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{"title":"The contributions of dark microbial CO2 fixation to soil organic carbon along a tropical secondary forest chronosequence on Hainan Island, China","authors":"Yanfei Sun ,&nbsp;Meiqiu Yang ,&nbsp;Yi Ding ,&nbsp;Danting Deng ,&nbsp;Zongrui Lai ,&nbsp;Wenxing Long","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nonphototrophic CO₂ fixation by microorganisms can reduce soil pore CO₂ to organic matter in the dark. Tropical forest restoration changes soil microbial community structure and organic carbon (SOC) storage. However, whether the capacity for dark CO₂ fixation is altered and contributes to SOC accumulation during tropical forest restoration remains unclear. Here, in the topsoil and deep soil of a tropical forest restoration chronosequence, we investigated chemoautotrophic and heterotrophic microbes and pathways involved in dark CO₂ fixation using a metagenome and quantified CO₂ fixation rates with a ¹³C–CO₂ labelling experiment. Tropical forest restoration altered the autotrophic CO₂ fixation pathway abundance in the Ah horizon, which showed an increasing trend. Heterotrophic carboxylase gene abundance was influenced by soil layer and was more abundant in the B horizon. The main microbes involved in CO₂ fixation belong to Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. ¹³C–CO₂ labelling showed that the CO₂ fixation rates across the restoration chronosequence ranged from 0.035 to 0.155 μg C/g soil d⁻¹, and the middle- and late-stage secondary forests exhibited higher rates compared to other stages. The microbial assimilation of CO₂ into mineral-associated organic carbon was also observed and the rate exhibited a similar trend to that into SOC, indicating that dark CO₂ fixation contributes to stable carbon formation. Tropical forest restoration influenced the CO₂ fixation rate indirectly by changing microbial CO₂ fixation gene abundance. Specifically, autotrophic pathways (Calvin, reductive citrate, and Wood−Ljungdahl cycles) and heterotrophic carboxylase genes (phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate carboxylases) were vital for CO₂ fixation in the Ah and B horizons, respectively. Our results suggest that SOC formed by microbial CO₂ assimilation contributes to the long-term soil carbon sequestration, especially in secondary forests, which have recovered to middle- and late-stages. The study highlights the importance of dark microbial CO₂ fixation in soil carbon sequestration and provides a new understanding of tropical forest soil carbon processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 108556"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An adaptive strategy for current afforestation in the forest-steppe ecotone, north China, inferred from the Holocene geo-ecology dynamics","authors":"Zhiqiang Yin ,&nbsp;Hongjuan Jia ,&nbsp;Hai Shao ,&nbsp;Yue He ,&nbsp;Xiaoguang Qin ,&nbsp;Jumei Pang ,&nbsp;Yang Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current afforestation in the forest-steppe ecotone of northern China to reduce continental desertification is hindered by a problem of what vegetational assemblage would adapt to local environment. Here we attempted to address the issue by investigating the long-term geo-ecological background in the Saihanba Forest Farm region, using pollen, biomarker, and radiocarbon dating analysis. Results show that natural arboreal species over the past 10,000 years were mainly composed of <em>Quercus</em>, <em>Betula</em>, <em>Ulmus</em>, <em>Pinus</em> and <em>Juglans.</em> Shrub species consisted of <em>Prunus sibirica</em>, and Ericaceae, while herbs included <em>Artemisia</em>, Chenopodiaceae, and Poaceae. The regional vegetation was profoundly altered by anthropogenic factors since ∼300 a B.P., as evidenced by an abrupt increase in coniferous trees. The Holocene climate in this region generally fluctuated from a cold-dry to a warm-humid condition and finally returned to cold and dry, suggesting a similar climatic status between the Holocene optimum (∼6 ka) and the modern warming periods. Therefore, we propose an adaptive vegetational assemblage for current afforestation, enhancing the sustainability of the Three-North Shelterbelt Project.