Chinese Journal of Catalysis最新文献

{"title":"Boehmite lattice hydroxyl-mediated selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde via water as hydrogen source","authors":"Wenxin He,&nbsp;Yuanhong Lu,&nbsp;Chenxi Guan,&nbsp;Xiaohui Hou,&nbsp;Rui Huang,&nbsp;Dehui Deng","doi":"10.1016/S1872-2067(26)65103-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-2067(26)65103-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde (CAL) to cinnamyl alcohol (COL) using water as the hydrogen source offers a promising route to eliminate traditional H₂ preparation. However, this approach faces a trade-off between concurrently crating abundant active hydroxyls for hydrogenation and readily removing residual oxygen under mild conditions, restricting current development. Here, we report a naturally abundant lattice hydroxyl-mediated selective hydrogenation process over a boehmite-supported gold catalyst (Au/AlOOH), using H₂O as the hydrogen source and CO as the oxygen acceptor. This process achieves 79% CAL conversion and 84% COL selectivity at 90 °C, doubling the efficiency of H₂-based hydrogenation counterpart. In contrast, the OH-free Au/Al₂O₃ shows no activity. Mechanistic studies indicate that the Au/AlOOH boundary provides unsaturated Al³⁺ sites for selective C=O adsorption and lattice hydroxyls for hydrogenation, which are continuously replenished from water. CO adsorbed on Au facilitates oxygen removal, regenerating Al³⁺ sites. This work presents a practical hydrogen transfer strategy that leverages the unique lattice hydroxyls of boehmite to efficiently extract hydrogen from water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9832,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Catalysis","volume":"87 ","pages":"Pages 386-395"},"PeriodicalIF":17.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148652133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Augmented reactive oxygen species generation in Ag/AgBr/C3N5 via LSPR-enhanced S-scheme charge transfer for efficient photocatalytic antibiotic wastewater remediation","authors":"Shijie Li,&nbsp;Rui Li,&nbsp;Yanping Liu,&nbsp;Xin Yu,&nbsp;Deyun Ma,&nbsp;Jianhui Jiang,&nbsp;Xiaosong Zhou,&nbsp;Chunqiang Zhuang,&nbsp;Zaiwang Zhao,&nbsp;Wei Jiang","doi":"10.1016/S1872-2067(26)65106-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-2067(26)65106-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficacy of photocatalytic pollutant degradation is fundamentally governed by charge carrier separation dynamics and redox potential preservation. To address these critical factors, we developed a plasmon-enhanced Ag/AgBr/C₃N₅ S-scheme heterojunction through a facile assembly approach. Systematic characterization and theoretical calculations reveal the establishment of a robust interfacial electric field that simultaneously promotes efficient charge separation while maintaining the strong inherent redox capabilities of individual components. The incorporation of plasmonic Ag nanoparticles introduces localized surface plasmon resonance, significantly broadening visible light absorption and generating energetic hot electrons. This synergistic integration of S-scheme charge transfers and plasmonic effects contributes to reinforced production of reactive species and yields exceptional photocatalytic performance, achieving 87.9% degradation of levofloxacin within 50 min under visible light irradiation. This performance surpasses those of pristine AgBr, AgBr/C₃N₅ and C₃N₅ by factors of approximately 1.76, 1.35 and 11.2, respectively. Mechanistic investigations through intermediate analysis elucidate a plausible levofloxacin degradation process, while eco-toxicological assessments confirm the environmentally benign nature of the final products. This work establishes a novel design paradigm for designing plasmon-enhanced S-scheme photocatalysts, offering a sustainable solution for antibiotic remediation in aqueous systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9832,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Catalysis","volume":"87 ","pages":"Pages 126-139"},"PeriodicalIF":17.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148661152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ligand-shell engineering of a Au25 nanocluster boosting CO2 electroreduction to syngas with tunable range proportion","authors":"Bowen Li,&nbsp;Changlin Lin,&nbsp;Qi Wang,&nbsp;Yongfeng Lun,&nbsp;Jun Fang,&nbsp;Shuqin Song,&nbsp;Yi Wang","doi":"10.1016/S1872-2067(26)65113-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-2067(26)65113-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Au nanoclusters (NCs) with atomic-level precision represent an ideal model catalyst enabling efficient CO₂-to-chemical conversion, yet the catalytic performance of distinct active sites in Au NCs remains poorly understood. In this work, ligand-shell engineering has been successfully carried out through a “ligand-stripping pyrolysis” strategy to obtain modified Au₂₅ NCs for electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction reaction (eCO₂RR). Significantly, <em>in situ</em> pyrolysis techniques and structural characterization identify that the exposure of S/Au active sites has been precisely controlled during the adjusted thermal decomposition of the Au NCs, which establishs a clear site-product relationship. The CO/H₂ molar ratio can be precisely adjusted across an exceptionally wide range (0.26–25.47) – a span that encompasses key industrially relevant ratios, such as the 1:2 ratio optimal