中国实用医药最新文献

{"title":"Specific issues of endoscopic aids in neurological practice","authors":"M. L. Shteiner, Yu. Biktagirov, E. Korymasov, E. P. Krivoshchekov, M. Y. Khoroshilov","doi":"10.32000/2072-1757-2023-4-92-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32000/2072-1757-2023-4-92-95","url":null,"abstract":"The experience is analyzed of conducting 12 procedures of transanal lavage of distal colon sections in the author’s version in patients with strokes. Rectoromanoscopy was performed until the tube was inserted into the distal parts of the sigmoid colon. Then the light guide and the air blower were turned off, the protective window was disconnected. Further, the rectoscope tube was used as a conductor, through which a rubber tube was inserted to supply lavage fluid directly into the sigmoid colon. Next, a siphon enema was performed with a volume of no more than 7 liters. The advantages of this modified version of the siphon enema were visual control of the procedure, minimizing intestinal traumatization, improved conditions for the discharge of feces, sparing volumes of lavage medium, limiting the absorption of lavage fluid in the rectum. In all cases of observation, the patients tolerated the procedure quite satisfactorily. This variant of the modified siphon enema is the method of choice in neurological practice.","PeriodicalId":9821,"journal":{"name":"中国实用医药","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80271949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening diagnostics of posture in persons involved in rhythmic gymnastics according to computer-optical topography","authors":"N. M. Bikchurin, F. Takhavieva, O. Radchenko, E. M. Akishin","doi":"10.32000/2072-1757-2023-3-55-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32000/2072-1757-2023-3-55-59","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose — to study the features of posture in persons involved in rhythmic gymnastics according to computer optical topography (COT) in three planes. Material and methods. Screening examination of posture by computer optical topography in 253 girls involved in rhythmic gymnastics (mean age 14.1 ± 1.7 years). The control group consisted of students of a comprehensive school not involved in sports — 57 girls (average age — 15.04 ± 1.5). Results. A high proportion of persons with posture disorders and spinal deformity was revealed both in the group of female gymnasts and in the comparison group: 86.16% and 85.95%, respectively. When assessing the horizontal and sagittal plane, disorders are more frequent among gymnasts. Posture disorders in the frontal plane are more common in persons not involved in rhythmic gymnastics. Significant differences were noted in the sagittal plane, where posture disorders were significantly more common in female gymnasts — in 55.74% compared to the control group — 40.35% (φemp = 2.094; α ≤ 0.05), and a subnormal variant was detected in 35.57% of gymnasts, while in the control group this value is significantly higher — 50.87% (φemp = 2.114; α ≤ 0.05). Conclusion. The use of COT allows for timely screening and diagnosis of the spine in order to develop preventive measures in youth sports.","PeriodicalId":9821,"journal":{"name":"中国实用医药","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83101269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of vitamin D supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors in young men with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","authors":"S. V. Yakovleva, I. Pirogova","doi":"10.32000/2072-1757-2023-1-48-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32000/2072-1757-2023-1-48-54","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose — to study the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the components of the metabolic syndrome, stage of steatosis and liver fibrosis in young men with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Material and methods. The prospective study included 123 young male patients. Participants were divided into two groups: group I — persons with hepatic steatosis (n = 91), group II — persons without hepatic steatosis (n = 32). Patients in each group were divided into two subgroups (a and b): receiving (a) and not receiving (b) cholecalciferol. All persons who applied for an outpatient appointment underwent an anamnesis, measurement of blood pressure, assessment of anthropometric parameters, physical examination, biochemical analysis of blood on an empty stomach, and the level of 25(OH)D in blood serum was determined. The degreeы of steatosis and fibrosis were verified by liver elastometry. Results. Analysis of vitamin D availability in young men showed the predominance of its deficiency in the group of men with NAFLD in comparison with their peers without liver pathology. The normal level of 25(OH)D against the background of hepatic steatosis was 7 times less common. With the normalization of the level of vitamin D in the group with NAFLD and reaching its level of 49.05 ng/ml, the level of fasting insulin, the HOMA-IR index, the level of AST, and the degree of liver steatosis reliably decreased. Upon reaching the level of vitamin D up to 52.8 ng/ml in persons without NAFLD, the level of fasting glucose and total cholesterol significantly decreased. Conclusion. Timely detection of insufficient supply of vitamin D and its normalization in young men with NAFLD and in its absence allows implementing a strategy for the primary prevention of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.","PeriodicalId":9821,"journal":{"name":"中国实用医药","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85981016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The rs5219 polymorphism of KCNJ11 gene in predicting the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus","authors":"K. B. Khasanova, F. V. Valeeva, T. S. Yilmaz, E. V. Valeeva, A. A. Bikanova, L. T. Bareeva","doi":"10.32000/2072-1757-2023-4-87-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32000/2072-1757-2023-4-87-91","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose — to study the possibility of using rs9939609 T/A polymorphisms of the FTO gene, rs5219 C/T of the KCNJ11 gene, rs1801282 C/G of the PPARG gene, rs8192678 G/A of the PPARGC1A gene, rs12255372 G/T and rs7903146 C/T of the TCF7L2 gene as markers for predicting the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with T2DM risk factors. Material and methods. 