Ceskoslovenska patologie最新文献

{"title":"EBV-associated plasmacytic variant of Castleman disease: more than a decade-long diagnostic odyssey - a case report.","authors":"Ivanna Boichuk, Zdeněk Adam","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Castleman disease is a rare and heterogeneous lymphoproliferative disorder with variable clinical presentation. The plasma cell variant, particularly when associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), is uncommon and diagnostically challenging. We present a complex and long-lasting case of EBV-associated plasma cell variant Castleman disease with fluctuating systemic symptoms, multiorgan involvement, and delayed definitive diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 35year old man (born 1974) first presented in 2009 with high-grade fever, diarrhea, elevated inflammatory markers, hepatomegaly and biochemical signs of liver injury. Initial findings were attributed to rotavirus infection. Over the following years, he developed recurrent episodes of fever, night sweats, fatigue, arthralgias, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and progressive laboratory abnormalities including persistent elevation of CRP, leukocytosis, hyperfibrinogenemia and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. Extensive diagnostic workup repeatedly ruled out infectious, rheumatologic and malignant causes. Imaging eventually demonstrated retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, spinal lesions (Th5- Th8), narrowing and occlusion of the inferior vena cava, and multiorgan inflammatory changes. Multiple biopsies (lymph nodes, spleen, liver, pancreas, bone lesions) initially showed only nonspecific reactive changes. Repeated PET/CT scans revealed multifocal FDG-avid lesions of low to moderate metabolic activity. In 2023, after multidisciplinary reassessment, lymph node tissue demonstrated EBV positivity in the absence of peripheral viremia, leading to a diagnosis of EBV-associated plasma cell variant Castleman disease. The patient was initiated on targeted therapy. During the third-line treatment, a sustained clinical and laboratory remission was achieved.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case illustrates the diagnostic complexity of EBV-associated plasma cell variant Castleman disease, especially when presenting with longstanding systemic inflammation, nonspecific multiorgan involvement, and repeatedly inconclusive histopathology. Early consideration of Castleman disease in chronic inflammatory syndromes with lymphadenopathy may reduce diagnostic delay and improve outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"62 1","pages":"58-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147716188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing Claudin 18.2 Expression in Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma: Current Status and Near‑Future Outlook.","authors":"Pavel Dundr, Radoslav Matěj","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2) represents one of the newest biomarkers expected to enter routine testing in the near future and expanding the spectrum of available predictive markers. It is currently a clinically relevant predictor for adenocarcinomas of the stomach and the gastroesophageal junction, although its use will likely extend also to other diagnoses. The aim of this report is to provide an overview of selected aspects of CLDN18.2 expression testing, including the choice of appropriate tissue, the issue of tumor heterogeneity, antibodies suitable for testing and their evaluation, where such testing can be performed, and the prospects for the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"62 1","pages":"13-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147716193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted gene expression profiling as a tool for diagnostic cell-of-origin determination and prognostic stratification in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.","authors":"Veronika Navrkalová, Andrea Marečková, Lenka Radová, Klára Činátlová, Václav Kubeš, David Šálek, Michael Doubek, Šárka Pospíšilová, Leoš Křen, Jana Kotašková","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Classification of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) according to cell-of-origin (COO) distinguishes two main biological subtypes: activated B-cell-like (ABC) and germinal center B-cell-like (GCB). Although this distinction reflects different pathogenetic mechanisms, its prognostic impact diminishes in the context of evolving therapeutic strategies. Molecular subtyping of DLBCL, which is based on the spectrum of affected genes and aims to personalize treatment approaches, is currently gaining importance. In the study, we applied targeted gene expression profiling (GEP) using a custom Lympho-qPCR panel, enabling rapid and practically applicable ABC/GCB classification together with risk stratification of patients. RNA isolated from a cohort of 89 DLBCL tissue samples was analyzed using three GEP-based classification models. Model A compared the expression profile with immunohistochemical (IHC) COO determination and showed the expected lower correlation (62 %). Model B employed the expression scores of selected genes to predict COO regardless of IHC classification. Model C was developed as a new IHC-independent prognostic tool allowing patient stratification based on expected survival. Patients identified as high-risk by Model C had significantly worse outcomes, regardless of existing clinical prognostic indicators. In patients with early progression, parallel DNA sequencing analysis (integrative LYNX panel) confirmed complex chromosomal aberrations and defects in BCL2, TP53 and CDKN2A/B. Our results demonstrate that targeted GEP testing represents a robust, rapid, and clinically applicable method for COO determination and risk stratification in DLBCL patients. In the near future, the predictive value of ABC/GCB classification is expected to increase in relation to novel targeted therapeutic regimens. Integration of transcriptomic and genetic data will be essential for independent and individualized risk assessment in the molecular diagnostics of DLBCL.