Chinese Journal of Catalysis最新文献

{"title":"Ultrathin two-dimensional electrocatalysts: Structure-property relationships, mechanistic insights, and applications in water electrolysis","authors":"Lina Wang ,&nbsp;Muhan Na ,&nbsp;Ruofei Du ,&nbsp;Xiujin Wang ,&nbsp;Boyang Yu ,&nbsp;Lan Yang ,&nbsp;Hui Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaoxin Zou","doi":"10.1016/S1872-2067(25)64783-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-2067(25)64783-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pursuit of sustainable hydrogen production has positioned water electrolysis as a cornerstone technology for global carbon neutrality. However, sluggish kinetics, catalyst scarcity, and system integration challenges hinder its widespread deployment. Ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) materials, with their atomically exposed surfaces, tunable electronic structures, and defect-engineering capabilities, present unique opportunities for next-generation electrocatalysts. This review provides an integrated overview of ultrathin 2D electrocatalysts, discussing their structural diversity, synthetic routes, structure-activity relationships, and mechanistic understanding in water electrolysis processes. Special focus is placed on the translation of 2D materials from laboratory research to practical device implementation, emphasizing challenges such as scalable fabrication, interfacial engineering, and operational durability in realistic electrolyzer environments. The role of advanced characterization techniques in capturing dynamic structural changes and active site evolution is discussed. Finally, we outline future research directions, emphasizing the synergy of machine learning-driven materials discovery, advanced operando characterization, and scalable system integration to accelerate the industrial translation of 2D electrocatalysts for green hydrogen production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9832,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Catalysis","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 4-19"},"PeriodicalIF":17.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The strong Pt-N3O coordination in graphene nanosheets accelerates the 4e− electrocatalytic oxygen reduction process","authors":"Xinqi Wang ,&nbsp;Xueyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Menggai Jiao ,&nbsp;Runlin Ma ,&nbsp;Fang Xie ,&nbsp;Hao Wan ,&nbsp;Xiangjian Shen ,&nbsp;Li-Li Zhang ,&nbsp;Wei Ma ,&nbsp;Zhen Zhou","doi":"10.1016/S1872-2067(25)64768-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-2067(25)64768-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Single-metal sites anchored in nitrogen-doped nanocarbons are recognized as potent electrocatalysts for applications in energy conversion and storage. Here, an innovative inorganic salt-mediated secondary calcination strategy was developed to construct robust Pt single-atom catalysts on nitrogen- and oxygen-doped graphene nanosheets (Pt-N/O-GNs), thereby significantly enhancing the efficiency of the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The ultrathin N/O-GNs, obtained by stripping Zn-ZIF with auxiliaries of KCl and LiCl, provide stable anchoring sites for highly exposed Pt-N₃O active structures. The Pt-N/O-GNs catalyst, featuring a low Pt loading of 0.44 wt%, demonstrates exceptional mass activity in the ORR process. It attains an impressive onset potential of 0.99 V and a half-wave potential of 0.88 V. The zinc-air battery driven by the Pt-N/O-GNs displays superior power density and cycle stability. Theoretical computational studies reveal that the structure of heteroatoms doped in few-layer graphene facilitates the stable anchoring of single-atom configurations. The findings provide new perspectives for the tailored design and fabrication of single-metal-site electrocatalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9832,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Catalysis","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 227-235"},"PeriodicalIF":17.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145061245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational insights and strategic choices of nitrate and nitric oxide electroreduction to ammonia","authors":"Pu Guo ,&nbsp;Shaoxue Yang ,&nbsp;Huijuan Jing ,&nbsp;Dong Luan ,&nbsp;Jun Long ,&nbsp;Jianping Xiao","doi":"10.1016/S1872-2067(25)64776-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-2067(25)64776-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrochemical nitrate reduction (eNO₃RR) and nitric oxide reduction (eNORR) to ammonia have emerged as promising and sustainable alternatives to the traditional Haber-Bosch method for ammonia production, particularly within the recently proposed reverse artificial nitrogen cycle route: N₂ → NO_<em>x</em> → NH₃. Notably, experimental studies have demonstrated that eNORR exhibits superior performance over eNO₃RR on Cu₆Sn₅ catalysts. However, the fundamental mechanisms underlying this difference remain poorly understood. Herein, we performed systematic theoretical calculations to explore the reaction pathways, electronic structure effects, and potential-dependent Faradic efficiency associated with ammonia production <em>via</em> these two distinct electrochemical pathways (eNORR and eNO₃RR) on Cu₆Sn₅. By implementing an advanced ‘adaptive electric field controlled constant potential (EFC-CP)’ methodology combined with microkinetic modeling, we successfully reproduced the experimental observations