;Jiří Štork,&nbsp;Břetislav Lipový","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell syndrome) are rare diseases characterized by rapid blistering followed by extensive skin and mucosal exfoliation and constitutional symptoms. In most cases, drugs are the main triggers, but the etiopathogenesis of the diseases is not fully understood. Lyell syndrome is associated with a high mortality rate, reported to be around 35%. Therefore, early diagnosis requiring close interdisciplinary cooperation is essential. The diagnosis based on the clinical picture and a detailed pharmacological history should be confirmed by histopathological examination of the skin specimen, including analysis by direct immunofluorescence.</p>","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"59 3","pages":"124-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41116703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case report: Acute kidney injury with progression to chronicity in an eldery woman.","authors":"Olga Snížková,&nbsp;Karolína Krátká,&nbsp;Martin Havrda,&nbsp;Ivan Rychlík,&nbsp;Mayara Elisa Knížek Bonatto,&nbsp;Eva Honsová","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute renal failure in elderly patients can be caused by a wide spectrum of diseases that usually have a cause outside the kidney. The most common causes include renal impairment as part of ANCA vasculitis, another category includes clonal plasmatic cell disease with light chain cast nephropathy; and there also exists an increasing number of drug-induced tubulointerstial damage. We present a case of iatrogenic less common form of acute failure in a 73-year-old woman, who did not suffer from any serious disease until then. Although the biopsy helped to determine the cause of the failure and thus affect subsequent therapy, the function did not return to the previous state and the patient progressed to CKD G3bA1 with serum creatinine values of around 170-140 μmol/l.</p>","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"59 2","pages":"80-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9834642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Pitfalls in Dermatopathology.","authors":"Miroslav Důra,&nbsp;Jiří Štork,&nbsp;Andrea Felšöová,&nbsp;Eva Sticová","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dermatopathology is a distinct part of pathology revealing the rich association with soft tissue pathology and hematopathology. Regarding the number and diversity of the skin disorders, dermatopathology is a broad specialty encompassing hundreds of diseases. The diagnostics in dermatopathology contains a range of specific features. The article summarizes several practically important pitfalls in dermatopathology. The adequate timing and locality selection for proper sampling are emphasized. The influence of the topical therapy on the histopathological picture is debated. The frequently used surgical procedures in the skin biopsy are presented. The most frequent incidental findings and artifacts in cutaneous pathology are discussed. Problematics of the alopecia examination and direct immunofluorescence are added. Clinical-pathological correlation performed by the pathologist, and subsequently by the dermatologist, is the essential step in the diagnostic process. The knowledge transcending to the other specialty and reciprocal communication are prerequisite for the right diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"59 3","pages":"96-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41102279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Warthin-like papillary carcinoma: Case report.","authors":"Jana Jakešová,&nbsp;Roman Boháč,&nbsp;Jan Betlach","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Warthin-like papillary thyroid carcinoma is a rare variant of papillary carcinoma with a very good prognosis. It is often associated with lymphocytic thyroiditis. Due to its typical histological picture resembling Warthin's salivary gland tumor, the histological diagnosis is not difficult, usually does not require an accompanying immunohistochemical examination and is based on the presence of nuclear features typical of papillary carcinoma and the presence of oncocytes in a background of rich lymphocyte infiltrate. The preoperative cytologic examination is challenging, as many other lesions may have a similar picture. Women are more likely to get affected. It appears a decade earlier than the classic variant. Clinically, it presents similarly to a conventional papillary carcinoma. In our case report, we would like to present the case of a 56-year-old woman with non-toxic multinodular goiter, in whom the presence of this rare variant of papillary carcinoma was revealed by histological examination.