</p>","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"62 1","pages":"43-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147716146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The advantages and limitations of the new FIGO 2023 staging system for endometrial carcinoma from the perspective of the clinician and pathologist.","authors":"Martin Hruda, Radoslav Matěj, Borek Sehnal, Jana Drozenová, Helena Robová, Tomáš Pichlík, Michael J Halaška, Lukáš Rob, Pavel Dundr","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Czech Republic is one of the countries with the highest incidence of endometrial cancer in the world. In June 2023, the Women's Cancer Committee of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) introduced a new staging system for endometrial cancer, FIGO 2023, which replaced the 2009 version. The FIGO 2023 staging system differs significantly from the previous version by incorporating the result of molecular classification of the tumour and some histopathological parameters - histological type of tumour, tumour grade and presence of substantial lymphovascular invasion - into the definitions of stage I and stage II. For stage I and II tumours, specific separate stages are reserved when the molecular profile of POLEmut or TP53mut is detected. Stages III and IV have also been modified, but the result of the molecular classification of the tumour and other histopathological parameters do not influence the staging. However, the molecular classification result should be reported for all stages. These changes have further strengthened the role of the pathologist in staging. The changes, which are partly based on the recommendations of the three European professional societies ESGO/ESTRO/ESP for the diagnosis and treatment of endometrial cancer, better reflect the biological behaviour of the tumour and significantly refine the prognosis of the patient at a given stage. On the other hand, the FIGO 2023 staging system is quite complex and requires expensive tests, which may pose a problem for its routine use in a global context. The implementation of the FIGO 2023 endometrial cancer staging system in daily practice requires the full involvement of all stakeholders.</p>","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"62 1","pages":"35-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147716176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Castleman disease - one name, many faces.","authors":"Kateřina Kamarádová, Václav Stejskal, Dominika Écsiová","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Castleman disease (CD) is a  mesmerising group of disorders mainly affecting lymph nodes sharing some morphological features but with heterogeneous aetiology, clinical presentation and therapeutic approaches. Morphologically, hyaline-vascular (or hypervascular), plasmacytic, and mixed types of changes are distinguished. Confirmation of the diagnosis and subtype of Castleman disease involves meeting or excluding several clinical criteria and therefore requires close cooperation with a clinician. Unicentric Castleman disease involves usually a solitary enlarged lymph node with mild symptoms and excision surgery is often curative. Multicentric forms of Castleman disease affect multiple groups of lymph nodes and are associated with varying degrees of systemic clinical symptoms. Multicentric Castleman disease is either idiopathic or associated with human herpesvirus 8 infection or POEMS syndrome (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M-protein, and skin changes). Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease is further divided into a variant associated with TAFRO syndrome (thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, reticulin fibrosis / renal dysfunction, and organomegaly), idiopathic plasmacytic lymphadenopathy type, and not otherwise specified variant. The treatment of multicentric forms of Castleman disease is complex and depends on etiological factors, including biological therapy, chemotherapy, or interleukin-6 activity inhibition. The aim of this educational text is to present the current view of Castleman disease and provide a comprehensive description of the morphological changes and clinical characteristics of the individual subtypes of Castleman disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"62 1","pages":"17-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147716182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Castleman-Like Lymphadenopathy in a Patient with Mixed Connective Tissue Disease: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.","authors":"Evelina Rogges, Sabrina Pelliccia, Gianluca Lopez, Roberta Soscia, Arianna Di Napoli","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Differentiating reactive lymphadenopathies in the context of autoimmune disease from Idiopathic Multicentric Castleman Disease (iMCD) poses a significant diagnostic challenge. Castleman-like histological features have been described in various autoimmune disorders, necessitating a strict and comprehensive integration of clinical and laboratory findings to reach the correct diagnosis. Although the Castleman Disease Collaborative Network (CDCN) consensus guidelines list several autoimmune conditions as exclusion criteria for an iMCD diagnosis, mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) is not currently among them. We report the case of a  77-year-old woman presenting with fatigue, Raynaud's  phenomenon, sclerodactyly, mild generalized lymphadenopathy, in whom the lymph node biopsy revealed a Castleman-like histology. The absence of systemic inflammatory symptoms and the presence of high-titer anti-U1- RNP antibodies were, however, inconsistent with iMCD, favouring the diagnosis of a reactive Castleman-like lymphadenitis secondary to MCTD. This report highlights that Castleman-like lymphadenopathy can occur in MCTD, closely mimicking iMCD. Therefore, in patients with autoimmune diseases not explicitly listed among the CDCN exclusion criteria, comprehensive clinicopathological integration is essential to avoid misdiagnosis and potentially inappropriate antiIL-6-based therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"62 1","pages":"50-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147716190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atypical Endometriosis - An Overview of the Issue and Personal Experiences.","authors":"Jiří Lenz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endometriosis is a chronic, estrogen-dependent, inflammatory disease characterized by the growth of endometriotic tissue outside the uterus. Among the wide spectrum of clinical manifestations of endometriosis, chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia and subfertility are the main symptoms that significantly reduce the quality of life of