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 108533"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of increasing rainfall on organic carbon release and transport processes in permafrost on the central Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Haotian Wei ,&nbsp;Enlong Liu ,&nbsp;Chuan He ,&nbsp;Bingtang Song ,&nbsp;Dan Wang ,&nbsp;Jian Kang ,&nbsp;Ling Chen ,&nbsp;Qiong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rainfall can alter the hydrothermal state of permafrost, subsequently affecting organic carbon decomposition and CO₂ transport. However, the mechanisms by which rainfall influences organic carbon decomposition and carbon dioxide transport processes in permafrost remain unclear. In this study, a coupled permafrost water-heat-vapor-carbon model, based on the surface energy-water balance theory, is employed to explore the effects of increased precipitation on permafrost moisture, temperature, organic carbon decomposition, and carbon dioxide transport through numerical simulations. The results are as follows: (1) with increased rainfall, surface latent heat flux rises while surface sensible heat flux declines, leading to a reduction in surface heat flux. The annual mean surface heat fluxes for the three precipitation conditions of no change in precipitation (ΔP = 0 mm), 50 mm increase in precipitation (ΔP = 50 mm) and 100 mm increase in precipitation (ΔP = 100 mm) are −0.1 W/m², −0.2 W/m² and −0.4 W/m² respectively; and (2) as rainfall increases, soil moisture content increases significantly, but the impact of rainfall on soil moisture content diminishes with increasing soil depth; and (3) increased rainfall results in a decrease in soil carbon fluxes, soil organic matter decomposition rates, and CO₂ concentrations. Compared to the case of constant precipitation, the surface carbon fluxes decreased by 0.04 <span><math><mrow><mi>μ</mi><mtext>mol</mtext><mo>·</mo><msup><mrow><mtext>m</mtext></mrow><mtext>-2</mtext></msup><msup><mrow><mtext>s</mtext></mrow><mtext>-1</mtext></msup></mrow></math></span> and 0.08 <span><math><mrow><mi>μ</mi><mtext>mol</mtext><mo>·</mo><msup><mrow><mtext>m</mtext></mrow><mtext>-2</mtext></msup><msup><mrow><mtext>s</mtext></mrow><mtext>-1</mtext></msup></mrow></math></span> under ΔP = 50 mm and ΔP = 100 mm, respectively. Additionally, the decomposition rate of soil organic matter at 10 cm depth decreased by 3.2 E-8 <span><math><mrow><mtext>mol</mtext><mo>·</mo><msup><mrow><mtext>m</mtext></mrow><mtext>-2</mtext></msup><msup><mrow><mtext>s</mtext></mrow><mtext>-1</mtext></msup></mrow></math></span> and 6.3 E-8 <span><math><mrow><mtext>mol</mtext><mo>·</mo><msup><mrow><mtext>m</mtext></mrow><mtext>-2</mtext></msup><msup><mrow><mtext>s</mtext></mrow><mtext>-1</mtext></msup></mrow></math></span>, respectively, while the soil carbon concentration decreased by 3 <span><math><mrow><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>l</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>m</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>l</mi></mrow></math></span> and 5 <span><math><mrow><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>l</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>m</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>l</mi></mrow></math></span>, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 108553"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling the spatial structure of regular dryland vegetation patterns","authors":"Karl Kästner ,&nbsp;Roeland C. van de Vijsel ,&nbsp;Daniel Caviedes-Voullième ,&nbsp;Nanu T. Frechen ,&nbsp;Christoph Hinz","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many resource-limited ecosystems exhibit spatial patterns where patches of biomass alternate with bare ground. Patterns can enhance ecosystem functioning and resilience, depending on their spatial structure. Particularly conspicuous are regular patterns, where patches are of similar size and spaced in similar intervals. The spatial structure of regular patterns is often described to be periodic. This has been corroborated by statistical testing of natural patterns and generation of periodic patterns with deterministic reaction–diffusion models. Yet, natural regular patterns appear conspicuously erratic compared to periodic patterns. So far, this has been attributed to perturbations by noise, varying patch size and spacing. First, we illustrate by means of an example that the spatial structure of regular vegetation patterns cannot be reproduced by perturbing periodic patterns. We then compile a large dataset of regular dryland patterns and find that their spatial structure systematically differs from periodic patterns. We further reveal that previous studies testing for periodicity overlook two aspects which dramatically inflate the number of false positives and result in the misclassification of patterns as periodic. We amend the test procedure by accounting for both aspects, finding that regular natural