Ceskoslovenska patologie最新文献

{"title":"Gene Fusions in Differential Diagnosis of Salivary Gland Neoplasms: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Inka Kovářová, Martina Bradová, Jan Laco, Bacem Othman, Elaheh Mosaieby, Alena Skálová","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salivary gland tumors represent a  rare and morphologically heterogeneous group of neoplasms, which represents a  significant diagnostic challenge for histopathologists. Diagnosis is based primarily on morphological evaluation, but immunohistochemical methods are often a necessary complementary tool. However, due to immunophenotype overlap between different tumor entities, even immunohistochemistry may not always allow an unambiguous diagnosis. In recent years, characteristic genomic alterations, particularly gene fusions, have been identified in a number of salivary gland tumors. These alterations are tightly tumor type specific, and their detection may be crucial in diagnostically difficult cases. In addition, selected genetic changes may have prognostic and/ or potential therapeutic significance in the era of personalized medicine. The aim of this review article is to summarize current knowledge in this area.</p>","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"62 2","pages":"106-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148497263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatal injuries in children during recreational skiing: two case reports and multidisciplinary context.","authors":"Jakub Bízik, František Štuller, Roman Hai, Richard Sivulič, Martin Janík, Ubomír Straka","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Winter sports such as skiing, snowboarding, and sledding rank among the most popular recreational activities in developed countries, yet they also represent a  significant source of traumatic injuries, including fatal cases. The combination of high speeds, altered stability, hard surfaces, the movement of other participants, and the presence of mechanized equipment on slopes creates a  high-risk environment for injuries. Despite technological advancements in protective gear, the incidence of severe injuries remains alarmingly high, with head and spinal injuries predominating in terms of severity. The article analyzes two case reports of fatal injuries in minor individuals (aged 8 and 9) during recreational skiing. Although the injury mechanisms differed, both cases share a common factor - non-adherence to the principles of safe conduct on ski slopes. The study emphasizes the importance of continuous education, the individual responsibility of each slope participant, the selection of appropriate safety equipment, and adherence to safe conduct rules. A multidisciplinary analysis of these tragic events underscores the need for intensive prevention, interdisciplinary cooperation, and awareness-raising activities aimed at minimizing risks not only in children's but also in adult skiing.</p>","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"71 2","pages":"16-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148497369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lymphocytic Myocarditis - A New Histopathological Definition and Classification for Endomyocardial Biopsies, Surgical and Autopsy Specimens (\"Seaport Criteria\").","authors":"Václav Stejskal, Jakub Šagát, Tereza Sokolová","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lymphocytic myocarditis is the most common form of inflammatory myocardial disease. However, its histopathological diagnosis has been burdened by considerable subjectivity until recently. In 2025, the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology (SCVP) and the Association for European Cardiovascular Pathology (AECVP) published a two-part document entitled the \"Seaport Criteria,\" which introduces new diagnostic approaches for endomyocardial biopsies and nonbiopsy specimens - surgical and autopsy material. This article summarizes the key elements of these documents, including practical recommendations for routine histopathological diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"62 2","pages":"120-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148497306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The most important news in head and neck pathology published since the release of the 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Head and Neck Tumors.","authors":"Jan Laco, Martina Bradová, Alena Skálová","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The review article describes the most important news in head and neck pathology, that were published in the period 2021-2025, and that are only marginally mentioned or not mentioned at all in the WHO Classification of Head and Neck Tumors 2024, the 5th edition. The article focuses solely on the pathology of the salivary glands and sinonasal tract and deals only with malignant tumors. Regarding salivary gland pathology; palisading adenocarcinoma, microcribriform adenocarcinoma, mucoacinar carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma devoid of morphologically distinct squamous cell differentiation, metatypical adenoid cystic carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma with striking tubular hypereosinophilia, and new proposals for a  grading system for acinic cell carcinoma and secretory carcinoma are discussed. Regarding pathology of the sinonasal tract; olfactory carcinoma and IDH2-mutated sinonasal carcinoma are mentioned.</p>","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"62 2","pages":"96-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148497328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of Artificial Intelligence Algorithms for the Diagnosis of Breast, Lung, and Prostate Cancer.","authors":"Gabriela Šebestová, Tomáš Klinger, Marián Švajdler, Ondřej Daum, Tomáš Jirásek","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study focuses on the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in the diagnosis of breast, lung, and prostate cancer. It describes the historical development of the digitalization of pathological processes, the implementation of artificial intelligence, and its current applications in pathology. The study emphasizes machine learning, deep learning, computer vision, and digital pathology, which contribute to the automation and refinement of diagnostics. Special attention is given to specific tools such as the uPath systems from Roche and IBEX Medical Analytics, which enable the analysis of histopathological images, tumor cell classification, and biomarker evaluation. The study also highlights the benefits of AI utilization, including increased diagnostic accuracy and efficiency in laboratory processes, while simultaneously addressing the challenges associated with its implementation, such as ethical and legal considerations, data protection, and liability for errors. