Ceskoslovenska patologie最新文献

Atypical Endometriosis - An Overview of the Issue and Personal Experiences. 非典型子宫内膜异位症-问题和个人经验的概述。

Ceskoslovenska patologie Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Jiří Lenz

{"title":"Atypical Endometriosis - An Overview of the Issue and Personal Experiences.","authors":"Jiří Lenz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Endometriosis is a chronic, estrogen-dependent, inflammatory disease characterized by the growth of endometriotic tissue outside the uterus. Among the wide spectrum of clinical manifestations of endometriosis, chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia and subfertility are the main symptoms that significantly reduce the quality of life of affected women. Despite the fact that endometriosis is considered a benign disease, it shares some features typical of malignant tumors. One of them is abnormal morphology, which indicates atypia of the glandular epithelium without signs of hyperplasia, or it may be glandular hyperplasia, which may or may not be accompanied by cellular atypia. This situation is reflected in the term atypical endometriosis, the diagnosis of which is not easy. Cellular atypia of a severe degree can be of reactive origin, so the mutual differentiation of dysplastic and reactive changes in endometriotic tissue is limited and problematic. Our working group from the scientific center for the treatment of endometriosis at the Znojmo Hospital recently dealt with atypical endometriosis and pointed out the potential utility of immunohistochemistry in its diagnosing. Using a simple immunohistochemical panel with antibodies against estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and the tumor suppressor p53, we found significantly lower levels of hormone receptor expression and increased p53 expression in atypical endometriosis compared to normal (typical) endometriosis. Due to the low number of cases analyzed and the inconsistent results of studies dealing with hormone receptors (and other markers) in atypical endometriosis, the usefulness of the immunohistochemical panel described in our study must be verified on a larger number of cases. In routine histopathological practice, atypical endometriosis is not a well-known entity. However, it is important to become familiar with it because its presence is associated with a higher incidence of a certain group of tumors known as endometriosis-associated cancers, especially endometrioid carcinoma and clear cell carcinoma.","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"60 4","pages":"185-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integration of digital pathology workflow in the anatomic pathology laboratory. 数字化病理工作流程在解剖病理实验室的整合。

Ceskoslovenska patologie Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Ondřej Fabián, Marián Švajdler, Tomáš Jirásek

{"title":"Integration of digital pathology workflow in the anatomic pathology laboratory.","authors":"Ondřej Fabián, Marián Švajdler, Tomáš Jirásek","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The application of digital pathology and artificial intelligence in anatomical pathology represents a revolutionary step towards the modernization of diagnostic processes. Digitalization, primarily based on creation and subsequent use of whole slide imaging, enables generating of full digital images of histological slides, offering potential benefits in diagnostic accuracy and accessibility. Unlike traditional microscopy, digital pathology also facilitates telemedicine and remote consultation, opening new possibilities for collaboration and sharing of expertise at both national and international levels. However, implementing a digital workflow requires substantial investments in scanners, software platforms, high-capacity storage, and IT infrastructure. Despite considerable costs of implementation, it brings numerous advantages, including time savings, opportunities for centralized diagnostics, and a reduction in sample transport costs. This paper focuses on the practical aspects of implementing digital pathology in pathology laboratories, emphasizing the benefits, risks, and technological requirements associated with digitalized workflows. It also discusses crucial roles of validation and verification, which are essential for ensuring a diagnostic accuracy of digital images compared to conventional microscopy. The article presents digital pathology as a dynamically evolving field with high potential for personalized medicine, improved diagnostic accuracy, and support for remote collaboration, addressing the growing demands of modern medicine.","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"61 1","pages":"22-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Utilization of Artificial Intelligence Algorithms for the Diagnosis of Breast, Lung, and Prostate Cancer. 人工智能算法在乳腺癌、肺癌和前列腺癌诊断中的应用。