patterns have no significant periodic components. Lastly, we demonstrate that stochastic processes can generate regular patterns with similar visual appearance, spatial structure and frequency spectra as natural regular patterns. We conclude that new methods are required for quantifying the regularity of spatial patterns beyond a binary classification and to further investigate the difference between natural and model generated patterns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 108442"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of the Eemian lake-mire ecosystem at the Wola Starogrodzka site (Central Poland)","authors":"Danuta Drzymulska ,&nbsp;Magdalena Fiłoc ,&nbsp;Mirosława Kupryjanowicz ,&nbsp;Joanna Mirosław-Grabowska ,&nbsp;Karol Standzikowski ,&nbsp;Magdalena Suchora ,&nbsp;Marcin Żarski","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The assessment of detailed palaeoecological data obtained from the analysis of pollen, plant macrofossils, Cladocera, geochemistry, and stable isotopes of sediments has provided valuable information on the evolution of lakes. The target was the Eemian lake-mire ecosystem located in Central Poland, within palaeolakeland on the Garwolin Plain. Pollen analysis of biogenic sediments from the PWS2-19 profile collected at the Wola Starogrodzka site revealed that the studied lake existed from the beginning (E1 R PAZ) to the final phase (E7 R PAZ) of the Eemian Interglacial. In total, five stages of lake-mire ecosystem development were recognized. Stages I-III spanned a shallow open-water ecosystem with rising trophic state indicated by vegetation and Cladocera communities. However, it remained in opposition to the low content of organic matter in sediments accumulated at the time. Both dense forest cover and possible flow through the water body could be key for the low organic matter content. High mineralization may also have been an important factor. The first signs of lake overgrowth were noted during stage IV, and then the lake was transformed into mire (stage V), which was recorded in all proxies. Mire development was probably associated with two sedimentation hiatuses: in the middle part of E5 R PAZ and at the beginning of E6 R PAZ. Such hiatuses, as the results of lower groundwater level, were also known at these phases from other profiles, and not only from Poland.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 108526"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sem-derived microstructure of cyanobacterial and moss biocrusts and their connections to mechanical stability of two contrasting dryland soils","authors":"Xingxing Yu ,&nbsp;Bo Xiao ,&nbsp;Yousong Cao ,&nbsp;Giora J. Kidron","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As an important biological component of the soil surface in drylands, biocrusts play an indispensable role in maintaining soil ecosystem multifunctionality. However, the microstructure of these biocrusts remains unclear. For this end, both cyanobacterial and moss crusts inhabiting sandy and loessial soils were collected on the Chinese Loess Plateau, and their profiles were thoroughly studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM). A full SEM image of each biocrust sample were quantitatively analyzed and their mechanical stability was measured. The SEM images showed that moss crusts had a more complex soil structure compared to cyano crusts. Furthermore, the filament density, ratio indices of soil particles to filaments (<em>N</em>_P/<em>L</em>_F and <em>L</em>_F/<em>A</em>_P), and the pore area ratio (<em>PAR</em>) of the moss crusts were higher than that of the cyano crusts on both soils. The penetration resistance (PR) and shear force of the moss crusts were higher than those of the cyano crusts on both soils, but the same type of biocrusts was less stable on the sandy soil than that on loessial soil. In addition, our results showed that the microstructure of biocrusts showed an obvious correlation with their PR, with an apparent threshold value for the effect of soil particles to filaments ratio indices of biocrusts on their mechanical stability. On the sandy soil, the PR of the biocrusts reached the maximum when <em>N</em>_P<em>/L</em>_F was 10.0–13.0 mm⁻¹, and <em>L</em>_F/<em>A</em>_P was 12.0–14.0 mm m⁻² (cyano crusts) and 21.0–29.0 mm m⁻² (moss crusts). While on the loessial soil, the PR of the biocrusts reached its maximum when <em>N</em>_P<em>/L</em>_F and <em>L</em>_F/<em>A</em>_P were 37.0–40.0 mm⁻¹ and 11.0–12.5 mm m⁻², respectively. Our study elucidated the microstructural characteristics of the biocrust profiles on