and identified the key factors affecting ammonia production in both reaction pathways. It was found that eNORR outperforms eNO₃RR because it circumvents the *NO₂ dissociation and *NO₂ desorption steps, leading to distinct surface coverage of key intermediates between the two pathways. Furthermore, the reaction rates were found to exhibit a pronounced dependence on the surface coverage of *NO in eNORR and *NO₂ in eNO₃RR. Specifically, the facile desorption of *NO₂ on the Cu₆Sn₅ surface in eNO₃RR limits the attainable surface coverage of *NO, thereby impeding its performance. In contrast, the eNORR can maintain a high surface coverage of adsorbed *NO species, contributing to its enhanced ammonia production performance. These fundamental insights provide valuable guidance for the rational design of catalysts and the optimization of reaction routes, facilitating the development of more efficient, sustainable, and scalable techniques for ammonia production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9832,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Catalysis","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 220-226"},"PeriodicalIF":17.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145061244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boosting photocatalytic water oxidation via interfacial electric field-mediated charge separation in S-scheme photocatalyst","authors":"Xinyue Tan ,&nbsp;Minghui Zhang ,&nbsp;Yang Bai ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Liu ,&nbsp;Jianfang Jing ,&nbsp;Yiguo Su","doi":"10.1016/S1872-2067(25)64757-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-2067(25)64757-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The major challenge in photocatalytic water splitting lies in water oxidation reactions, which still suffer from poor charge separation. This study overcame inefficient charge separation by establishing a robust interfacial electric field through the electrostatic-driven assembly of Co₃O₄ nanoparticles with a perylene imide supramolecule (PDINH). The well-aligned band structures and intimate interfacial contact in the PDINH/Co₃O₄ heterostructure create an enhanced interfacial electric field that is 4.1- and 53.2-fold stronger than those of individual PDINH and Co₃O₄, thus promoting directional charge separation and transfer. Moreover, S-scheme charge transfer strongly preserves the oxidative holes in PDINH to drive efficient water oxidation reactions. Consequently, PDINH/Co₃O₄ composite achieves a photocatalytic oxygen evolution rate of 29.26 mmol g^–1 h^–1 under visible light irradiation, 8.2-fold improvement over pristine PDINH, with an apparent quantum yield of 6.66% at 420 nm. This study provides fundamental insights into interfacial electric field control for the development of high-performance organic photocatalysts for efficient water oxidation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9832,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Catalysis","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 199-209"},"PeriodicalIF":17.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145061313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simple removal of framework aluminum from MWW type zeolites for unprecedented optimal Mo-impregnated catalysts: Systematic elucidation of coke deposition and its impact on methane dehydroaromatization","authors":"Tristan James Sim ,&nbsp;Yun Ha Song ,&nbsp;Jaehee Shim ,&nbsp;Gihoon Lee ,&nbsp;Liangqing Li ,&nbsp;Young Soo Ko ,&nbsp;Jungkyu Choi","doi":"10.1016/S1872-2067(25)64760-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-2067(25)64760-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we investigated Mo-impregnated H-MCM-22 catalysts (denoted Mo/M) for methane dehydroaromatization (MDA) to produce aromatics such as benzene and toluene (BT). We attempted to improve the performance of the MDA catalysts by reducing the amount of Brönsted acid sites (BAS) of the H-MCM-22 supports via hydrothermal dealumination. Among the prepared catalysts, an optimal hydrothermal treatment (HT) of H-MCM-22 supports at 400 °C, followed by Mo impregnation (denoted Mo/M_400), resulted in a reduced and optimal amount of BAS, along with a comparable Mo distribution to Mo/M. Further, Mo/M_400 enhanced BT formation rates (maximum BT formation rate of 5.23 <em>vs</em>. 4.73 mmol_BT·g⁻¹·h⁻¹ for Mo/M); it appears that dealumination-induced reduction in the quantity of BAS altered their spatial interaction with active Mo species, promoting BT and naphthalene formation. Interestingly, the lifetime of intermediate C₂ (ethane and ethylene) formation was also improved for Mo/M_400. Rigorous coke analyses revealed that the decreased coke content in the aromatic-selective 10-membered-ring (10-MR) pores, as well as the ability of the 12-MR pores to accommodate coke deposits over a longer reaction time, improved the stability of Mo/M_400. Nonetheless, for all catalysts, the deactivations of BAS, and subsequently, the active Mo sites were mainly ascribed to coke deposition. The overall enhancement in MDA performance by Mo/M_400 was attributed to the advantages of the optimally reduced BAS, allowing such performance to surpass those of previously reported Mo-based catalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9832,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Catalysis","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 123-143"},"PeriodicalIF":17.