for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations quantitatively disclose the interaction trend between exposed S/Au sites and CO₂. S sites exhibit a superior CO₂ affinity, with the local CO₂ concentration increasing as S-site density increases, thereby kinetically promoting eCO₂RR. Theoretical calculations also reveal that S sites facilitate the stabilization of *CO₂ and *CO intermediates and promote electron transfer. In contrast, Au sites are energetically more favorable for the hydrogen evolution reaction. This study establishes an ideal platform for investigating structure-performance relationships of atomically precise NCs and provides guidance for designing metal NCs-based catalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9832,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Catalysis","volume":"87 ","pages":"Pages 396-409"},"PeriodicalIF":17.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148652134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The smallest Ni species triggering selective hydrogenation of CO2 to methane: Ni dimer embedded in MFI and enhancement of MnOx","authors":"Sen Wang,&nbsp;Shiying Li,&nbsp;Rui Geng,&nbsp;Bo Zhou,&nbsp;Pengfei Wang,&nbsp;Zhangfeng Qin,&nbsp;Mei Dong,&nbsp;Jianguo Wang,&nbsp;Unni Olsbye,&nbsp;Weibin Fan","doi":"10.1016/S1872-2067(26)65095-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-2067(26)65095-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ni-based catalysts have shown significant potential in CO₂ methanation, but the high catalytic performance is usually obtained at quite high Ni loading, as small particles just transform CO₂ into CO via reverse water gas shift reaction. Thus, a scientifically and practically important work is clarification of the structure of the smallest active Ni species and the catalytic activity of structurally different Ni species. Here, MnO_<em>x</em>-modulated metallic nickel dimers (MnO_<em>x</em>-Ni₂) were embedded in silicalite-1 framework at a Ni loading of ~0.86%. It's CO₂ conversion, CH₄ selectivity and CH₄ space time yield (STY) surprisingly reach ~76%, ~98% and ~450 mol·mol_Ni^–1·h^–1 at 400 °C, 0.5 MPa and 12000 mL·g^–1·h^–1. Such a catalytic performance can be well maintained at least within 200 h. <em>In-situ</em> spectroscopy, density functional theory (DFT) calculation and ab initio molecular dynamics simulation results confirm that Ni dimer (Ni₂) is the smallest Ni cluster triggering the CO₂ methanation and the CH₄ formation activity is linearly increased with the Ni₂ content. Introduction of MnO_<em>x</em> not only increases the number of Ni₂ species, but also improves its intrinsic activity in CO₂ methanation, as MnO_<em>x</em> enhances the electronic density of Ni species and facilitates NiO reduction to MnO_<em>x</em>-Ni₂ species. This species shows higher H₂ dissociation activity than single atom Ni (Ni₁), pure Ni₂ and large Ni nanoparticles (NPs). In addition, it exhibits much stronger CO adsorption and lower energy barrier of CO* intermediate hydrogenation to CH₄. <em>In-situ</em> diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), isotope-labeled <em>in-situ</em> DRIFTS, on line mass spectroscopy (MS), Proton transfer reaction time of flight PTR TOF-MS and DFT calculation results reveal that CO₂ hydrogenation to methane on MnO_<em>x</em>-Ni₂@MFI mainly follows the HCOO* and CO* intermediates route.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9832,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Catalysis","volume":"87 ","pages":"Pages 113-125"},"PeriodicalIF":17.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148660815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WN enhanced metal-N-C platform for ultra-stable Pt oxygen reduction electrocatalyst in fuel cell","authors":"Ke Li,&nbsp;Yi Luo,&nbsp;Chenning Cai,&nbsp;Zemin Zheng,&nbsp;Gang Yu,&nbsp;Jianqiang Hu,&nbsp;Shengli Chen","doi":"10.1016/S1872-2067(26)65108-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-2067(26)65108-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread deployment of proton exchange membrane fuel cells is hindered by the “catalysis trilemma” of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which demands simultaneous high activity, exceptional durability and low cost. To overcome this longstanding bottleneck, we propose a universal tungsten nitride (WN) enhanced metal-N-C platform, where WN synergizes with metal-N_<em>x</em> sites to create a robust and electronically modulated support for Pt catalysts. This dual-anchoring and synergistic-catalyzing architecture not only effectively suppresses Pt nanoparticle migration and dissolution but also optimizes Pt activity, thereby accelerating ORR kinetics and enhancing structural integrity. As a prototypical example, the Pt/WN-Fe-N-C catalyst delivers a remarkable peak power density of 1.85 W/cm² at an ultralow cathode Pt loading of 0.05 mg-_Pt/cm² and retains 91.1% peak power density after 90000 accelerated durability test cycles with 4 mV voltage loss at 0.80 A/cm²-significantly exceeding the U.S. DOE 2030 targets. This work establishes a generalizable materials design strategy to break the activity-stability-cost trade-off in fuel cell catalysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9832,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Catalysis","volume":"87 ","pages":"Pages 230-242"},"PeriodicalIF":17.