Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY)最新文献_第5页

Task-Modulated Corticocortical Synchrony in the Cognitive-Motor Network Supporting Handwriting 支持手写的认知-运动网络的任务调节皮质-皮质同步

Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY) Pub Date : 2019-10-16 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz210

Timo Saarinen, J. Kujala, H. Laaksonen, A. Jalava, R. Salmelin

{"title":"Task-Modulated Corticocortical Synchrony in the Cognitive-Motor Network Supporting Handwriting","authors":"Timo Saarinen, J. Kujala, H. Laaksonen, A. Jalava, R. Salmelin","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhz210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz210","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Both motor and cognitive aspects of behavior depend on dynamic, accurately timed neural processes in large-scale brain networks. Here, we studied synchronous interplay between cortical regions during production of cognitive-motor sequences in humans. Specifically, variants of handwriting that differed in motor variability, linguistic content, and memorization of movement cues were contrasted to unveil functional sensitivity of corticocortical connections. Data-driven magnetoencephalography mapping (n = 10) uncovered modulation of mostly left-hemispheric corticocortical interactions, as quantified by relative changes in phase synchronization. At low frequencies (~2–13 Hz), enhanced frontoparietal synchrony was related to regular handwriting, whereas premotor cortical regions synchronized for simple loop production and temporo-occipital areas for a writing task substituting normal script with loop patterns. At the beta-to-gamma band (~13–45 Hz), enhanced synchrony was observed for regular handwriting in the central and frontoparietal regions, including connections between the sensorimotor and supplementary motor cortices and between the parietal and dorsal premotor/precentral cortices. Interpreted within a modular framework, these modulations of synchrony mainly highlighted interactions of the putative pericentral subsystem of hand coordination and the frontoparietal subsystem mediating working memory operations. As part of cortical dynamics, interregional phase synchrony varies depending on task demands in production of cognitive-motor sequences.","PeriodicalId":9825,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY)","volume":"93 1","pages":"1871 - 1886"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87663240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Functional and Structural Properties of Highly Responsive Somatosensory Neurons in Mouse Barrel Cortex 小鼠桶状皮质高反应体感觉神经元的功能和结构特性

Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY) Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1101/789347

C. Barz, P. Garderes, D. Ganea, Sven Reischauer, D. Feldmeyer, F. Haiss

{"title":"Functional and Structural Properties of Highly Responsive Somatosensory Neurons in Mouse Barrel Cortex","authors":"C. Barz, P. Garderes, D. Ganea, Sven Reischauer, D. Feldmeyer, F. Haiss","doi":"10.1101/789347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/789347","url":null,"abstract":"Sparse population activity is a hallmark of supra-granular sensory neurons in neocortex. The mechanisms underlying sparseness are not well understood because a direct link between the neurons activated in vivo and their cellular properties investigated in vitro has been missing. We used two-photon calcium imaging to identify a subset of neurons in layer L2/3 (L2/3) of mouse primary somatosensory cortex that are highly active following principal whisker vibrotactile stimulation. These high responders were then tagged using photoconvertible green fluorescent protein for subsequent targeting in the brain slice using intracellular patch-clamp recordings and biocytin staining. This approach allowed us to investigate the structural and functional properties of high responders that distinguish them from less active control cells. Compared to less responsive L2/3 neurons, high responders displayed increased levels of stimulus-evoked and spontaneous activity, elevated noise and spontaneous pair-wise correlations, and stronger coupling to the population response. Intrinsic excitability was reduced in high responders, while other electrophysiological and morphological parameters were unchanged. Thus, the choice of which neurons participate in stimulus encoding may largely be determined by network connectivity rather than by cellular structure and function.","PeriodicalId":9825,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY)","volume":"67 1","pages":"4533 - 4553"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83947513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Direct Electrical Stimulation of Premotor Areas: Different Effects on Hand Muscle Activity during Object Manipulation 运动前区的直接电刺激:在物体操作过程中对手部肌肉活动的不同影响

Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY) Pub Date : 2019-09-02 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz139

L. Fornia, M. Rossi, M. Rabuffetti, A. Leonetti, G. Puglisi, L. Viganó, L. Simone, H. Howells, A. Bellacicca, L. Bello, G. Cerri

{"title":"Direct Electrical Stimulation of Premotor Areas: Different Effects on Hand Muscle Activity during Object Manipulation","authors":"L. Fornia, M. Rossi, M. Rabuffetti, A. Leonetti, G. Puglisi, L. Viganó, L. Simone, H. Howells, A. Bellacicca, L. Bello, G. Cerri","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhz139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz139","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Dorsal and ventral premotor (dPM and vPM) areas are crucial in control of hand muscles during object manipulation, although their respective role in humans is still debated. In patients undergoing awake surgery for brain tumors, we studied the effect of direct electrical stimulation (DES) of the premotor cortex on the execution of a hand manipulation task (HMt). A quantitative analysis of the activity of extrinsic and intrinsic hand muscles recorded during and in absence of DES was performed. Results showed that DES applied to premotor areas significantly impaired HMt execution, affecting task-related muscle activity with specific features related to the stimulated area. Stimulation of dorsal vPM induced both a complete task arrest and clumsy task execution, characterized by general muscle suppression. Stimulation of ventrocaudal dPM evoked a complete task arrest mainly due to a dysfunctional recruitment of hand muscles engaged in task execution. These results suggest that vPM and dPM contribute differently to the control of hand muscles during object manipulation. Stimulation of both areas showed a significant impact on motor output, although the different effects suggest a stronger relationship of dPM with the corticomotoneuronal circuit promoting muscle recruitment and a role for vPM in supporting sensorimotor integration.","PeriodicalId":9825,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY)","volume":"10 1","pages":"391 - 405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81913124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24