112 overweight/obese patients from the Republic of Tatarstan (79% women and 21% men) aged 22 to 79 years participated in a single–center observational cohort 3-year prospective study. All patients were clinically examined, glucose tolerance test was performed, the level of glycated hemoglobin was determined, and polymorphisms rs9939609 T/A of the FTO gene, rs5219 C/T of the KCNJ11 gene, rs1801282 C/G of the PPARG gene, rs8192678 G/A of the PPARGC1A gene, rs12255372 G/T and rs7903146 C/T of the TCF7L2 gene were studied using PCR in real-time mode. Statistical analysis was performed with R 4.1.0 software. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression modeling were performed to evaluate association between outcomes and possible predictors. Area under the ROC-curve and Nagelkerke pseudo R-squared was used to compare prognostic performance of predictors. Results. According to the result of logistic regression (p=0.003), the carrier of the T allele KCNJ11 rs5219 is an independent risk factor for T2DM regardless of gender, age, waist circumference (WC), waist–hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and can be attributed as a marker of increased risk of T2DM. The inclusion of this polymorphism into T2DM clinical risk models, taking into account gender, age, maternal obesity, WHR and WHtR indices showed an increase of AUC from 0.74 to 0.78 (p=0.012) and from 0.73 to 0.79 (p=0.0056), respectively. Conclusion. The rs5219 polymorphism of the KCNJ11 gene can be used as an independent marker for predicting the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. The inclusion of this polymorphism in the risk model, which takes into account, in addition to the maternal obesity, the indices of WHtR or WHR, improves its predictive ability.","PeriodicalId":9821,"journal":{"name":"中国实用医药","volume":"49 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89435304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of modeling individual Relative Motion orthoses for patients with hand extensor apparatus injuries","authors":"I. G. Khannanova, R. R. Fasakhov, V. G. Topyrkin, E. R. Kadyrova","doi":"10.32000/2072-1757-2023-3-51-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32000/2072-1757-2023-3-51-55","url":null,"abstract":"Relative motion orthoses (RM) are an extremely important and useful aspect in hand therapy. They can be used for various diseases and injuries of the hand, including immobilization individually in each specific case, fixation in the required position, and active and passive workout of the joints. For the successful application of these orthoses, the hand therapist must pay attention to every detail during its fabrication.","PeriodicalId":9821,"journal":{"name":"中国实用医药","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90056937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum markers of cardiac dysfunction in patients with carbohydrate metabolism disorder during post-infraction rehabilitation","authors":"M. V. Frolova, V. Ruzov, R. R. Khayrullin, M. A. Melnikova, N. A. Slobodnyuk","doi":"10.32000/2072-1757-2023-4-81-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32000/2072-1757-2023-4-81-86","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of the diagnostic informative value of serum cardiac markers (troponin I, caspase-8, amphiphysin-2) in patients with impaired carbohydrate metabolism after myocardial infarction. The study conducted on the 10th day of the post-infarction period showed no relationship between the types of myocardial infarction and the severity of carbohydrate metabolism disorders. The study revealed an increase in amphiphysin-2 in patients of the study group compared with the control group, while the sensitivity and specificity of amphiphysin-2 in patients with Q-MI and non-Q MI were 97.8 and 13.0%, respectively. Elevated levels of amphiphysin-2 were accompanied by a simultaneous increase in serum levels of caspase-8 in the group of patients with myocardial infarction.","PeriodicalId":9821,"journal":{"name":"中国实用医药","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90340930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical case of pseudomembranous colitis in a patient with post-COVID syndrome","authors":"S. S. Yashin, E. D. Makarova, M. Danielian","doi":"10.32000/2072-1757-2023-2-121-123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32000/2072-1757-2023-2-121-123","url":null,"abstract":"Patients with COVID-19 most often have severe respiratory diseases, while about 19% of patients with COVID-19 exhibit gastrointestinal disorders. Excessive use of antibacterial drugs increases the risk of changes in the microbiota, the appearance of diarrhea and infection with Clostridioides difficile (CDI). Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a severe infectious disease of the colon caused by an obligate anaerobic organism releasing two main exotoxins: toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB), which cause CDI symptoms: intestinal damage and inflammation of the mucous membrane, which leads to a serious complication – pseudomembranous colitis. This disease is difficult to treat and may cause a relapse. That is why emphasis is currently being put on the prevention of this disease.","PeriodicalId":9821,"journal":{"name":"中国实用医药","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87170289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional approaches used in the complex therapy of children with autism spectrum disorder","authors":"M. Belousova, E. Morozova, E. G. Gomsina","doi":"10.32000/2072-1757-2023-2-8-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32000/2072-1757-2023-2-8-14","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the modern scientific data demonstrating the influence of intrauterine and early postnatal macro- and microelement deficiency on fetal neurogenesis and further cognitive development of the child. The features of the development of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are given, including