</p>","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"59 1","pages":"23-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9424774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small cell lung cancer - news in the tumour´s biology.","authors":"Klára Pavlíčková,&nbsp;Radoslav Matěj","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is a high grade neuroendocrinne tumour accounting for approximately 15 % of lung cancers. It is characterised by early relapse and low survival rate. The treatment has remained unchanged for decades. Histological and cytological characteristics are summarised in brief, along with genetic alterations of the tumour. A new molecular subtype classification is presented according to the expression of transciptional factors ASCL1 (SCLC-A), NEUROD1 (SCLC-D), POU2F3 (SCLC-P) and YAP1 (SCLC-Y). These subtypes represent different ways of tumorigenesis, and the distinct genomic alterations may offer new therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"59 1","pages":"18-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9421121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methylation analysis as an auxiliary tool in cytological diagnostics of infrequent anogenital lesions - a pilot study.","authors":"Jana Němcová,&nbsp;Kateřina Černá,&nbsp;Radek Šíma,&nbsp;Iva Kinkorová Luňáčková,&nbsp;Filip Rob,&nbsp;Petr Martínek,&nbsp;Jiří Bouda,&nbsp;Jana,&nbsp;Šmahelová,&nbsp;Ondrej Ondič","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Methylation silencing of certain cellular genes is a sign of carcinogenesis progression and therefore tests that detect methylation could be used in the diagnosis or staging of malignant diseases. In the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix which are almost 100% caused by long-term infection with highrisk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV), methylation silencing of certain cellular genes is a highly specific marker of advanced dysplastic lesions and appears to result from aberrant activation of the methyltransferase DNMT1 by viral oncoproteins E6 and E7. A methylation test performed on a cervicovaginal cytology specimen allows to increase the diagnostic value of this non-invasive test and to select patients with severe squamous cell lesions for follow-up. Other less frequent anogenital malignancies that are induced by HR-HPV to a lesser extent can also be detected by cytological examination - glandular lesions of various origins, most commonly cervical and endometrial adenocarcinomas and anal carcinoma. The aim of our pilot study was to evaluate the utility of a methylation test for the diagnosis of these malignancies in a cohort of 50 liquid-based cervicovaginal cytologies with glandular lesion and 74 liquid-based anal cytologies from HIV-positive men having sex with men who are at high risk for anal cancer development.</p>","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"59 1","pages":"26-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9421122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights in the new WHO classification of adult renal tumors.","authors":"Ondřej Hes,&nbsp;Květoslava Michalová,&nbsp;Kristýna Pivovarčíková","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 5th edition of WHO classification of adult renal tumors introduced a couple of changes in existing, well established entities, as well as some new distinct renal tumors. Papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is no longer divided into type 1 and type 2. Type 1 is now called &#8220;classic&#8221; variant and type 2 doesn´t exist anymore. There were long discussion about problematic type 2. According to WHO 2022 the correct name is papillary RCC (and subtype/variant should be mentioned in the description). Another important change came for clear cell papillary RCC. Because there is no convincing evidence that genuine clear cell papillary RCC can produce recurrences or metastases, it is now termed as clear cell papillary tumor. All previously reported aggressive cases are now considered misclassified clear cell RCC (mostly) or other entities. In less typical cases, genetic support of diagnosis with complex analysis of VHL gene should be added. New category &#8220;other oncocytic tumors&#8221; emerged for tumors from gray zone between renal oncocytoma and chromophobe RCC. Term hybrid oncocytic tumor should be reserved for those with hereditary Birth-Hogg-Dubé syndrome. Emerging entities, like eosinophilic vacuolated tumor (EVT) and oncocytic low-grade tumor (LOT) are mentioned, however, more work is needed for better establishment of the criteria. There is a new category of &#8220;molecularly defined renal carcinomas&#8221;, where MITf translocation RCCs are divided into TFE3 rearranged RCC with fusion partner dependent morphologic variability, and to TFEB rearranged RCC. In this group, indolent TFEB translocated RCCs are recognized, as well as potentionally aggressive RCC with TFEB gene amplification. In WHO 2016, ALK rearranged RCC was considered as emerging entity. In WHO 2022 it is listed among &#8220;molecularly defined RCC&#8221; as a distinct renal tumor with broad morphologic spectrum dependent partly on fusion partners. ELOC (TCEB1) mutated RCC is renal tumor composed of clear cell elements and huge fibromyomatous stroma. Diagnostic approach should be complex with support of immunohistochemistry (including CK7) and molecular genetic approach. However, there is overlap with MTOR pathway genes mutated RCC with fibromyomatous stroma. SMARCB1 deficient renal medullary carcinoma is high-grade invasive adenocarcinoma in patients with clinically proved sickle-cell trait and SMARCB1 deficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"67 4","pages":"187-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10350234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Giant cell fibroblastoma: a case report.","authors":"Jan