Ceskoslovenska patologie Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Gabriela Šebestová, Tomáš Klinger, Marián Švajdler, Ondřej Daum, Tomáš Jirásek

{"title":"Utilization of Artificial Intelligence Algorithms for the Diagnosis of Breast, Lung, and Prostate Cancer.","authors":"Gabriela Šebestová, Tomáš Klinger, Marián Švajdler, Ondřej Daum, Tomáš Jirásek","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The study focuses on the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in the diagnosis of breast, lung, and prostate cancer. It describes the historical development of the digitalization of pathological processes, the implementation of artificial intelligence, and its current applications in pathology. The study emphasizes machine learning, deep learning, computer vision, and digital pathology, which contribute to the automation and refinement of diagnostics. Special attention is given to specific tools such as the uPath systems from Roche and IBEX Medical Analytics, which enable the analysis of histopathological images, tumor cell classification, and biomarker evaluation. The study also highlights the benefits of AI utilization, including increased diagnostic accuracy and efficiency in laboratory processes, while simultaneously addressing the challenges associated with its implementation, such as ethical and legal considerations, data protection, and liability for errors. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential applications of AI in digital pathology and its role in modern oncological diagnostics.","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"61 2","pages":"70-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144788382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molecular detection of infectious agents in the pathology laboratory. 病理实验室中感染因子的分子检测。

Ceskoslovenska patologie Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Kateřina Černá, Radek Šíma, Jana Němcová

引用次数: 0

Machine learning in digital pathology. 数字病理学中的机器学习。

Ceskoslovenska patologie Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Tomáš Brázdil, Vít Musil, Karel Štěpka, Adam Kukučka, Rudolf Nenutil, Adam Bajger, Petr Holub

{"title":"Machine learning in digital pathology.","authors":"Tomáš Brázdil, Vít Musil, Karel Štěpka, Adam Kukučka, Rudolf Nenutil, Adam Bajger, Petr Holub","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"With the advancing digitalization of pathology, the application of machine learning and artificial intelligence methods is becoming increasingly important. Research and development in this field are progressing rapidly, but the clinical implementation of learning systems still lags behind. The aim of this text is to provide an overview of the process of developing and deploying learning systems in digital pathology. We begin by describing the fundamental characteristics of data produced in digital pathology. Specifically, we discuss scanners and sample scanning, data storage and transmission, quality control, and preparation for processing by learning systems, with a particular focus on annotations. Our goal is to present current approaches to addressing technical challenges while also highlighting potential pitfalls in processing digital pathology data. In the first part of the text, we also outline existing software solutions for viewing scanned samples and implementing diagnostic procedures that incorporate learning systems. In the second part of the text, we describe common tasks in digital pathology and outline typical approaches to solving them. Here, we explain the necessary modifications to standard machine learning methods for processing large scans and discuss specific diagnostic applications. Finally, we provide a brief overview of the potential future development of learning systems in digital pathology. We illustrate the transition to large foundational models and introduce the topic of virtual staining of samples. We hope that this text will contribute to a better understanding of the rapidly evolving field of machine learning in digital pathology and, in turn, facilitate the faster adoption of learning-based methods in this domain.","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"61 2","pages":"58-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144788381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The way to the diagnosis of alveolar proteinosis: what is decisive? 肺泡蛋白沉积症的诊断方法：什么是决定性的？

Ceskoslovenska patologie Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Mária Makovická, Adela Vrbenská, Brigita Javorská, Barbora Durcová, Peter Makovický, Jozef Škarda, Jozef Muri

