Ceskoslovenska patologie最新文献

Atypical Endometriosis - An Overview of the Issue and Personal Experiences. 非典型子宫内膜异位症-问题和个人经验的概述。

Ceskoslovenska patologie Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Jiří Lenz

{"title":"Atypical Endometriosis - An Overview of the Issue and Personal Experiences.","authors":"Jiří Lenz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Endometriosis is a chronic, estrogen-dependent, inflammatory disease characterized by the growth of endometriotic tissue outside the uterus. Among the wide spectrum of clinical manifestations of endometriosis, chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia and subfertility are the main symptoms that significantly reduce the quality of life of affected women. Despite the fact that endometriosis is considered a benign disease, it shares some features typical of malignant tumors. One of them is abnormal morphology, which indicates atypia of the glandular epithelium without signs of hyperplasia, or it may be glandular hyperplasia, which may or may not be accompanied by cellular atypia. This situation is reflected in the term atypical endometriosis, the diagnosis of which is not easy. Cellular atypia of a severe degree can be of reactive origin, so the mutual differentiation of dysplastic and reactive changes in endometriotic tissue is limited and problematic. Our working group from the scientific center for the treatment of endometriosis at the Znojmo Hospital recently dealt with atypical endometriosis and pointed out the potential utility of immunohistochemistry in its diagnosing. Using a simple immunohistochemical panel with antibodies against estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and the tumor suppressor p53, we found significantly lower levels of hormone receptor expression and increased p53 expression in atypical endometriosis compared to normal (typical) endometriosis. Due to the low number of cases analyzed and the inconsistent results of studies dealing with hormone receptors (and other markers) in atypical endometriosis, the usefulness of the immunohistochemical panel described in our study must be verified on a larger number of cases. In routine histopathological practice, atypical endometriosis is not a well-known entity. However, it is important to become familiar with it because its presence is associated with a higher incidence of a certain group of tumors known as endometriosis-associated cancers, especially endometrioid carcinoma and clear cell carcinoma.","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"60 4","pages":"185-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integration of digital pathology workflow in the anatomic pathology laboratory. 数字化病理工作流程在解剖病理实验室的整合。

Ceskoslovenska patologie Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Ondřej Fabián, Marián Švajdler, Tomáš Jirásek

{"title":"Integration of digital pathology workflow in the anatomic pathology laboratory.","authors":"Ondřej Fabián, Marián Švajdler, Tomáš Jirásek","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The application of digital pathology and artificial intelligence in anatomical pathology represents a revolutionary step towards the modernization of diagnostic processes. Digitalization, primarily based on creation and subsequent use of whole slide imaging, enables generating of full digital images of histological slides, offering potential benefits in diagnostic accuracy and accessibility. Unlike traditional microscopy, digital pathology also facilitates telemedicine and remote consultation, opening new possibilities for collaboration and sharing of expertise at both national and international levels. However, implementing a digital workflow requires substantial investments in scanners, software platforms, high-capacity storage, and IT infrastructure. Despite considerable costs of implementation, it brings numerous advantages, including time savings, opportunities for centralized diagnostics, and a reduction in sample transport costs. This paper focuses on the practical aspects of implementing digital pathology in pathology laboratories, emphasizing the benefits, risks, and technological requirements associated with digitalized workflows. It also discusses crucial roles of validation and verification, which are essential for ensuring a diagnostic accuracy of digital images compared to conventional microscopy. The article presents digital pathology as a dynamically evolving field with high potential for personalized medicine, improved diagnostic accuracy, and support for remote collaboration, addressing the growing demands of modern medicine.","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"61 1","pages":"22-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molecular detection of infectious agents in the pathology laboratory. 病理实验室中感染因子的分子检测。

Ceskoslovenska patologie Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Kateřina Černá, Radek Šíma, Jana Němcová

引用次数: 0

The way to the diagnosis of alveolar proteinosis: what is decisive? 肺泡蛋白沉积症的诊断方法：什么是决定性的？