Dendritic Localization and Exocytosis of NAAG in the Rat Hippocampus NAAG在大鼠海马中的树突定位和胞吐作用

Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY) Pub Date : 2019-08-26 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz176

K. Nordengen, K. Nordengen, C. Morland, Barbara S. Slusher, Gundersen, Gundersen

{"title":"Dendritic Localization and Exocytosis of NAAG in the Rat Hippocampus","authors":"K. Nordengen, K. Nordengen, C. Morland, Barbara S. Slusher, Gundersen, Gundersen","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhz176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz176","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract While a lot is known about classical, anterograde neurotransmission, less is known about the mechanisms and molecules involved in retrograde neurotransmission. Our hypothesis is that N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG), the most abundant dipeptide in the brain, may act as a retrograde transmitter in the brain. NAAG was predominantly localized in dendritic compartments of glutamatergic synapses in the intact hippocampus, where it was present in close proximity to synaptic-like vesicles. In acute hippocampal slices, NAAG was depleted from postsynaptic dendritic elements during neuronal stimulation induced by depolarizing concentrations of potassium or by exposure to glutamate receptor (GluR) agonists. The depletion was completely blocked by botulinum toxin B and strictly dependent on extracellular calcium, indicating exocytotic release. In contrast, there were low levels of NAAG and no effect by depolarization or GluR agonists in presynaptic glutamatergic terminals or GABAergic pre- and postsynaptic elements. Together these data suggest a possible role for NAAG as a retrograde signaling molecule at glutamatergic synapses via exocytotic release.","PeriodicalId":9825,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY)","volume":"111 1","pages":"1422 - 1435"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82468550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Breakdown of Whole-brain Dynamics in Preterm-born Children 早产儿全脑动力学的分解

Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY) Pub Date : 2019-08-23 DOI: 10.1093/CERCOR/BHZ156

N. Padilla, Victor M. Saenger, T. V. van Hartevelt, H. Fernandes, F. Lennartsson, J. Andersson, M. Kringelbach, G. Deco, U. Ådén

{"title":"Breakdown of Whole-brain Dynamics in Preterm-born Children","authors":"N. Padilla, Victor M. Saenger, T. V. van Hartevelt, H. Fernandes, F. Lennartsson, J. Andersson, M. Kringelbach, G. Deco, U. Ådén","doi":"10.1093/CERCOR/BHZ156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/CERCOR/BHZ156","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The brain operates at a critical point that is balanced between order and disorder. Even during rest, unstable periods of random behavior are interspersed with stable periods of balanced activity patterns that support optimal information processing. Being born preterm may cause deviations from this normal pattern of development. We compared 33 extremely preterm (EPT) children born at < 27 weeks of gestation and 28 full-term controls. Two approaches were adopted in both groups, when they were 10 years of age, using structural and functional brain magnetic resonance imaging data. The first was using a novel intrinsic ignition analysis to study the ability of the areas of the brain to propagate neural activity. The second was a whole-brain Hopf model, to define the level of stability, desynchronization, or criticality of the brain. EPT-born children exhibited fewer intrinsic ignition events than controls; nodes were related to less sophisticated aspects of cognitive control, and there was a different hierarchy pattern in the propagation of information and suboptimal synchronicity and criticality. The largest differences were found in brain nodes belonging to the rich-club architecture. These results provide important insights into the neural substrates underlying brain reorganization and neurodevelopmental impairments related to prematurity.","PeriodicalId":9825,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY)","volume":"19 4 1","pages":"1159 - 1170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81260638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Pulvinar Modulates Contrast Responses in the Visual Cortex as a Function of Cortical Hierarchy 枕状核作为皮层层次的功能调节视觉皮层的对比反应

Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY) Pub Date : 2019-08-13 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz149

B. O. F. de Souza, Nelson Cortes, C. Casanova

引用次数: 20

Enhanced Bottom-Up and Reduced Top-Down fMRI Activity Is Related to Long-Lasting Nonreinforced Behavioral Change 自底向上增强和自顶向下减弱的fMRI活动与长期非强化行为改变有关

Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY) Pub Date : 2019-08-13 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz132