the different soils and their thresholds affecting mechanical stability, which may help in the site-specific application of biocrusts in soil remediation and ecological restoration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 108537"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redox conditions and Indicator of Reduction in Soils (IRIS) films in soils of a hypersaline wetland","authors":"Carmen Castañeda ,&nbsp;Rafael Rodríguez-Ochoa ,&nbsp;José Ramón Olarieta ,&nbsp;Eva Medina ,&nbsp;Borja Latorre ,&nbsp;Brian Scott ,&nbsp;Martin C. Rabenhorst ,&nbsp;Juan Herrero","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Information about the reducing conditions in hypersaline wetland soils is scarce though redox traits are of ecological and agronomical interest. We studied the soils and water in Salineta playa-lake (NE Spain) plus the soil redox conditions using IRIS (Indicators of Reduction in Soils) films during 17 months. Soils had a pH varying from 6.8 to 7.8, a mean gypsum content of 38 %, a mean organic carbon content of 0.6 %, and soil salinity ranged from 219 to 66 dS m⁻¹ in the saturated paste extract. Soil horizons showed distinct morphological features consistent with a redox potential (Eh) ranging from +434 to −108 mV. Minimum Eh occurred in the upper soil horizon indicating intensified reducing conditions with a transition to aerobic conditions with depth. Sulfidic and Anoxic conditions prevailed during the annual cycle despite temporary drying. The IRIS films revealed an irregular removal of manganese and iron oxide coatings through time and through the film depth as triggered by pulses of the water level. The monthly removal rate was 10.6 % for manganese and 5 % for iron films. Iron removal showed a delayed and irregular response due to the alkaline conditions. The persistent accumulation of sulfides in the soil resulted in a distinctive black soil layer which can be a key feature for future monitoring of the impacts of the agricultural flows from surrounding irrigated lands. Further research on pedogenesis of arid wetlands will help the soil resource inventories and the understanding of the various life adaptations to these conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 108552"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of land use change on soil carbon storage and phosphorus fractions in tropics","authors":"Mohsin Mahmood ,&nbsp;Waqas Ahmed ,&nbsp;Anam Ayyoub ,&nbsp;Ahmed Salah Elrys ,&nbsp;Adnan Mustafa ,&nbsp;Weidong Li ,&nbsp;Zhuwen Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human-induced land use transformations in tropical regions have notably impacted soil nutrient dynamics, particularly of carbon (C) and phosphorus (P). This study investigates soil C stocks and P fractions across six distinct land use types (fallow, residential, woodland, garden plots, cultivated lands, and grasslands) and their influence on soil P distribution at varying soil depths in Hainan Island, China. Higher concentrations of total carbon (TC) and soil organic carbon (SOC) were found in woodland (1.29 %, 1.21 %), garden plot (1.18 %, 1.1 %), and grassland (1.12 %, 1.02 %) soils at the topsoil (0–20 cm), with a noticeable decrease in deep soil layers (20–180 cm) compared to fallow, residential, and cultivated lands. In deeper soil layers (20–100 cm and 100–180 cm), woodland and grassland soils exhibited higher SOC and TC densities (10.09, 15.77 kg m⁻²; 15.29, 17.03 kg m⁻², respectively). Using Hedley’s modified Tiessen and Moir scheme, P fractionation analysis indicated P limitation in different land use systems. Grassland soils had higher organic P fractions (NaOH-Po, NaHCO₃-Po, HClc-Po) at 0–20 cm depth, remaining consistent at deeper layers. In cultivated and grassland soils, the inorganic P fraction (HCl_D-Pi) was the most significant contributor to total P across all depths. There was a steady trend in residual P across the land use depths. Correlations between labile (NaHCO₃-Pi, NaHCO₃-Po), moderately (NaOH-Po, NaOH-Pi, HCl_D-Pi) available P fractions and carbon stocks across all depths further revealed the crucial role of SOC in the regulation of P availability. It can thus be concluded that land use differentially influences SOC and P storage potential in Hainan Island, with divergence in soil layers. These findings highlight the significance of region-specific land management practices for maintaining soil health to mitigate climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 108550"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medieval vegetation dynamics and montane-industrial history of