the formation of eating behavior, manifestations of selectivity in food within the framework of sensory disintegration, self-restriction of the diet due to «novelty avoidance». Nutritional disorders in children with ASD, observed from an early age, are often accompanied, or cause the manifestation of gastroenterological disorders that require timely treatment, including diet therapy. The feeding difficulties faced by the family of a child with ASD often push parents to self-treat with various diets, the balance and effectiveness of which are often very questionable. The article discusses the positive effects of diets prescribed and controlled by nutritionists and discusses the risks of self-treatment. The authors emphasize the necessity of correcting eating disorders in children with ASD and the importance of a gastroenterologist and nutritionist participation in the interdisciplinary complex support of children with ASD.","PeriodicalId":9821,"journal":{"name":"中国实用医药","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85001650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with coronavirus infection","authors":"A. Bilalova, S. V. Moiseeva, V. G. Shakirova, I. Khaertynova, M. Gataullin, Yu. M. Sozinova, B. S. Fatkullin","doi":"10.32000/2072-1757-2023-1-30-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32000/2072-1757-2023-1-30-37","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose — to establish the clinical and laboratory features of COVID-19 in patients who were hospitalized at the Republic Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Kazan and to identify predictors of severe disease and death. Material and methods. A comprehensive examination of 172 patients with coronavirus infection (COVID-19) was carried out. Patients were analyzed by gender, age, presence of vaccination against COVID-19, comorbidities, laboratory data — levels of lymphocytes, C reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D-dimer, fibrinogen, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and disease outcomes. Results. There were no gender differences in patients with respect to the severity of COVID-19, clinical manifestations, comorbidities, or disease outcome (p > 0.05). Severe and extremely severe forms of the disease among individuals vaccinated against COVID-19 were recorded significantly less frequently (p < 0.05). The predominant symptoms of coronavirus infection were weakness, fever, headache, cough, shortness of breath. Concomitant pathology was more often recorded with severe COVID-19 than with mild (p < 0.05). At admission, all patients had lymphopenia, elevated levels of CRP, ferritin, LDH, D-dimer, fibrinogen, and IL-6, the severity of which was significantly higher in severe COVID-19 and death (p < 0.01). Conclusion. Lymphopenia, hypofibrinogenemia, elevated levels of CRP, ferritin, LDH, IL-6, and D-dimer should be regarded as predictors of severe COVID-19 and death. Monitoring the dynamics of these blood biomarkers provides the individual approach to the management of patients with coronavirus infection.","PeriodicalId":9821,"journal":{"name":"中国实用医药","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83397653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constitutional features of health in preschool children with recurrent respiratory pathology","authors":"I. S. Sultanov, I. E. Boboshko, L. A. Zhdanova","doi":"10.32000/2072-1757-2023-4-116-122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32000/2072-1757-2023-4-116-122","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose — to study the constitutional features of physical and neuropsychic development of 4–7 year old children of intro- and extravert types with chronic adenoiditis. Material and methods. The study included preschool children with a verified diagnosis of chronic adenoiditis. The control group consisted of conditionally healthy children without chronic diseases. All children were divided into introverts and extraverts. The features of somatometric and somatoscopic indicators of physical development, emotional, characterological and intellectual indicators of neuropsychic development and socialization were studied. Results. For introverted children with chronic adenoiditis, the disease onset occurred at the age of 3–4 years; obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in combination with snoring prevailed; the duration was about a year and a half; frequent acute purulent otitis media with a long monotonous course, the manifestation of excessive vagotonia and pronounced disorders of sound reproduction were observed. In extroverted children, chronic adenoiditis debuted at the age of 4–5 years, in the form of postnasal syndrome with night cough, excessive sympathicotonia and with earlier formation of exudative otitis and hearing loss; the duration of the disease was about six months. Introverts with chronic adenoiditis were three times more likely than healthy children of this type to have body mass deficiency and microsomia, lower indicators of social activity, abstract thinking, attention, fine motor skills and semantic memory. In extroverts with chronic adenoiditis, among the variants of physical development disorders, the frequency of excess body weight and macrosomia doubled, the level of impulsivity increased, discipline, large-motor giftedness, conceptual and visual-imaginative thinking decreased. Conclusion. Clinical and functional differences in the course of chronic adenoiditis in children of intro- and extravert types and the identified features of their physical and neuropsychic development can be the basis for creating differentiated programs for their medical and social support on an outpatient basis. The constitutional approach makes it possible to assess the psychophysiological features of individual qualities that make up the «ground» of the disease, both to make a reasonable choice of an effective combination of health disorders correction and prevention methods, and to ensure the fullest realization of a child’s physical and social potential.","PeriodicalId":9821,"journal":{"name":"中国实用医药","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82251658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}