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148651903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boosting homogeneous ammonia synthesis by balancing N≡N activation and N–H formation","authors":"Zhaochun He,&nbsp;Chunli Liu,&nbsp;Yonghua Liu,&nbsp;Tao Wang","doi":"10.1016/S1872-2067(26)65086-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-2067(26)65086-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving mild-condition ammonia synthesis from dinitrogen (N₂) reduction has been a longstanding challenge in heterogeneous catalysis, primarily due to the lack of catalysts capable of simultaneously breaking the N≡N bond and hydrogenating the atomic nitrogen with low energy barriers. Herein, we identify a fundamental trade-off between N≡N bond breaking and subsequent N–H bond formation steps across different molecular catalysts, which was not previously established in homogeneous catalysis. By balancing N≡N activation and N–H formation, our computational analysis not only effectively rationalizes experimentally observed activity trends among well-studied Mo-complexes but also offers a rationale for predicting new homogeneous catalysts. Based on this established theoretical structure-activity relationship, we further identified a 5,6-OCF₃-substituted tungsten (W) complex as a promising catalyst for ammonia synthesis, overperforming all available complexes in the literature under the same reaction conditions. This work not only explains the trend in ammonia synthesis activity of metal complexes in available experiments but also provides theoretical guidance for the rational design of next-generation molecular catalysts for ambient nitrogen fixation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9832,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Catalysis","volume":"87 ","pages":"Pages 316-326"},"PeriodicalIF":17.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148652142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The organic-inorganic S-scheme heterojunction with enhanced charge separation simultaneously catalyze the production of hydrogen and imine","authors":"Hao Wu,&nbsp;Xinyu Zeng,&nbsp;Wang Wang,&nbsp;Bei Cheng,&nbsp;Jingzhao Cheng,&nbsp;Jingsan Xu,&nbsp;Shaowen Cao","doi":"10.1016/S1872-2067(26)65073-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-2067(26)65073-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photocatalytic hydrogen production coupled with value-added chemical synthesis has attracted extensive research interests as a promising route to realize efficient conversion of solar energy to chemical energy. However, the rapid charge recombination hinders the improvement of conversion efficiency. Herein, a pyrene-based conjugated polymer (PyDF)/Mn_0.2Cd_0.8S (MCS) organic-inorganic S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst (PMCS) was reported. The incorporation of large delocalized <em>π</em>-conjugation system and formation of the S-scheme heterojunction significantly enhanced the charge separation and transfer. As a result, the optimal PMCS_0.5 composite exhibited a hydrogen evolution rate of 16.3 mmol h^–1 g^–1 with ascorbic acid as sacrificial agent. In the coupled system for benzylamine (BA) oxidation and hydrogen production, it delivered a hydrogen evolution rate of 3.72 mmol h^–1 g^–1, with nearly 100% conversion of 358.8 μmol BA to <em>N</em>-benzylidene benzylamine (NBBA) within 4 h. To elucidate the charge transfer mechanism within the S-scheme heterojunction, density functional theory calculations, <em>in-situ</em> X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and <em>in-situ</em> irradiated Kelvin probe force microscopy were conducted. In addition, <em>in-situ</em> diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy was employed to monitor the stepwise transformation of amines to imines during the photocatalytic process. This work offers a promising approach for bifunctional photocatalyst design toward simultaneous energy conversion and green synthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9832,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Catalysis","volume":"87 ","pages":"Pages 185-196"},"PeriodicalIF":17.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148651899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thiadiazole-functionalized covalent triazine frameworks for constructing S-scheme heterojunctions enabling boosted H2O2 photosynthesis","authors":"Gaoxiong Liu,&nbsp;Rundong Chen,&nbsp;Bingquan Xia,&nbsp;Xianlong Zhou,&nbsp;Laiquan Li,&nbsp;Shantang Liu","doi":"10.1016/S1872-2067(26)65079-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-2067(26)65079-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) generation from water and air provides a prospective means for converting solar energy into valuable chemicals, which, however, is limited by the low carrier separation efficiency of traditional single-component semiconductor photocatalysts. Herein, we report a facile strategy for constructing an S-scheme organic heterojunction by integrating graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) with covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs). The thiadiazole-modified CTFs are precisely functionalized with benzothiadiazole, phenyl, and biphenyl groups. The hybrid with optimized structure achieves a 3259 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹ H₂O₂ generation rate, outperforming pristine CTFs and g-C₃N₄ by 78-fold and 8-fold, respectively. <em>In-situ</em> characterizations confirm the enhanced light absorption, redox capacity, and charge carrier dynamics of the g-C₃N₄/CTF S-scheme heterojunction. The thiadiazole units increase active sites within CTFs and collaborate with g-C₃N₄ to accelerate electron-hole separation and enable high H₂O₂ selectivity. Through theoretical/experimental analyses, the O₂ adsorption configuration on CTFs is revealed to favor a two-step single-electron O₂ reduction route, reducing thermodynamic barriers for O₂-to-H₂O₂ conversion. Providing design strategies for organic heterojunctions with enhanced electronic structures, this study enables efficient artificial H₂O₂ photosynthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9832,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Catalysis","volume":"87 ","pages":"Pages 170-184"},"PeriodicalIF":17.