the central Ore Mountains, Czech Republic, as reflected by alluvial geoarchives","authors":"Kryštof Derner ,&nbsp;Knut Kaiser ,&nbsp;Libor Petr ,&nbsp;Petr Kočár ,&nbsp;Romana Kočárová ,&nbsp;Anna-Maartje de Boer ,&nbsp;Marek Kasprzak ,&nbsp;Michał Łopuch ,&nbsp;Petr Bohdálek ,&nbsp;Jiří Crkal ,&nbsp;Petr Lissek","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The methodically complex analysis of alluvial sediments from stream valleys makes it possible to reconstruct the medieval and early modern history of vegetation and land use in low mountain ranges. For this purpose, eight alluvial sections were documented and analysed in the central part of the Ore Mountains at an altitude interval of 700–800 m a.s.l. An interdisciplinary approach was applied using methods from archaeology, micro-artefact analysis, geomorphology, radiocarbon dating, pedology, sedimentology, geochemistry, and archaeobotany. Our results show that the alluvial valley fills are about 1–2 m thick and consist of various sediment types including coarse wood remains. According to radiocarbon dating, these fills represent the last millennium. Before local medieval clearing in the second half of the 13th century CE, the wet valley floors were covered by spruce, supplemented by alder and other woody taxa. The adjacent dry slopes and plateaus were predominantly overgrown by beech and fir. Silver mining of hydrothermal vein deposits, iron smelting, agriculture, and rural settlements were recognised as specific types of medieval and early modern land use in the study area. These different land-use forms occurred contemporarily, but sometimes spatially separated. Over the course of time strong human impact in the area becomes evident, which has led to deforestation, changes in vegetation and relief, soil erosion, siltation of stream valleys, and local geochemical contamination. A special feature, in comparison with other Central European low mountain ranges, is the existence of a mixed mining-agricultural colonisation in the Ore Mountains, as opposed to a mode in which mining and metallurgy clearly precede permanent rural settlement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 108520"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conversion of monoculture plantation to two-aged mixed plantation enhances soil organic carbon via increased microbial residue carbon accrual","authors":"Xiangrong Cheng ,&nbsp;Yulin Zhang ,&nbsp;Haidong Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mixed plantations are more effective at storing soil organic carbon (SOC) than monoculture plantations. However, the accrual and stabilization of SOC are contingent upon its composition and source. Further, research on the impact of converting monoculture plantations to mixed plantations on SOC fractions and sources remains limited. We aimed to investigate the variations in SOC fractions (mineral-associated organic C [MAOC]; particulate organic C [POC]) and sources (lignin phenols and amino sugars as biomarkers), and associated biotic and abiotic factors in a monoculture coniferous plantation (used as a control) and three two-aged mixed plantations (4-, 7-, and 11-year-old stands of broad-leaved tree species planted in monoculture coniferous plantations). The conversion from monoculture to two-aged mixed plantations resulted in a greater accumulation of POC than MAOC, as well as higher accumulation rates of amino sugars (representing microbial residue) than lignin phenols (representing plant residues). The influence of soil microbial traits on the accumulation of lignin phenols and amino sugars was more pronounced than that of plant traits (root biomass) and soil nutrients (N and P availability). The presence of greater quantities of plant material inputs has been observed to stimulate microbial activity (e.g., β-1,4-glucosidase) and growth (e.g., saprotrophic fungi), which has been shown to increase microbial biomass and residue production and enhance recalcitrant lignin accumulation. Furthermore, the contribution of microbial-derived carbon to SOC in the mixed plantation (46 %) greatly increased compared with that in the monoculture plantation (28 %). These results demonstrate that the conversion of monoculture to two-aged mixed plantations greatly affects the composition and sources of SOC, leading to enhance accumulation and stabilization of SOC. To conclude, two-aged mixed plantations may serve as an effective silvicultural model for the promotion of SOC sequestration in forest ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 108555"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}