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymmetric synthesis of chiral N-substituted amino amides and esters with two chiral centers by imine reductase-catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution via reductive amination","authors":"Zefei Xu ,&nbsp;Jinhui Feng ,&nbsp;Xiangtao Liu ,&nbsp;Qian Li ,&nbsp;Weidong Liu ,&nbsp;Peiyuan Yao ,&nbsp;Qiaqing Wu ,&nbsp;Dunming Zhu","doi":"10.1016/S1872-2067(25)64769-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-2067(25)64769-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chiral <em>N</em>-substituted amino amides and esters are ubiquitous scaffolds in pesticides and pharmaceutical chemicals, but their asymmetric synthesis remains challenging especially for those with multiple chiral centers. In this study, IR104 from <em>Streptomyces aureocirculatus</em> was identified from 157 wild-type imine reductases for the synthesis of (<em>S</em>)-2-((<em>R</em>)-2-oxo-4-propylpyrrolidin-1-yl) butanamide (antiepileptic drug Brivaracetam) via dynamic kinetic resolution reductive amination from ethyl 3-formylhexanoate and (<em>S</em>)-2-aminobutylamide with high diastereoselectivity. To further improve the catalytic efficiency of IR104, its mutant D191E/L195I/E253S/M258A (M3) was identified by saturation mutagenesis and iterative combinatorial mutagenesis, which exhibited a 102-fold increase in the catalytic efficiency relative to that of wild-type enzyme and high diastereoselectivity (98:2 <em>d.r.</em>). Crystal structural analysis and molecular dynamics simulations provided some insights into the molecular basis for the improved activity of the mutant enzyme. The imine reductase identified in this study could accept chiral amino amides/esters as amino donors for the dynamic kinetic resolution reductive amination of racemic <em>α</em>-substituted aldehydo-esters, expanding the substrate scope of imine reductases in the dynamic kinetic resolution-reductive amination. Finally, IR104-M3 was successfully used for the preparation of Brivaracetam at gram scale. Using this mutant, various <em>N</em>-substituted amino amides/esters with two chiral centers were also synthesized with up to 99:1 <em>d.r.</em> and 96% yields and subsequently converted into γ- and δ-lactams, providing an efficient protocol for the synthesis of these important compounds via enzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution-reductive amination from simple building blocks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9832,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Catalysis","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 144-152"},"PeriodicalIF":17.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electronic structure modulation of metal based organic catalysts for photocatalytic H2O2 production","authors":"Wenhui Qi ,&nbsp;Xiuyan Li ,&nbsp;Shaonan Gu ,&nbsp;Bin Sun ,&nbsp;Yinan Wang ,&nbsp;Guowei Zhou","doi":"10.1016/S1872-2067(25)64788-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-2067(25)64788-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photocatalytic synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) has emerged as a promising approach because of its simplicity and environmental benefits. However, significant challenges remain obstacles to their advancement, such as the rapid recombination of photogenerated charge carriers and sluggish surface redox reactions on nonmetallic organic catalysts. Metal-based organic catalysts with tunable electronic structures are considered ideal for exploring the mechanisms and structure-performance relationships in H₂O₂ synthesis. This review summarizes the fundamental principles of photocatalytic H₂O₂ synthesis <em>via</em> oxygen reduction and water oxidation reactions. Recent advancements in electronic structure tuning strategies for metal-based organic catalysts are critically examined, focusing on their impact on light absorption range, photogenerated carrier separation, O₂ activation, and the selective generation of H₂O₂. In addition, this review comprehensively evaluates the applications of sacrificial agents in photocatalytic reaction systems and offers insights into the future development of metal-based organic catalysts for H₂O₂ photosynthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9832,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Catalysis","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 45-69"},"PeriodicalIF":17.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering spin polarization of encaging Co nanoparticles in atomic CoNx sites evoke high valent Co species for boosting organic compound oxidation","authors":"Liang Zhang ,&nbsp;Jialiang Rui ,&nbsp;Yiqian Li ,&nbsp;Zhizhi Yang ,&nbsp;Shiro Kubuki ,&nbsp;Junhu Wang ,&nbsp;Bofan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/S1872-2067(25)64763-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-2067(25)64763-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Precise manipulation of the catalytic spin configuration and delineation of the relationship between spin related properties and oxidation pathways remain significant challenges in Fenton-like processes. Herein, encapsulated cobalt nanoparticles and cobalt-nitrogen-doped carbon moieties, endowed with confinement effects and variations in shell curvature were constructed <em>via</em> straightforward pyrolysis strategies, inducing alterations in magnetic anisotropy, electronic energy levels and spin polarization. The enhanced spin polarization at cobalt sites leads to a reduction in crystal field splitting energy and an increase