Ceskoslovenska patologie Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Mária Makovická, Adela Vrbenská, Brigita Javorská, Barbora Durcová, Peter Makovický, Jozef Škarda, Jozef Muri

{"title":"The way to the diagnosis of alveolar proteinosis: what is decisive?","authors":"Mária Makovická, Adela Vrbenská, Brigita Javorská, Barbora Durcová, Peter Makovický, Jozef Škarda, Jozef Muri","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we describe the course and diagnosis of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) based on two cases from our practice. The first case is a 52-yearold woman, the second a 34-year-old man. Both referred patients were examined by a pulmonologist for interstitial lung disease, in the first case also with transition to pulmonary fibrosis. As part of the differential diagnosis, these patients were hospitalized at the NÚTPCHaHCH in Vyšné Hágy. Chest X-ray showed diffuse bilateral lung infiltrates, in the first patient locally confluent. Chest CT showed parenchymal involvement of the lungs with bilateral ground-glass opacities with thickened interlobular septa (crazy paving). Bronchoscopic examination was performed in both patients with bronchoalveolar lavage, which had a characteristic milky-glazed appearance. Videothoracoscopic lung biopsy was additionally indicated and histopathologically there were pulmonary alveolar proteinosis confirmed. Therapeutically, the patients underwent large volume lung lavage, with clinical condition improvement, including radiological findings improvement. We point out the basic pillars of the diagnosis of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, which are the pattern of pulmonary involvement in the radiographic and CT (or HRCT) images, the characteristic appearance of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and additionally also the histopathologic pattern of pulmonary involvement in this disease. We emphasize the need for centralized management of patients with lung diseases, which is particularly urgent in cases of rare diseases, where it provides rapid availability of all relevant diagnostic and therapeutic options, including large-volume lung lavage.","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"61 1","pages":"36-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diagnostic Benefits and Potential Applications of Micro-Computed Tomography in the Histopathological Analysis of Biopsy Samples. 显微计算机断层扫描在活检样本组织病理学分析中的诊断益处和潜在应用。

Ceskoslovenska patologie Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Ondřej Fabián, Jakub Lázňovský, Andrea Vajsová, Tomáš Zikmund

{"title":"Diagnostic Benefits and Potential Applications of Micro-Computed Tomography in the Histopathological Analysis of Biopsy Samples.","authors":"Ondřej Fabián, Jakub Lázňovský, Andrea Vajsová, Tomáš Zikmund","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"X-ray microtomography (microCT) represents a modern high-resolution imaging technology enabling detailed analysis of the tissue. It offers a unique perspective on three-dimensional architecture, bridging the gap between macroscopic and histological imaging. In anatomical pathology, microCT is particularly utilized for morphometric tumor analysis, evaluation of surgical specimen resection margins, and detection of metastases in lymph nodes. The combination of microCT with traditional histopathological techniques, and with digital 3D reconstructions, opens new avenues for analyzing complex pathological processes. Although this method is currently used in research, its clinical potential is significant. Key advantages include non-invasive imaging and the ability to be integrated with digital pathology and artificial intelligence tools. Current limitations include the need for sample contrast enhancement, the monochromatic nature of the images, and high radiation exposure. Advances in technological development, however, may overcome these barriers and enable the broader adoption of microCT in routine clinical diagnostics. This article explores the diagnostic potential of microCT in pathology, highlighting its applications, advantages, and limitations, while offering insights into current capabilities and future perspectives of this technology.","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"61 1","pages":"29-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Introduction to Machine Learning for Pathologists. 病理学家机器学习导论。

Ceskoslovenska patologie Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Tomáš Brázdil, Adam Kukučka, Vít Musil, Rudolf Nenutil, Petr Holub