{"title":"The way to the diagnosis of alveolar proteinosis: what is decisive?","authors":"Mária Makovická, Adela Vrbenská, Brigita Javorská, Barbora Durcová, Peter Makovický, Jozef Škarda, Jozef Muri","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we describe the course and diagnosis of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) based on two cases from our practice. The first case is a 52-yearold woman, the second a 34-year-old man. Both referred patients were examined by a pulmonologist for interstitial lung disease, in the first case also with transition to pulmonary fibrosis. As part of the differential diagnosis, these patients were hospitalized at the NÚTPCHaHCH in Vyšné Hágy. Chest X-ray showed diffuse bilateral lung infiltrates, in the first patient locally confluent. Chest CT showed parenchymal involvement of the lungs with bilateral ground-glass opacities with thickened interlobular septa (crazy paving). Bronchoscopic examination was performed in both patients with bronchoalveolar lavage, which had a characteristic milky-glazed appearance. Videothoracoscopic lung biopsy was additionally indicated and histopathologically there were pulmonary alveolar proteinosis confirmed. Therapeutically, the patients underwent large volume lung lavage, with clinical condition improvement, including radiological findings improvement. We point out the basic pillars of the diagnosis of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, which are the pattern of pulmonary involvement in the radiographic and CT (or HRCT) images, the characteristic appearance of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and additionally also the histopathologic pattern of pulmonary involvement in this disease. We emphasize the need for centralized management of patients with lung diseases, which is particularly urgent in cases of rare diseases, where it provides rapid availability of all relevant diagnostic and therapeutic options, including large-volume lung lavage.","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"61 1","pages":"36-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diagnostic Benefits and Potential Applications of Micro-Computed Tomography in the Histopathological Analysis of Biopsy Samples. 显微计算机断层扫描在活检样本组织病理学分析中的诊断益处和潜在应用。

Ceskoslovenska patologie Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Ondřej Fabián, Jakub Lázňovský, Andrea Vajsová, Tomáš Zikmund

{"title":"Diagnostic Benefits and Potential Applications of Micro-Computed Tomography in the Histopathological Analysis of Biopsy Samples.","authors":"Ondřej Fabián, Jakub Lázňovský, Andrea Vajsová, Tomáš Zikmund","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"X-ray microtomography (microCT) represents a modern high-resolution imaging technology enabling detailed analysis of the tissue. It offers a unique perspective on three-dimensional architecture, bridging the gap between macroscopic and histological imaging. In anatomical pathology, microCT is particularly utilized for morphometric tumor analysis, evaluation of surgical specimen resection margins, and detection of metastases in lymph nodes. The combination of microCT with traditional histopathological techniques, and with digital 3D reconstructions, opens new avenues for analyzing complex pathological processes. Although this method is currently used in research, its clinical potential is significant. Key advantages include non-invasive imaging and the ability to be integrated with digital pathology and artificial intelligence tools. Current limitations include the need for sample contrast enhancement, the monochromatic nature of the images, and high radiation exposure. Advances in technological development, however, may overcome these barriers and enable the broader adoption of microCT in routine clinical diagnostics. This article explores the diagnostic potential of microCT in pathology, highlighting its applications, advantages, and limitations, while offering insights into current capabilities and future perspectives of this technology.","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"61 1","pages":"29-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Variability of antibody clones against alpha-synuclein and their use in the detection of Lewy pathology. 抗α -突触核蛋白抗体克隆的变异及其在路易病理检测中的应用。

Ceskoslovenska patologie Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Dominik Hraboš, Satomi Hasegawa, Lucie Tučková, Kateřina Menšíková

引用次数: 0

16S, 18S gene, and ITS region Sequencing: Expanded Applications in Pathology Diagnostics and Research. 16S， 18S基因和ITS区域测序：在病理诊断和研究中的扩展应用。

Ceskoslovenska patologie Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Veronika Prousková, Iva Dolinová, Kateřina Štillerová, Tomáš Klinger, Tomáš Jirásek

引用次数: 0

Disseminated HSV1 infection in a newborn - case report. 1例新生儿播散性单纯疱疹病毒感染报告。

Ceskoslovenska patologie Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Magdaléna Daumová, Jiřina Herlíková, Jiří Fremuth, Lumír Šašek, Martin Matas, Šárka Hadravská

引用次数: 0