Hrudka,&nbsp;Jan Hojný,&nbsp;Eva Leamerová,&nbsp;Radoslav Matěj","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Giant cell fibroblastoma is a rare locally aggressive tumor of subcutaneous mesenchymal tissue, occurring mostly on the trunk in young individuals with maximal incidence in the first decade of life. Local recurrences of giant cell fibroblastoma are common if marginally excised, however, distant metastases do not occur. Giant cell fibroblastoma was labelled as a juvenile variant of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) due to quite frequent combination of both lesions, morphological similarities, identical immunoprofile, and shared gene fusion t(17;22) COL1A1-PDGFB. In this paper, we report a case of a young man with a slowly growing subcutaneous tumor in the groin. The tumor was excised and histological examination identified a mesenchymal tumor with variable cellularity, presence of multinucleated giant cells and pleomorphic spindle cells, which lined pseudovascular or angiectoid spaces. The CD34 immunohistochemistry showed strong positivity in all of these cells, whereas ERG was positive only in endothelial cells in true vessels. These findings led to a suspicion on giant cell fibroblastoma. Because of its borderline malignant behaviour and positive surgical margins, the lesion was subsequently reexcised. The molecular analysis identified the transcription product of gene fusion COL1A1-PDGFB and thus, final diagnosis was confirmed. The article includes review of the literature and brief historical overview of giant cell fibroblastoma concept as an unique entity.</p>","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"58 3","pages":"161-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33501755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The changes and updates in the fifth edition of the WHO Classification of prostate tumors.","authors":"Ondrej Ondič","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fifth edition of the WHO classification of prostate tumors provides new insight into prostate cancer pathogenesis supported by molecular data. It discards the terms low-grade PIN and high-grade PIN. The new entity &#8222;Treatment-related neuroendocrine prostatic carcinoma&#8220; is introduced. The importance of the diagnosis of intraductal carcinoma is highlighted. The terminology of prostatic basocellular carcinoma is upgraded. Some cancer subtypes are being relocated to different chapters based on new findings. Also, the role of the prostate as an origin of hereditary cancer is stressed. Finally, the new therapeutic approaches are mentioned.</p>","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"67 4","pages":"205-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10344378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key changes in WHO classification 2022 of testicular tumors.","authors":"Květoslava Michalová,&nbsp;Ondřej Hes,&nbsp;Michal Michal","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Compared to the WHO classification of the male genital tumors in 2016, minimal changes were introduced in the current WHO 2022. Classification of germ cell tumors remains the same as in the previous edition, dividing germ cell tumors into those derived from germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) and those independent of GCNIS. The group of GCNIS derived germ cell tumors is essentially unchanged. Most remarkable change was made to the chapter teratoma with somatic malignancy. Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), a particular type of somatic malignancy arising in the setting of teratoma, is currently termed embryonic-type neuroectodermal tumor (ENET). Diagnostic criteria for teratoma with somatic type malignancy have been mildly modified. Seminoma now belongs to the group of germinomas. There is one novel entity in the category of germ cell tumors independent of GCNIS, namely testicular neuroendocrine tumor, prepubertal type. Similar to other organ systems, the term carcinoid is no longer used. Two new entities were introduced in the category of sex cord stromal tumors: myoid gonadal stromal tumor and signet ring stromal tumor. Diagnostic criteria for malignant sex cord stromal tumors were moderately changed. Mitotic activity is now assessed according to mm2 instead of historical assessment according to the number of mitoses per high power fields. There is a new separate chapter named Genetic tumor syndromes. Intratubular large cell hyalinizing Sertoli cell neoplasia which arises exclusively in patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, now belongs here. Large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor occurs as a hereditary tumor in patients with Carney complex as well as sporadically. Therefore, it is enlisted both in the chapter on sex cord tumors and as well as in genetic tumor syndromes. Well differentiated papillary mesothelial tumor was added as a new entity to the section of testicular adnexal tumors. Sertoliform cystadenoma, a tumor previously belonging to testicular adnexal tumors, is currently recognized as a subtype of Sertoli cell tumor.</p>","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"67 4","pages":"198-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10350236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}