affected women. Despite the fact that endometriosis is considered a benign disease, it shares some features typical of malignant tumors. One of them is abnormal morphology, which indicates atypia of the glandular epithelium without signs of hyperplasia, or it may be glandular hyperplasia, which may or may not be accompanied by cellular atypia. This situation is reflected in the term atypical endometriosis, the diagnosis of which is not easy. Cellular atypia of a severe degree can be of reactive origin, so the mutual differentiation of dysplastic and reactive changes in endometriotic tissue is limited and problematic. Our working group from the scientific center for the treatment of endometriosis at the Znojmo Hospital recently dealt with atypical endometriosis and pointed out the potential utility of immunohistochemistry in its diagnosing. Using a simple immunohistochemical panel with antibodies against estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and the tumor suppressor p53, we found significantly lower levels of hormone receptor expression and increased p53 expression in atypical endometriosis compared to normal (typical) endometriosis. Due to the low number of cases analyzed and the inconsistent results of studies dealing with hormone receptors (and other markers) in atypical endometriosis, the usefulness of the immunohistochemical panel described in our study must be verified on a larger number of cases. In routine histopathological practice, atypical endometriosis is not a well-known entity. However, it is important to become familiar with it because its presence is associated with a higher incidence of a certain group of tumors known as endometriosis-associated cancers, especially endometrioid carcinoma and clear cell carcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"60 4","pages":"185-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of Artificial Intelligence Algorithms for the Diagnosis of Breast, Lung, and Prostate Cancer.","authors":"Gabriela Šebestová, Tomáš Klinger, Marián Švajdler, Ondřej Daum, Tomáš Jirásek","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study focuses on the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in the diagnosis of breast, lung, and prostate cancer. It describes the historical development of the digitalization of pathological processes, the implementation of artificial intelligence, and its current applications in pathology. The study emphasizes machine learning, deep learning, computer vision, and digital pathology, which contribute to the automation and refinement of diagnostics. Special attention is given to specific tools such as the uPath systems from Roche and IBEX Medical Analytics, which enable the analysis of histopathological images, tumor cell classification, and biomarker evaluation. The study also highlights the benefits of AI utilization, including increased diagnostic accuracy and efficiency in laboratory processes, while simultaneously addressing the challenges associated with its implementation, such as ethical and legal considerations, data protection, and liability for errors. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential applications of AI in digital pathology and its role in modern oncological diagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"61 2","pages":"70-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144788382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of digital pathology workflow in the anatomic pathology laboratory.","authors":"Ondřej Fabián, Marián Švajdler, Tomáš Jirásek","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The application of digital pathology and artificial intelligence in anatomical pathology represents a revolutionary step towards the modernization of diagnostic processes. Digitalization, primarily based on creation and subsequent use of whole slide imaging, enables generating of full digital images of histological slides, offering potential benefits in diagnostic accuracy and accessibility. Unlike traditional microscopy, digital pathology also facilitates telemedicine and remote consultation, opening new possibilities for collaboration and sharing of expertise at both national and international levels. However, implementing a digital workflow requires substantial investments in scanners, software platforms, high-capacity storage, and IT infrastructure. Despite considerable costs of implementation, it brings numerous advantages, including time savings, opportunities for centralized diagnostics, and a reduction in sample transport costs. This paper focuses on the practical aspects of implementing digital pathology in pathology laboratories, emphasizing the benefits, risks, and technological requirements associated with digitalized workflows. It also discusses crucial roles of validation and verification, which are essential for ensuring a diagnostic accuracy of digital images compared to conventional microscopy. The article presents digital pathology as a dynamically evolving field with high potential for personalized medicine, improved diagnostic accuracy, and support for remote collaboration, addressing the growing demands of modern medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"61 1","pages":"22-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An unusual case of late recurrent adult granulosa cell tumor and mature teratoma arising within the same ovary, confirmed by NGS analysis.","authors":"Adam Šafanda, Nikola Hájková, Jan Galko, Michaela Kendall Bártů, Pavel Dundr, Kristýna Němejcová","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adult granulosa cell tumor is a predominant malignant tumor among ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors, representing approximately 3-5% of all ovarian malignancies and being known for its risk of recurrence with high mortality rate. We present a unique case of a 71-year-old woman with, to our knowledge, the first documented instance of a recurrent AGCT arising concurrently with a mature ovarian teratoma, confirmed through both immunohistochemistry and molecular biological analysis. The tumor in both the primary and recurrent lesion harbored a missense FOXL2 mutation typical for adult granulosa cell tumor. TP53, TSC2 and RB1 mutations were present only in the recurrent tumor, indicating secondary mutations acquired during progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"61 4","pages":"206-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146197093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}