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential applications of AI in digital pathology and its role in modern oncological diagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"61 2","pages":"70-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144788382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of digital pathology workflow in the anatomic pathology laboratory.","authors":"Ondřej Fabián, Marián Švajdler, Tomáš Jirásek","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The application of digital pathology and artificial intelligence in anatomical pathology represents a revolutionary step towards the modernization of diagnostic processes. Digitalization, primarily based on creation and subsequent use of whole slide imaging, enables generating of full digital images of histological slides, offering potential benefits in diagnostic accuracy and accessibility. Unlike traditional microscopy, digital pathology also facilitates telemedicine and remote consultation, opening new possibilities for collaboration and sharing of expertise at both national and international levels. However, implementing a digital workflow requires substantial investments in scanners, software platforms, high-capacity storage, and IT infrastructure. Despite considerable costs of implementation, it brings numerous advantages, including time savings, opportunities for centralized diagnostics, and a reduction in sample transport costs. This paper focuses on the practical aspects of implementing digital pathology in pathology laboratories, emphasizing the benefits, risks, and technological requirements associated with digitalized workflows. It also discusses crucial roles of validation and verification, which are essential for ensuring a diagnostic accuracy of digital images compared to conventional microscopy. The article presents digital pathology as a dynamically evolving field with high potential for personalized medicine, improved diagnostic accuracy, and support for remote collaboration, addressing the growing demands of modern medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"61 1","pages":"22-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An unusual case of late recurrent adult granulosa cell tumor and mature teratoma arising within the same ovary, confirmed by NGS analysis.","authors":"Adam Šafanda, Nikola Hájková, Jan Galko, Michaela Kendall Bártů, Pavel Dundr, Kristýna Němejcová","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adult granulosa cell tumor is a predominant malignant tumor among ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors, representing approximately 3-5% of all ovarian malignancies and being known for its risk of recurrence with high mortality rate. We present a unique case of a 71-year-old woman with, to our knowledge, the first documented instance of a recurrent AGCT arising concurrently with a mature ovarian teratoma, confirmed through both immunohistochemistry and molecular biological analysis. The tumor in both the primary and recurrent lesion harbored a missense FOXL2 mutation typical for adult granulosa cell tumor. TP53, TSC2 and RB1 mutations were present only in the recurrent tumor, indicating secondary mutations acquired during progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"61 4","pages":"206-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146197093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Death of a Pilot in an Aircraft Accident with a Significant Toxicological Finding - A Case Report.","authors":"Miloš Sokol, Miroslava Bursová, Vladimír Plos","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article is focused on the case of the death of a 75-year-old sport pilot who died when a small sport plane crashed into a hangar building. In the autopsy and subsequent toxicological analysis, the presence of cocaine and its metabolites, morphine and oxycodone, was found in the biological material collected. Based on the significant findings during the autopsy, further investigation was conducted and medical reports were submitted with information indicating changes in health for which the deceased pilot was taking opioid analgesics. Furthermore, the authors present the history of drug abuse in aviation abroad and from the experience of aviation accident investigations within the Czech Republic.</p>","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"70 3","pages":"18-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145306957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cholangiopathies from a Pathologist's Perspective: The Role of Liver Biopsy in Routine Diagnostic Practice.","authors":"Ivana Jusková, Andrea Vajsová, Ondřej Fabián, Eva Sticová","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The biliary tree comprises a three-dimensional network of intrahepatic and extrahepatic ducts lined by biliary epithelium (cholangiocytes). The bile ducts and cholangiocytes may be affected by a broad spectrum of disorders collectively referred to as cholangiopathies. These conditions are classified based on anatomical aspects (predominantly affecting small or large bile ducts), aetiopathogenesis (immune-mediated, toxic and drug-induced, ischaemic, infectious, genetically determined, or neoplastic), and the predominant morphological pattern of injury (inflammatory or non-inflammatory). While abnormalities in medium-sized and large bile ducts are typically detected using radiological methods, the diagnosis of small duct cholangiopathies continues to rely primarily on histopathological evaluation of liver tissue. This review summarises the key morphological features of the most clinically significant cholangiopathies, focusing on histopathological changes observed in liver biopsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"61 3","pages":"118-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145307001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective analysis of seasonal and circadian influences on acute changes in atherosclerotic plaques in cases of fatal coronary atherosclerosis.","authors":"Šimon Kulaxidis, Štěpánka Pohlová Kučerová, Lenka Zátopková, Petr Hejna","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sudden cardiac death due to coronary atherosclerosis remains the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in the adult population. Cases of sudden death from cardiovascular causes are the most common part of autopsy forensic practice.</p><p><strong>Material and methodology: </strong>The study included 90 cases of sudden cardiac death caused by acute changes in atherosclerotic plaques, which were retrospectively analyzed with a focus on age, sex, seasonal and circadian influences, risk factors for atherosclerosis, type and location of coronary artery occlusion and the presence of external toxicological substances.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The group consisted of 63 men (70.0%) and 27 women (30.0%). The average age of the deceased was 70.1 years. Most deaths occurred in the afternoon and evening hours (39.8% in total), and the least surprisingly in the morning hours (8.9%). The most common days of death were Thursday and Friday (37.8% in total). In terms of seasons, the most deaths occurred in the winter months (34.4%). In men, the accumulation of multiple risk factors was evident - 81.0% of men had 4 or more risk factors for atherosclerosis. In women, only 40.7% of women achieved the accumulation of 4 or more risk factors. Coronary artery thrombosis was detected in 55 cases (61.1%), other forms of significant coronary artery occlusion was found in a total of 35 people (38.9%). In terms of localization of the occlusion, the anterior interventricular branch (RIVA) of the left coronary artery was most often affected in both sexes, in a total of 67 people (74.4%). The most common phenomenon was the simultaneous involvement of two coronary arteries (36.7% of cases).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The authors analysed the morphological findings on the coronary arteries in cases of fatal coronary atherosclerosis with special focus on acute changes in atherosclerotic plaques, anamnestic data of the deceased with an emphasis on risk factors for atherosclerosis, and circadian and seasonal influences on the incidence of fatal coronary atherosclerosis. The study confirmed an increased incidence of acute coronary events in the winter period, on working days and in the home in both sexes. An important accompanying phenomenon was the accumulation of risk factors, especially in men. Another follow-up and larger study will be suitable for an exact evaluation of the identified phenomena.</p>","PeriodicalId":9861,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska patologie","volume":"70 3","pages":"22-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145306944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}