Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY)最新文献

Conditioning and pseudoconditioning differently change intrinsic excitability of inhibitory interneurons in the neocortex 条件反射和假条件反射对神经皮层抑制性中间神经元内在兴奋性的改变不同

Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae109

D. Kanigowski, Joanna Urban-Ciecko

{"title":"Conditioning and pseudoconditioning differently change intrinsic excitability of inhibitory interneurons in the neocortex","authors":"D. Kanigowski, Joanna Urban-Ciecko","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhae109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhae109","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Many studies indicate a broad role of various classes of GABAergic interneurons in the processes related to learning. However, little is known about how the learning process affects intrinsic excitability of specific classes of interneurons in the neocortex. To determine this, we employed a simple model of conditional learning in mice where vibrissae stimulation was used as a conditioned stimulus and a tail shock as an unconditioned one. In vitro whole-cell patch-clamp recordings showed an increase in intrinsic excitability of low-threshold spiking somatostatin-expressing interneurons (SST-INs) in layer 4 (L4) of the somatosensory (barrel) cortex after the conditioning paradigm. In contrast, pseudoconditioning reduced intrinsic excitability of SST-LTS, parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PV-INs), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-expressing interneurons (VIP-INs) with accommodating pattern in L4 of the barrel cortex. In general, increased intrinsic excitability was accompanied by narrowing of action potentials (APs), whereas decreased intrinsic excitability coincided with AP broadening. Altogether, these results show that both conditioning and pseudoconditioning lead to plastic changes in intrinsic excitability of GABAergic interneurons in a cell-specific manner. In this way, changes in intrinsic excitability can be perceived as a common mechanism of learning-induced plasticity in the GABAergic system.","PeriodicalId":9825,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY)","volume":"191 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140782851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phonological properties of logographic words modulate brain activation in bilinguals: a comparative study of Chinese characters and Japanese Kanji 逻辑词的语音特性调节双语者的大脑激活：汉字与日语汉字的比较研究

Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae150

Zhenglong Lin, Xiujun Li, Geqi Qi, Jiajia Yang, Hongzan Sun, Qiyong Guo, Jinglong Wu, Min Xu

{"title":"Phonological properties of logographic words modulate brain activation in bilinguals: a comparative study of Chinese characters and Japanese Kanji","authors":"Zhenglong Lin, Xiujun Li, Geqi Qi, Jiajia Yang, Hongzan Sun, Qiyong Guo, Jinglong Wu, Min Xu","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhae150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhae150","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The brain networks for the first (L1) and second (L2) languages are dynamically formed in the bilingual brain. This study delves into the neural mechanisms associated with logographic–logographic bilingualism, where both languages employ visually complex and conceptually rich logographic scripts. Using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, we examined the brain activity of Chinese–Japanese bilinguals and Japanese–Chinese bilinguals as they engaged in rhyming tasks with Chinese characters and Japanese Kanji. Results showed that Japanese–Chinese bilinguals processed both languages using common brain areas, demonstrating an assimilation pattern, whereas Chinese–Japanese bilinguals recruited additional neural regions in the left lateral prefrontal cortex for processing Japanese Kanji, reflecting their accommodation to the higher phonological complexity of L2. In addition, Japanese speakers relied more on the phonological processing route, while Chinese speakers favored visual form analysis for both languages, indicating differing neural strategy preferences between the 2 bilingual groups. Moreover, multivariate pattern analysis demonstrated that, despite the considerable neural overlap, each bilingual group formed distinguishable neural representations for each language. These findings highlight the brain’s capacity for neural adaptability and specificity when processing complex logographic languages, enriching our understanding of the neural underpinnings supporting bilingual language processing.","PeriodicalId":9825,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY)","volume":"321 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140785714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inferior parietal cortex represents relational structures for explicit transitive inference 下顶叶皮层代表关系结构，用于显式传递推理

Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae137

Biman Xu, Jing Wu, Haoyun Xiao, Thomas F Münte, Zheng Ye

{"title":"Inferior parietal cortex represents relational structures for explicit transitive inference","authors":"Biman Xu, Jing Wu, Haoyun Xiao, Thomas F Münte, Zheng Ye","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhae137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhae137","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The human brain is distinguished by its ability to perform explicit logical reasoning like transitive inference. This study investigated the functional role of the inferior parietal cortex in transitive inference with functional MRI. Participants viewed premises describing abstract relations among items. They accurately recalled the relationship between old pairs of items, effectively inferred the relationship between new pairs of items, and discriminated between true and false relationships for new pairs. First, the inferior parietal cortex, but not the hippocampus or lateral prefrontal cortex, was associated with transitive inference. The inferior parietal activity and functional connectivity were modulated by inference (new versus old pairs) and discrimination (true versus false pairs). Moreover, the new/old and true/false pairs were decodable from the inferior parietal representation. Second, the inferior parietal cortex represented an integrated relational structure (ordered and directed series). The inferior parietal activity was modulated by serial position (larger end versus center pairs). The inferior parietal representation was modulated by symbolic distance (adjacent versus distant pairs) and direction (preceding versus following pairs). It suggests that the inferior parietal cortex may flexibly integrate observed relations into a relational structure and use the relational structure to infer unobserved relations and discriminate between true and false relations.","PeriodicalId":9825,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY)","volume":"149 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140793449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Consistently increased dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity during the exposure to acute stressors 在急性应激事件中，前额叶皮层背外侧的活动持续增加

Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae159

J. Meier, Lars Schwabe

{"title":"Consistently increased dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity during the exposure to acute stressors","authors":"J. Meier, Lars Schwabe","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhae159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhae159","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Stress has a major impact on our mental health. Nonetheless, it is still not fully understood how the human brain responds to ongoing stressful events. Here, we aimed to determine the cortical dynamics during the exposure to ecologically valid, standardized stressors. To this end, we conducted 3 experiments in which healthy participants underwent the Trier Social Stress Test (experiments 1 and 2) and the Socially Evaluated Cold Pressor Test (experiment 3) or a respective control manipulation, while we measured their cortical activity using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Increases in salivary cortisol and subjective stress levels confirmed the successful stress induction in all experiments. Results of experiment 1 showed significantly increased cortical activity, in particular in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, during the exposure to the Trier Social Stress Test. Experiment 2 replicated this finding and showed further that this stress-related increase in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity was transient and limited to the period of the Trier Social Stress Test. Experiment 3 demonstrated the increased dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity during the Socially Evaluated Cold Pressor Test, suggesting that this increase is generalizable and not specific to the Trier Social Stress Test. Together, these data show consistently that dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity is not reduced, as commonly assumed, but increased under stress, which may promote coping with the ongoing stressor.","PeriodicalId":9825,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY)","volume":"309 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140757680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In vivo ephaptic coupling allows memory network formation 体内触觉耦合允许记忆网络的形成

Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY) Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.28.530474

D. Pinotsis, E. Miller

引用次数: 9

3D synaptic organization of layer III of the human anterior cingulate and temporopolar cortex 人类前扣带皮层和颞极皮层第三层的三维突触组织

Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY) Pub Date : 2023-02-22 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.21.529433