{"title":"Introduction to Machine Learning for Pathologists.","authors":"Tomáš Brázdil, Adam Kukučka, Vít Musil, Rudolf Nenutil, Petr Holub","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Digitalization has gradually made its way into many areas of medicine, including pathology. Along with digital data processing comes the application of artificial intelligence methods to simplify routine processes, enhance safety, etc. Although general awareness of artificial intelligence methods is increasing, it is still not common for professionals from non-technical fields to have a detailed understanding of how such systems work and learn. This text aims to explain the basics of machine learning in an accessible way using examples and illustrations from digital pathology. This is not intended to be a comprehensive overview or an introduction to cutting-edge methods. Instead, we use the simplest models to focus on fundamental concepts behind most learning systems. The text concentrates on decision trees, whose functionality is easy to explain, and basic neural networks, the primary models used in today's artificial intelligence. We also attempt to describe the collaborative process between medical specialists, who provide the data, and computer scientists, who use this data to develop learning systems. This text will help bridge the knowledge gap between medical professionals and computer scientists, contributing to more effective interdisciplinary collaboration.","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"61 1","pages":"11-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

16S, 18S gene, and ITS region Sequencing: Expanded Applications in Pathology Diagnostics and Research. 16S， 18S基因和ITS区域测序：在病理诊断和研究中的扩展应用。

Ceskoslovenska patologie Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Veronika Prousková, Iva Dolinová, Kateřina Štillerová, Tomáš Klinger, Tomáš Jirásek

引用次数: 0

Disseminated HSV1 infection in a newborn - case report. 1例新生儿播散性单纯疱疹病毒感染报告。

Ceskoslovenska patologie Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Magdaléna Daumová, Jiřina Herlíková, Jiří Fremuth, Lumír Šašek, Martin Matas, Šárka Hadravská

引用次数: 0

Solitary fibrous tumor of thyroid: Case report. 甲状腺单发纤维瘤：病例报告

Ceskoslovenska patologie Pub Date : 2024-01-01

Jiří Dušek

{"title":"Solitary fibrous tumor of thyroid: Case report.","authors":"Jiří Dušek","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Solitary fibrous tumour is a relatively rare soft tissue fibroblastic tumour, accounting for approximately 2% of soft tissue tumours. It has been described primarily as a tumour of the pleural cavity; however, up to 70% of cases occur elsewhere, in any anatomical location, which can make diagnosis difficult. If this is the diagnosis being considered, the STAT6 antibody is currently available with high sensitivity and specificity. In this paper we describe the case of a 72-year-old female patient, followed up and treated by an outpatient endocrinologist for a multinodular euthyroid goitre for several years. Due to complete nodular remodelling of the left lobe of the thyroid gland and sonographic findings of several small nodules in the right lobe of the thyroid gland, total thyroidectomy was recommended to the patient. The operation was performed at the ENT department in Jindřichův Hradec Hospital. Material from the operation was subsequently sent for histopathological examination. Several hyperplastic colloid nodules and a small oncocytic adenoma were detected microscopically in the right lobe of the thyroid gland. In the left lobe, an imprecisely delineated, greyish-white lesion measuring 2 x 1.8 x 1.5 cm was observed on the section. Microscopically, the tumour consisted of spindle-shaped cells in a focally hyalinised stroma. In the immunohistochemical examination, tumour cells reacted positively with the CD34 antibody, and negatively with antibodies against thyroglobulin, cytokeratins (CK AE1/AE3) and S100 protein. Further immunohistochemical examinations (Bcl2, CD99, STAT6) with positive results were supplemented upon consultation at a higher facility. Based on morphology and the results of the immunohistochemical examinations, the tumour was diagnosed as a solitary fibrous tumour of the thyroid gland. This is a relatively unusual finding in this location; according to literature, only a few dozen cases have been described.","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"60 2","pages":"120-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141975187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Histopathology of skin melanocytic lesions. 皮肤黑色素细胞病变的组织病理学。

Ceskoslovenska patologie Pub Date : 2024-01-01

Lumír Pock, Alena Skálová

引用次数: 0