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148660816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atomic vacancies accelerating photochemical solar fuel and value-added chemical production: From materials to mechanism","authors":"Yang Ding,&nbsp;Zhixue Li,&nbsp;Shuzeng Zhang,&nbsp;Guoxiang Yang,&nbsp;Runtian Zheng,&nbsp;Chunhua Wang","doi":"10.1016/S1872-2067(26)65084-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-2067(26)65084-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atomic vacancies in semiconductor materials are usually considered detrimental due to their role in trapping photogenerated carriers, leading to attenuated crystallinity and poor photoelectric conversion efficiency. However, the deliberate and controlled introduction of atomic vacancies within an optimal ratio range in semiconductor photocatalysts can significantly improve their catalytic efficiency. Specifically, vacancy sites can optimize the electronic configuration, promote charge carrier separation, activate reactant molecules, lower activation energies, and improve visible light harvesting, thereby enhancing photocatalytic performance. In this review, we systematically highlight the multiplicity of vacancies in semiconductor materials and examine their innovative role in driving photochemical solar fuel and high-value chemical production. An in-depth discussion of the underlying photoreaction mechanisms associated with the vacancy-mediated process is firstly elaborated, followed by introducing the advanced characterizations employed to uncover the merits of vacancies as well as currently developed strategies for vacancy-engineering in photocatalysts. Next, the current advances in utilizing vacancy contained photocatalysts for photochemical solar fuel and value-added chemical production are discussed and appraised, putting emphasis on their applications in water splitting, CO₂ conversion, H₂O₂ generation, and N₂ fixation. With the opportunities and challenges in this field, we concluded by presenting an outlook on the further prospects and key issues for the practical application of vacancy contained semiconductor materials. We sincerely hope that this review can spur new concepts to advance industrial-scale solar fuel and value-added chemical generation using vacancy-engineered semiconductor photocatalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9832,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Catalysis","volume":"87 ","pages":"Pages 1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":17.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148652094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual pathways in photo-driven Fischer-Tropsch synthesis for high selective hydrocarbon production","authors":"Yang Ding,&nbsp;Yizhen Lu,&nbsp;Tianrong Yu,&nbsp;Mingrui Zhang,&nbsp;Rui Zhao,&nbsp;Ruijie Yang,&nbsp;Qixin Li,&nbsp;Shiqun Wu,&nbsp;Jinlong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/S1872-2067(26)65107-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-2067(26)65107-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fischer-Tropsch synthesis converts syngas (CO/H₂) to liquid fuels and value-added chemicals, but conventional thermocatalysis requires severe conditions, shows rapid deactivation, and offers limited control over product distributions. This review examines photo-driven Fischer-Tropsch synthesis with a focus on advances reported in the past decade, concentrating on two mechanistic routes: photo-induced thermal catalysis and photothermal synergistic catalysis. We compile progress in materials design that includes support and interface engineering, modulation of the active phase, and rational use of cocatalysts. Pathway control is discussed with emphasis on lowering methane and carbon dioxide formation while steering selectivity to C₂₊ olefins or C₅₊ alkanes under comparatively mild conditions. By contrasting the two routes, the review clarifies differences in energy transduction and the roles of photogenerated charge carriers, and from these differences extracts general principles for selectivity engineering and catalyst stability. Critical gaps are identified, notably quantitative separation of thermal and non-thermal effects, operando elucidation of reaction intermediates, standardized reporting of light and temperature, and long-term durability under realistic feeds. The review closes with research priorities for coupling mechanism-informed catalyst design with thermal management and reactor scale strategies to advance Fischer-Tropsch synthesis toward application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9832,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Catalysis","volume":"87 ","pages":"Pages 22-46"},"PeriodicalIF":17.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148652099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}