in electronic spin density. This phenomenon facilitated electron transfer from cobalt orbitals to <em>p</em>_z orbitals of oxygen species within peroxymonosulfate molecules, thereby promoting the formation of high-valent cobalt species. The encapsulation effectively stabilized cobalt nanoparticles, mitigating their dissolution or deactivation during reactions, which in turn enhances stability and durability in continuous flow processes. The high-valent cobalt species within the shell exhibit increased exposure and generate localized high concentrations, thereby intensifying interactions with migrating pollutants and enabling efficient and selective oxidation of emerging compounds with elevated redox potentials. This work underscores the profound impact of confined encapsulation curvature and spin polarization characteristics of metal sites on catalytic oxidation pathways and performance, opening novel avenues for spin engineering in practical environmental catalysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9832,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Catalysis","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 184-198"},"PeriodicalIF":17.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145061312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulating electronic structure of g-C3N4 hosted Co-N4 active sites by axial phosphorus coordination for efficient overall H2O2 photosynthesis from oxygen and water","authors":"Shinuo Liang,&nbsp;Fengjun Li,&nbsp;Fei Huang,&nbsp;Xinyu Wang,&nbsp;Shengwei Liu","doi":"10.1016/S1872-2067(25)64735-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-2067(25)64735-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Single-atom catalysts are promising for H₂O₂ photosynthesis from O₂ and H₂O, but their efficiency is still limited by the ill-defined electronic structure. In this study, Co single-atoms with unique four planar N-coordination and one axial P-coordination (Co-N₄P₁) are decorated on the lateral edges of nanorod-like crystalline g-C₃N₄ (CCN) photocatalysts. Significantly, the electronic structures of central Co as active sites for O₂ reduction reaction (ORR) and planar N-coordinator as active sites for H₂O oxidation reaction (WOR) in Co-N₄P₁ can be well regulated by the synergetic effects of introducing axial P-coordinator, in contrast to the decorated Co single-atoms with only four planar N-coordination (Co-N₄). Specifically, directional photoelectron accumulation at central Co active sites, induced by an introduced midgap level in Co-N₄P₁, mediates the ORR active sites from 4e^–-ORR-selective terminal –NH₂ sites to 2e^–-ORR-selective Co sites, moreover, an elevated d-band center of Co 3<em>d</em> orbital strengthens ORR intermediate *OOH adsorption, thus jointly facilitating a highly selective and active 2e^–-ORR pathway to H₂O₂ photosynthesis. Simultaneously, a downshifted p-band center of N 2<em>p</em> orbital in Co-N₄P₁ weakens WOR intermediate *OH adsorption, thus enabling a preferable 2e^–-WOR pathway toward H₂O₂ photosynthesis. Subsequently, Co-N₄P₁ exhibits exceptional H₂O₂ photosynthesis efficiency, reaching 295.6 μmol g^–1 h^–1 with a remarkable solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency of 0.32 %, which is 15 times that of Co-N₄ (19.2 μmol g^–1 h^–1) and 10 times higher than CCN (27.6 μmol g^–1 h^–1). This electronic structure modulation on single-atom catalysts offers a promising strategy for boosting the activity and selectivity of H₂O₂ photosynthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9832,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Catalysis","volume":"76 ","pages":"Pages 81-95"},"PeriodicalIF":17.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent progress in functional carbon-based materials for advanced electrocatalysis","authors":"Yinglong Weng ,&nbsp;Jianping Zhang ,&nbsp;Kun Zhang ,&nbsp;Yitong Lu ,&nbsp;Tingting Huang ,&nbsp;Yingbo Kang ,&nbsp;Xiaotong Han ,&nbsp;Jieshan Qiu","doi":"10.1016/S1872-2067(25)64749-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-2067(25)64749-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Functional carbon-based materials have become a key research direction in the field of advanced electrocatalysis due to their unique structure and properties. Various strategies have been proposed to design and synthesize high-performance carbon-based electrocatalysts. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the latest developments in carbon-based materials for advanced electrocatalysis, with particular emphasis on the structure design strategies and the intrinsic relationship between structure, activity, and performance. The functionalization of multi-dimensional carbon-based materials with enhanced electrocatalytic performance is first addressed. Next, the impact of electronic and structural engineering on the performance of carbon-based materials for electrocatalysis is discussed in terms of the advantages of different types of carbon-based materials in electrocatalytic applications. Finally, the prospects in areas such as precise tuning of functional carbon-based materials, the development of renewable carbon materials, the use of advanced characterization techniques and the promotion of smart manufacturing and responsiveness are highlighted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9832,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Catalysis","volume":"76 ","pages":"Pages 10-36"},"PeriodicalIF":17.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}