N. Cano-Astorga, S. Plaza-Alonso, J. DeFelipe, L. Alonso-Nanclares

{"title":"3D synaptic organization of layer III of the human anterior cingulate and temporopolar cortex","authors":"N. Cano-Astorga, S. Plaza-Alonso, J. DeFelipe, L. Alonso-Nanclares","doi":"10.1101/2023.02.21.529433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.02.21.529433","url":null,"abstract":"The human anterior cingulate and temporopolar cortices have been proposed as highly connected nodes involved in high-order cognitive functions, but their synaptic organization is still basically unknown due to the difficulties involved in studying the human brain. Using Focused Ion Beam/Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB/SEM) to study the synaptic organization of the human brain obtained with a short post-mortem delay allows excellent results to be obtained. We have used this technology to analyze the neuropil (where the vast majority of synapses are found) of layer III of the anterior cingulate cortex (Brodmann’s area 24) and the temporopolar cortex, including the temporal pole (Brodmann’s area 38 ventral and dorsal) and anterior middle temporal gyrus (Brodmann’s area 21). Our results, based on 6695 synapses fully reconstructed in 3D, revealed that Brodmann’s areas 24, 21 and ventral area 38 showed similar synaptic density and synaptic size, whereas dorsal area 38 displayed the highest synaptic density and the smallest synaptic size. However, the proportion of the different types of synapses (excitatory and inhibitory), the postsynaptic targets and the shapes of excitatory and inhibitory synapses were similar, regardless of the region examined. These observations indicate that certain aspects of the synaptic organization are rather homogeneous, whereas others show specific variations across cortical regions. Since not all data obtained in a given cortical region can be extrapolated to other cortical regions, further studies on the other cortical regions and layers are necessary to better understand the functional organization of the human cerebral cortex.","PeriodicalId":9825,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY)","volume":"6 1","pages":"9691 - 9708"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91061363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A middle ground where executive control meets semantics: the neural substrates of semantic control are topographically sandwiched between the multiple-demand and default-mode systems 执行控制满足语义的中间地带:语义控制的神经基质在地形上夹在多需求和默认模式系统之间

Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY) Pub Date : 2022-08-16 DOI: 10.1101/2021.11.26.470178

R. Chiou, E. Jefferies, J. Duncan, Gina F. Humphreys, M. L. Lambon Ralph

{"title":"A middle ground where executive control meets semantics: the neural substrates of semantic control are topographically sandwiched between the multiple-demand and default-mode systems","authors":"R. Chiou, E. Jefferies, J. Duncan, Gina F. Humphreys, M. L. Lambon Ralph","doi":"10.1101/2021.11.26.470178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.26.470178","url":null,"abstract":"Semantic control is the capability to operate on meaningful representations, selectively focusing on certain aspects of meaning while purposefully ignoring other aspects based on one’s behavioural aim. This ability is especially vital for comprehending figurative/ambiguous language. It remains unclear, at the topographical level, why/how regions involved in semantic control seem reliably juxtaposed alongside other functionally specialised regions in the association cortex. We investigated this issue by characterising how semantic control regions topographically relate to the default-mode network (associated with memory and abstract cognition) and multiple-demand network (associated with executive control). Topographically, we confirmed that semantic control areas were sandwiched by the default-mode and multi-demand networks, forming an orderly arrangement observed both at the individual- and group-level. Functionally, semantic control regions exhibited ‘hybrid’ responses, fusing a preference for cognitively demanding processing (multiple-demand) and a preference for meaningful representations (default-mode) into a domain-specific preference for difficult operations on meaningful representations. When projected onto the principal gradient of human connectome, the neural activity of semantic control showed a robustly dissociable trajectory from visuospatial control, implying different roles in the functional transition from sensation to cognition. We discuss why the hybrid functional profile of semantic control regions might result from their intermediate topographical positions.","PeriodicalId":9825,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY)","volume":"1995 1","pages":"4512 - 4526"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89111715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Correction to: Individual resting-state alpha peak frequency and within-trial changes in alpha peak frequency both predict visual dual-pulse segregation performance 校正:个体静息状态α峰频率和试验内α峰频率的变化都预测了视觉双脉冲分离性能

Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY) Pub Date : 2022-05-16 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac200

引用次数: 1

Correction to: Irreversible specialization for speech perception in early international adoptees 修正:早期国际收养者言语感知的不可逆专业化

Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY) Pub Date : 2022-04-25 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac181

引用次数: 0

Correction to: Brain knows who is on the same wavelength: resting-state connectivity can predict compatibility of a female–male relationship 更正:大脑知道谁是同一波长的人:静息状态连接可以预测男女关系的兼容性

Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY) Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac142

S. Kajimura, A. Ito, Keise Izuma

引用次数: 2