Rotem Botvinik-Nezer, Tom Salomon, T. Schonberg

{"title":"Enhanced Bottom-Up and Reduced Top-Down fMRI Activity Is Related to Long-Lasting Nonreinforced Behavioral Change","authors":"Rotem Botvinik-Nezer, Tom Salomon, T. Schonberg","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhz132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz132","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Behavioral change studies and interventions focus on self-control and external reinforcements to influence preferences. Cue-approach training (CAT) has been shown to induce preference changes lasting months by merely associating items with neutral cues and speeded responses. We utilized this paradigm to study neural representation of preferences and their modification without external reinforcements. We scanned 36 participants with fMRI during a novel passive viewing task before, after and 30 days following CAT. We preregistered the predictions that activity in memory, top-down attention, and value-processing regions will underlie preference modification. While most theories associate preferences with prefrontal regions, we found that “bottom-up” perceptual mechanisms were associated with immediate change, whereas reduced “top-down” parietal activity was related to long-term change. Activity in value-related prefrontal regions was enhanced immediately after CAT for trained items and 1 month after for all items. Our findings suggest a novel neural mechanism of preference representation and modification. We suggest that nonreinforced change of preferences occurs initially in perceptual representation of items, putatively leading to long-term changes in “top-down” processes. These findings offer implementation of bottom-up instead of top-down targeted interventions for long-lasting behavioral change.","PeriodicalId":9825,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY)","volume":"60 1","pages":"858 - 874"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89166858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

A Sparse Probabilistic Code Underlies the Limits of Behavioral Discrimination 稀疏概率码是行为区分极限的基础

Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY) Pub Date : 2019-08-12 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz147

Balaji Sriram, Lillian Li, A. Cruz-Martín, Anirvan Ghosh

{"title":"A Sparse Probabilistic Code Underlies the Limits of Behavioral Discrimination","authors":"Balaji Sriram, Lillian Li, A. Cruz-Martín, Anirvan Ghosh","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhz147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz147","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The cortical code that underlies perception must enable subjects to perceive the world at time scales relevant for behavior. We find that mice can integrate visual stimuli very quickly (<100 ms) to reach plateau performance in an orientation discrimination task. To define features of cortical activity that underlie performance at these time scales, we measured single-unit responses in the mouse visual cortex at time scales relevant to this task. In contrast to high-contrast stimuli of longer duration, which elicit reliable activity in individual neurons, stimuli at the threshold of perception elicit extremely sparse and unreliable responses in the primary visual cortex such that the activity of individual neurons does not reliably report orientation. Integrating information across neurons, however, quickly improves performance. Using a linear decoding model, we estimate that integrating information over 50–100 neurons is sufficient to account for behavioral performance. Thus, at the limits of visual perception, the visual system integrates information encoded in the probabilistic firing of unreliable single units to generate reliable behavior.","PeriodicalId":9825,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY)","volume":"1 1","pages":"1040 - 1055"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87741740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Interleaving Motor Sequence Training With High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Facilitates Consolidation 交错运动序列训练与高频重复经颅磁刺激促进巩固

Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY) Pub Date : 2019-08-02 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz145

Jost-Julian Rumpf, L. May, C. Fricke, J. Classen, G. Hartwigsen

{"title":"Interleaving Motor Sequence Training With High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Facilitates Consolidation","authors":"Jost-Julian Rumpf, L. May, C. Fricke, J. Classen, G. Hartwigsen","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhz145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz145","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The acquisition of novel motor skills is a fundamental process of lifelong learning and crucial for everyday behavior. Performance gains acquired by training undergo a transition from an initially labile state to a state that is progressively robust towards interference, a phenomenon referred to as motor consolidation. Previous work has demonstrated that the primary motor cortex (M1) is a neural key region for motor consolidation. However, it remains unknown whether physiological processes underlying posttraining motor consolidation in M1 are active already during an ongoing training phase or only after completion of the training. We examined whether 10-Hz interleaved repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (i-rTMS) of M1 during rest periods between active motor training in an explicit motor learning task affects posttraining offline consolidation. Relative to i-rTMS to the vertex (control region), i-rTMS to the M1hand area of the nondominant hand facilitated posttraining consolidation assessed 6 h after training without affecting training performance. This facilitatory effect generalized to delayed performance of the mirror-symmetric sequence with the untrained (dominant) hand. These findings indicate that posttraining consolidation can be facilitated independently from training-induced performance increments and suggest that consolidation is initiated already during offline processing in short rest periods between active training phases.","PeriodicalId":9825,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY)","volume":"29 1","pages":"1030 - 1039"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81411584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

The Evolutionary History of Common Genetic Variants Influencing Human Cortical Surface Area 影响人类皮质表面积的常见遗传变异的进化史

Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY) Pub Date : 2019-07-16 DOI: 10.1101/703793

Amanda K. Tilot, E. Khramtsova, Katrina L. Grasby, N. Jahanshad, J. Painter, L. Colodro-Conde, J. Bralten, D. Hibar, P. Lind, Siyao Liu, Sarah M. Brotman, P. Thompson, S. Medland, F. Macciardi, B. Stranger, L. Davis, S. Fisher, J. Stein

引用次数: 21